green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 1×
7.5 score
G Cite
cited 3× by 1 distinct case ·
“[Fjirearms are ‘tools of the trade’ of those engaged in illegal drug activities.”
Treatment trajectory · 1987 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1987
2006
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 28 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
United States v. Alan E. Harwood, Also Known as Expresso, and Frederick W. McKee
But see United States v. Jordan, 810 F.2d 262, 269 (D.C.Cir.) (“District Court’s failure to ask appellant personally whether he affirms or denies the previous conviction” requires remand for resentencing) (citing United States v. Ramsey, 655 F.2d 398 , 400 n. 7 (D.C.Cir. 1981) (§ 851(b) requires strict, not substantial, compliance)), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1963 , 95 L.Ed.2d 535 (1987); see also United States v. Garrett, 565 F.2d 1065, 1072 (9th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 974 , 98 S.Ct. 1620 , 56 L.Ed.2d 67 (1978); United States v. Cevallos, 538 F.2d 1122, 1126-27…
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
United States v. John C. Mueller
fjirearms are 'tools of the trade' of those engaged in illegal drug activities.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Darwin Thomas Bordeaux, United States of America v. Augustin White Horse
See United States v. Redmond, 803 F.2d 438, 439 (9th Cir.1986) (fact that victim originally accompanies another consensually does not prevent kidnapping where force later used to seize or confine victim), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1963 , 95 L.Ed.2d 534 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Darwin Bordeaux
See United States v. Redmond, 803 F.2d 438, 439 (9th Cir. 1986) (fact that victim originally accompanies another consensually does not prevent kidnapping where force later used to seize or confine victim), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 (1987).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Philip Charles Kellotat
See United States v. Redmond, 803 F.2d 438, 440 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
State v. Valdez
See United States v. Smith, 795 F.2d 841, 847 (9th Cir. 1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032, 107 S.Ct. 1964 , 95 L.Ed.2d 535 (1987) (undeveloped film constitutes a "visual depiction” as that term is used in 18 U.S.C. § 2252 (a), the federal sexual exploitation statute).
discussed
Cited "see"
Rhoden v. Morgan
See United States v. Smith, 795 F.2d 841 , 848 n. 7 (9th Cir.1986) (affidavit alleging certain photographs are “obscene” is inadequate for issuance of warrant), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1964 , 95 L.Ed.2d 535 (1987); Bryers, 480 S.W.2d at 718 (subjective impression of witness insufficient to sustain obscenity conviction “no matter how detailed the description”).
discussed
Cited "see"
Watts v. State
See Ativell v. State, 594 So.2d 202, 211 (Ala.Cr.App.1991), cert. denied, 594 So.2d 214 (Ala.1992). “ ‘Although the initial stop of the suspect may have been justified only by reasonable suspicion, additional facts gathered from that stop may strengthen that suspicion into probable cause.’ United States v. Martinez, 808 F.2d 1050, 1055 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1962 , 95 L.Ed.2d 533 (1987).” Molina v. State, 533 So.2d 701, 707 (Ala.Cr.App.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1086 , 109 S.Ct. 1547 , 103 L.Ed.2d 851 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Condren
See United States v. Martinez, 808 F.2d 1050, 1057 (5th Cir.) (“Firearms are ‘tools of the trade’ of those engaged in illegal drug activities.”), cer t. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1962 , 95 L.Ed.2d 533 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Bridget M. Denny-Shaffer
(2×)
See United States v. Redmond, 803 F.2d 438, 439 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1963 , 95 L.Ed.2d 534 (1987); United States v. Wesson, 779 F.2d 1443, 1444 (9th Cir.1986) (per curiam). 22 We agree with these interpretations of § 1201(a) and will accordingly consider the application of the kidnapping statute here to the actions of defendant in carrying out the abduction and also her actions subsequent to the abduction of the infant.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Robert Earl Sanders
Id. at 687, 105 S.Ct. at 1576; see United States v. Martinez, 808 F.2d 1050, 1053 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1962 , 95 L.Ed.2d 533 (1987). 24 . 501 F.2d 208 (5th Cir.1974), ce rt. denied, 421 U.S. 912 , 95 S.Ct. 1567 , 43 L.Ed.2d 777 (1975). 25 .
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Miguel Mungia
See United States v. Redmond, 803 F.2d 438 , 440 n. 7 (9th Cir.1986) (noting that "[c]ourts have found that a person is not arrested for purposes of the Speedy Trial Act until he is taken into custody after a federal arrest for the purpose of responding to a federal charge"), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Michael Anthony Holloway
See United States v. Martinez, 808 F.2d 1050, 1053 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1962 , 95 L.Ed.2d 533 (1987), describing United States v. Sharpe, 470 U.S. 675 , 105 S.Ct. 1568 , 84 L.Ed.2d 605 (1985) (holding that — where officer drew his gun, ordered driver out of truck, patted him down for weapons, and detained him for fifteen minutes until DEA agent arrived, and suspect’s vehicle was then searched by DEA agent — detention was an investigatory stop that required only reasonable suspicion of criminal activity); see also United States v. Watson, 953 F.2d 895 , 897 …
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Thomas R. Schiffbauer
See United States v. Schiek, 806 F.2d 943, 944 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1962 , 95 L.Ed.2d 534 (1987); United States v. Martinez-Jimenez, 864 F.2d 664, 665-66 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1099 , 109 S.Ct. 1576 , 103 L.Ed.2d 942 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Darin Chase
Enhancement may be based on conviction under the "law of a State." 21 U.S.C. § 841 (b)(1)(B); see United States v. Jordan, 810 F.2d 262 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Jerry Wayne Ervin
See United States v. Espinoza-Seanez, 862 F.2d 526, 533 (5th Cir.1988) (citing United States v. Martinez, 808 F.2d 1050, 1055 (5th Cir.) cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1962 , 95 L.Ed.2d 533 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
State v. Bonynge
See United States v. Smith, 795 F.2d 841 , 848 n. 7 (9th Cir.1986), cert, denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1964 , 95 L.Ed.2d 535 (1987); United States v. Hurt, 795 F.2d 765, 773 (9th Cir.1986), as amended by 808 F.2d 707, 708 (9th Cir.1987), cert, denied, 484 U.S. 816 , 108 S.Ct. 69 , 98 L.Ed.2d 33 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Sandra Spaise Shirley
See United States v. Smith, 795 F.2d 841, 849 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1964 , 95 L.Ed.2d 535 (1987) (knowledge of the presence of contraband is necessary to determine whether defendant had sufficient dominion and control over the weapon to find constructive possession).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Smith
See, United States v. Martinez, 808 F.2d 1050, 1055 (5th Cir.) cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1962 , 95 L.Ed.2d 533 (1987). .
discussed
Cited "see"
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. MICHAEL ANTHONY HOLLOWAY
See United States v. Martinez, 808 F.2d 1050, 1053 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 (1987), describing United States v. Sharpe, 470 U.S. 675 , 105 S. Ct. 1568 (1985) (holding that--where officer drew his gun, ordered driver out of truck, patted him down for weapons, and detained him for -4- 4 seizure, officers had the requisite reasonable suspicion to initiate an investigatory detention of Holloway or probable cause to arrest him.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Dowman
See Roberts, 274 F.3d at 1016-17 ; see also United States v. Smith, 795 F.2d 841, 847-49 (9th Cir. 1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Baker v. Commonwealth
(2×)
See also United States v. Smith, 795 F.2d 841 (9th Cir.1986), cert.denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1964 , 95 L.Ed.2d 535 (1987) (undeveloped film constitutes a “visual depiction” within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. § 2252 (a), the Federal Sexual Exploitation Statute).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Brunette
Compare United States v. Harned, 182 F.3d 928 , 1999 WL 362397 , *4 (9th Cir.1999) (assertion that photograph depicts “[juveniles] engaged in explicit sexual acts with adults” is, by itself, insufficient basis for probable cause), with United States v. Smith, 795 F.2d 841, 848-49 (9th Cir.1986) (assertion that photograph depicts “sexually explicit conduct” sufficient for finding of probable cause), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1964 , 95 L.Ed.2d 535 (1987); see also United States v. Jasorka, 153 F.3d 58, 60 (2d Cir.1998) (court declined. to address sufficiency of warrant affi…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Cohen
See also State v. Tirohn, 556 So.2d 447 (Fla. 5th DCA 1990). [9] In United States v. Smith, 795 F.2d 841 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1964 , 95 L.Ed.2d 535 (1987), the defendant similarly argued that unprocessed, undeveloped film did not constitute a "visual depiction" within the terms of the federal pornography statute because "substantial, complicated, and costly developing must be done before any visually perceptible image is created." Id. at 846.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Atkins v. Commonwealth
See also United States v. Jordan, 810 F.2d 262, 264 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1963 , 95 L.Ed.2d 535 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Neil W. Steinhorn, United States of America v. Eugene Petasky
See also United States v. Jordon, 810 F.2d 262, 264 (D.C.Cir.1987) cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 (1987); United States v. Price, 792 F.2d 994, 996-97 (11th Cir.1986); United States v. Whitman, 771 F.2d 1348, 1352 (9th Cir.1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. George Terzado-Madruga
See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez, 765 F.2d 1546 (11th Cir.1985) (admitting into evidence firearms even without a showing of a direct connection to the charges, since such weapons are many times “tools of the trade” for drug dealers, and since the evidence thus had circumstantial relevance to defendant's intent on drug conspiracy count); see also United States v. Martinez, 808 F.2d 1050 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1962 , 95 L.Ed.2d 533 (1987) (handgun properly admitted in prosecution for drug conspiracy since weapon was tool of trade of those engaged in illegal …
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Marvin Bloom and Vincent Anthony Daley, Appeal of Vincent Anthony Daley
We agree with those other courts that “[w]hen an individual is promptly released from federal custody without the Government filing formal charges, there is no ‘arrest’ within the meaning of 3161(b).” Id.; see also United States v. Redmond, 803 F.2d 438 , 440 n. 7 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1032 , 107 S.Ct. 1963 , 95 L.Ed.2d 534 (1987); United States v. Amuny, 767 F.2d 1113, 1120 (5th Cir.1985); United States v. Janik, 723 F.2d 537, 542 (7th Cir.1983).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Hess
v.
United States
v.
United States
No. 86-6553.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Apr 27, 1987.
Published
Citer courts: Fifth Circuit (1)
C. A. 9th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.