Goldsboro Christian Schs., Inc. v. United States, 454 U.S. 892 (1981). · Go Syfert
Goldsboro Christian Schs., Inc. v. United States, 454 U.S. 892 (1981). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“t is obvious to us that there are many interlocutory or mediate decisions having no immediate effect upon employment conditions which were not intended to fall within the direct proscriptions ofs 717 and comparable provisions of title vii”
197 citation events (9 in the last 25 years) across 55 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Florence v. Runyon (txnd, 1997-11-12)
Treatment trajectory · 1981 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1981 2003 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 32 distinct citers. How cited ↗
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Florence v. Runyon
N.D. Tex. · 1997 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
.. .interlocutory or mediate decisions having no immediate effect upon employment conditions.. .were not intended to fall within the direct proscriptions of 717 and comparable provisions of title vii.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Richard Smith Jerome Williams v. American National Red Cross
4th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
t is obvious to us that there are many interlocutory or mediate decisions having no immediate effect upon employment conditions which were not intended to fall within the direct proscriptions ofs 717 and comparable provisions of title vii
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Richard R. Hughes, Sr. v. United States Postal Service
4th Cir. · 1984 · signal: cf. · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
that ... the regulation ... would be entitled to enforcement by a federal court, does not in our view mean that, if violated, its violation must be redressed as if it constituted a direct violation of substantive provisions of title vil
discussed Cited "see" Thompson v. Holloway
W.D. Ark. · 2025 · signal: see · confidence high
See Davis v. Mueller, 643 F.2d 521, 525 (8th Cir.) (noting that the availability of federal habeas relief while state court proceedings are still pending is limited by the “‘notion of comity’” and “the proper respect for state functions”), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" Phillips v. Sheriff, Benton County, Arkansas
W.D. Ark. · 2025 · signal: see · confidence high
See Davis v. Mueller, 643 F.2d 521, 525 (8th Cir.) (noting that the availability of federal habeas relief while state court proceedings are still pending is limited by the “‘notion of comity’” and “the proper respect for state functions”), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 (1981).
cited Cited "see" Lacasse v. Didlake, Inc.
E.D. Va. · 2016 · signal: see · confidence high
See Page v. Bolger, 645 F.2d 227, 233 (4th Cir.1981), cert, denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 388 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981); see also Von Gunten v. Maryland, 243 F.3d 858, 865-66 (4th Cir.2001).
cited Cited "see" Idit Dobbs-Weinstein, Plaintiff-Appellant/ Cross-Appellee v. Vanderbilt University, Defendant-Appellee
6th Cir. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See id.
discussed Cited "see" Dachman v. Shalala
D. Maryland · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Settle v. Baltimore County, 34 F.Supp.2d 969, 987-89 (D.Md. 1999) (discussing, inter alia, Page v. Bolger, 645 F.2d 227 (4th Cir.) (in banc), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 388 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981), and Munday v. Waste Management of N. Am., Inc., 126 F.3d 239 , 243 (4th Cir.1997), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 118 S.Ct. 1053 , 140 L.Ed.2d 116 (1998)).
discussed Cited "see" Forbes v. Wilson Co. Emergency
Tenn. Ct. App. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
Id at 1097; see Page v. Bolger, 645 F.2d 227, 233 (4th Cir.) (holding that “there are many interlocutory or mediate decisions having no immediate effect upon employment conditions” under Title VII), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 (1981).
cited Cited "see" Marcela M. Bodkin v. Togo D. West, Jr., Secretary of the Army
4th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Page v. Bolger, 645 F.2d 227, 233 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 (1981).
cited Cited "see" Bodkin v. West
4th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Page v. Bolger, 645 F.2d 227, 233 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 (1981).
cited Cited "see" Bellamy-Moore v. Perry
D. Maryland · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Page v. Bolger, 645 F.2d 227, 233 (4th Cir.1981), cert denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 388 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" Mary DOLLIS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Robert E. RUBIN, Secretary of the Department of the Treasury, Defendant-Appellee
5th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Page v. Bolger, 645 F.2d 227, 233 (4th Cir.) (en banc) (noting that Title VII discrimination cases have focused upon ultimate employment decisions such as hiring, granting leave, discharging, promoting, and compensating), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 388 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" Taylor v. Brown
D. Maryland · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Sandhu v. Virginia, Dep’t of Conservation & Recreation, 874 F.Supp. 122, 127 (E.D.Va.1995) (“the former step of the process merely ‘gets someone in the door.’ On the other hand, the personal interview is often the determinative factor in many hiring positions.”) (citing Page v. Bolger, 645 F.2d 227, 233 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 388 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981)).
discussed Cited "see" Dollis v. Rubin
5th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Page v. Bolger, 645 F.2d 227, 233 (4th Cir.)(en banc)(noting that Title VII discrimination cases have focused upon ultimate employment decisions such as hiring, granting leave, discharging, promoting, and compensating), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S. Ct. 388 , 70 L.
discussed Cited "see" Howze v. Virginia Polytechnic
W.D. Va. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Page v. Bolger, 645 F.2d 227, 233 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 388 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981); Ward v. Johns Hopkins Univ., 861 F.Supp. 367, 377 (D.Md.1994) (relying on Page); Lucas v. Cheney, 821 F.Supp. 374, 375 (D.Md.1992) (same), aff'd, 991 F.2d 790 (4th Cir.1993) (table).
cited Cited "see" Odom v. Frank
N.D. Tex. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Page v. Bolger, 645 F.2d 227, 231 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 388 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981).
cited Cited "see" Foster v. Tandy Corp.
4th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See, Page v. Bolger, 645 F.2d 227, 230 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 388 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981).
cited Cited "see" Abraham Foster, III v. Tandy Corporation, T/a Radio Shack
4th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See, Page v. Bolger, 645 F.2d 227, 230 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" Under 21, Catholic Home Bureau for Dependent Children v. City of New York
NY · 1985 · signal: accord · confidence high
Finally, in light of the majority’s reliance on separation of powers cases involving the Federal Constitution, it should be noted that a number of Federal courts have upheld presidential Executive Orders barring discrimination in Federally funded projects on the ground that “the federal government has a vital interest in assuring that the largest possible pool of qualified manpower be available for the accomplishment of its projects” (Contractors Assn. v Secretary of Labor, 442 F2d 159, 171, cert denied 404 US 854 ; accord, United States v New Orleans Public Serv., 553 F2d 459, 465, vaca…
cited Cited "see" Verdell v. Wilson
E.D.N.Y · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See Page v. Bolger, 645 F.2d 227, 229-30 (4th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 388 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" Robert F. Roscello v. Southwest Airlines Company and International Association of MacHinists & Aerospace Workers, Afl-Cio, Airline District 146
5th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See Del Casal v. Eastern Airlines, Inc., 634 F.2d 295 (5th Cir.1981), cert, denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 386 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981); for a general description of the duty of fair representation, see Vaca v. Sipes, 386 U.S. 171 , 87 S.Ct. 903 , 17 L.Ed.2d 842 (1967). 4 .
discussed Cited "see" Linn v. Chivatero
5th Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Mississippi Power & Light Co., 638 F.2d 899, 903 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 387 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1982); Richey v. Smith, 515 F.2d 1239, 1242-43 (5th Cir. 1975).
discussed Cited "see" Linn v. Chivatero
5th Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Mississippi Power & Light Co., 638 F.2d 899, 903 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 387 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1982); Richey v. Smith, 515 F.2d 1239, 1242-43 (5th Cir.1975). 11 The IRS points to the district court's language dismissing Linn's petition "without prejudice to adjudication of plaintiff's claims in an appropriate future proceeding" as support for its contention that the district court's judgment is not an appealable order.
cited Cited "see" United States v. Mobil Corp.
N.D. Tex. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Mississippi Power & Light Co., 638 F.2d 899 cert. denied 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 387 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" Mary DOLLIS v. Robert E. RUBIN, Secretary of the Department of the Treasury
unknown court · signal: see · confidence high
See Page v. Bolger, 645 F.2d 227, 233 (4th Cir.) (en banc) (noting that Title VII discrimination cases have focused upon ultimate employment decisions such as hiring, granting leave, discharging, promoting, and compensating), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 388 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Ussery v. Louisiana Ex Rel. Department of Health & Hospitals
W.D. La. · 1997 · signal: see also · confidence low
Dollis v. Rubin, 77 F.3d 777, 781 (5th Cir.1995); see also Page v. Bolger, 645 F.2d 227, 233 (4th Cir.) (en banc) (finding that decisions regarding hiring, granting leave, discharging, promoting, and compensating constitute ultimate employment decisions), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 388 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Gropp v. United Airlines, Inc.
M.D. Fla. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
Thus, a union breaches its duty of fair representation “when a union’s conduct toward a member of the collective bargaining unit is arbitrary, discriminatory, or in bad *1563 faith.” 386 U.S. at 190 , 87 S.Ct. at 916 ; See also Del Casal v. Eastern Airlines, Inc., 634 F.2d 295 (5th Cir. Unit B), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 386 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Lowell Peterson v. Kenneth E. Lindner, Secretary of the Department of Administration, State of Wisconsin
7th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Mississippi Power and Light Co., 638 F.2d 899 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 387 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1982); Mattis v. Schnarr, 502 F.2d 588 (8th Cir.1974), reversal after remand vacated on other grounds, 431 U.S. 171 , 97 S.Ct. 1739 , 52 L.Ed.2d 219 (1977).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Lucas v. Bolivar County
5th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Mississippi Power & Light Co., 638 F.2d 899, 903 (5th Cir.) (quoting Gillespie v. United States Steel Corp., 379 U.S. 148, 152 , 85 S.Ct. 308, 311 , 13 L.Ed.2d 199, 203 (1964)), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 387 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981); Freeman v. Califano, 574 F.2d 264, 267 (5th Cir. 1978); Jetco Elec.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Karahalios v. Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center Presidio
N.D. Cal. · 1984 · signal: see also · confidence low
Many courts have held that when a union breaches its duty of fair representation by failing to give proper consideration to an employee’s grievance, the employee is entitled to “damages from the union to cover [the] expenses, including attorney’s fees and costs, that [he] incurred in seeking a fair resolution of [his] claim against the employer.” Dutrisac, 511 F.Supp. at 729 ; see also Del Casal v. Eastern Airlines, Inc., 634 F.2d 295, 301 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 386 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981); Self, 620 F.2d at 444 ; Scott v. Local Union 377, Internat'l Bro…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Dirring v. Lombard Bros., Inc.
D. Mass. · 1984 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also, DelCasal v. Eastern Airlines, Inc., 634 F.2d 295 (5th Cir.) (recognizing that the union had authority to decide under what circumstances an attorney would be provided to the grievant, but that nonunion membership was an improper basis for making the determination), cert, denied, 454 U.S. 892 , 102 S.Ct. 386 , 70 L.Ed.2d 206 (1981).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Goldsboro Christian Schools, Inc.
v.
United States and Bob Jones University v. United States
No. 81-1; No. 81-3.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 13, 1981.
454 U.S. 892

C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari granted, cases consolidated, and a total of one hour allotted for oral argument. Reported below: No. 81-1, 644 F. 2d 879; No. 81-3, 639 F. 2d 147.