Martinez-Villareal v. Arizona, 493 U.S. 874 (1989). · Go Syfert
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Martinez-Villareal v. Arizona, 493 U.S. 874 (1989). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
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cited 3× by 1 distinct case · “counsel may not treat the sentencing phase as nothing more than a mere postscript to the trial.”
501 citation events (92 in the last 25 years) across 48 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Goad v. State (tenn, 1996-12-02)
Treatment trajectory · 1991 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1991 2008 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Goad v. State
Tenn. · 1996 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
counsel may not treat the sentencing phase as nothing more than a mere postscript to the trial.
cited Cited "see" State v. Rains
La. Ct. App. · 2012 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Tassin, 536 So.2d 402 (La.1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 205 , 107 L.Ed.2d 159 (1989); State v. Neslo, 433 So.2d 73 (La.1983) (both decided under former LSA-R.S. 15:495).
cited Cited "see" State v. King
Tenn. Crim. App. · 2010 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Melson, 772 S.W.2d 417 , 419 n.2 (Tenn. 1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 (1989).
cited Cited "see" State v. Morehead
La. Ct. App. · 2004 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Tassin, 536 So.2d 402 (La.1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 205 , 107 L.Ed.2d 159 (1989); State v. Neslo, 433 So.2d 73 (La.1983) (both decided under former LSA-R.S. 15:495).
cited Cited "see" Herbert Feist v. Warden Keith Price
Tex. App. · 2003 · signal: see · confidence high
See Crank v. State , 761 S.W.2d 328, 343-45 (Tex.Crim.App. 1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 209 , 107 L.Ed.2d 162 (1989).
cited Cited "see" Christopher Bunch v. State of Texas
Tex. App. · 2002 · signal: see · confidence high
See Crank v. State , 761 S.W.2d 328, 343-45 (Tex.Crim.App. 1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 209 , 107 L.Ed.2d 162 (1989).
cited Cited "see" Christopher Bunch v. State of Texas
Tex. App. · 2002 · signal: see · confidence high
See Crank v. State , 761 S.W.2d 328, 343-45 (Tex.Crim.App. 1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 209 , 107 L.Ed.2d 162 (1989).
cited Cited "see" Christopher Bunch v. State of Texas
Tex. App. · 2002 · signal: see · confidence high
See Crank v. State, 761 S.W.2d 328, 343-45 (Tex.Crim.App. 1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 209 , 107 L.Ed.2d 162 (1989).
discussed Cited "see" Holsinger v. State (2×)
Ind. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See Games v. State, 535 N.E.2d 530, 545 (Ind.) (giving little weight to the fact that defendant surrendered where defendant's apprehension was "nearly inevitable"), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 205 , 107 L.Ed.2d 158 (1989).
cited Cited "see" State v. Lee
La. Ct. App. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Tassin, 536 So.2d 402 (La. 1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 205 , 107 L.Ed.2d 159 (1989); State v. Gentry, 462 So.2d 624 (La.1985).
discussed Cited "see" Smith v. State
Ala. Crim. App. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See Thompson v. State, 542 So.2d 1286 (Ala.Cr.App.1988), aff'd, 542 So.2d 1300 (Ala.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 208 , 107 L.Ed.2d 161 (1989) (murder-kidnapping); Neelley v. State, 494 So.2d 669 (Ala.Cr.App.1985), aff'd, 494 So.2d 697 (Ala.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 926 , 107 S.Ct. 1389 , 94 L.Ed.2d 702 (1987) (murder-kidnapping); Heath v. State, 455 So.2d 898 (Ala.Cr.App. 1983), aff'd, 455 So.2d 905 (Ala.1984), aff'd, 474 U.S. 82 , 106 S.Ct. 433 , 88 L.Ed.2d 387 (1985) (murder-kidnapping).
cited Cited "see" Billy Joe Bourff v. State of Tennessee
Tenn. Crim. App. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Melson, 772 S.W .2d 417, 4 19 n.2 (T enn. 198 9), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 (1989). 6 The appellant first argues that his trial counsel failed to discover alleged exculpatory evidence.
cited Cited "see" State v. Williams
Mo. Ct. App. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Kilgore, 771 S.W.2d 57, 67 (Mo. banc), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 211 , 107 L.Ed.2d 164 (1989).
cited Cited "see" State v. Bowens
Mo. Ct. App. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Kilgore, 771 S.W.2d 57, 62 (Mo. banc 1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 211 , 107 L.Ed.2d 164 (1989); State v. Clements, 849 S.W.2d 640, 645 (Mo.App.1993).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Jerry Duffey
Tenn. Crim. App. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Melson, 772 S.W .2d 417, 4 19 n.2 (T enn. 198 9), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 (1989). 5 The charges of theft and deceptive business practices arose from the appellant’s operation of a cemetery and tombstone company in Marshall County, Tennessee.
cited Cited "see" State v. Boyd
Mo. Ct. App. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Kilgore, 771 S.W.2d 57, 67 (Mo. banc), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 211 , 107 L.Ed.2d 164 (1989).
cited Cited "see" Taylor v. State
Tex. App. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See Derrick v. State, 773 S.W.2d 271, 273 (Tex.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 209 , 107 L.Ed.2d 162 (1989); Butler, 716 S.W.2d at 54 .
cited Cited "see" Flores v. Johnson
W.D. Tex. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See Crank v. State, 761 S.W.2d 328, 352 (Tex.Crim.App.1988), cer t. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 209 , 107 L.Ed.2d 162 , (1989). 99 .
cited Cited "see" State v. Whitfield
Mo. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See O’Neal v. State, 766 S.W.2d 91, 98 (Mo. banc), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 206 , 107 L.Ed.2d 159 (1989).
discussed Cited "see" Robert Driscoll v. Paul Delo, Robert Driscoll v. Paul Delo (2×)
8th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Driscoll v. State, 767 S.W.2d 5, 14 (Mo.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 210 , 107 L.Ed.2d 163 (1989).
cited Cited "see" Owens v. State
Ind. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Games v. State (1989), Ind., 535 N.E.2d 530, 535 , cert denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 205 , 107 L.Ed.2d 158 .
cited Cited "see" Robert Driscoll v. Paul Delo
8th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Driscoll v. State, 767 S.W.2d 5, 14 (Mo.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 (1989).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Johnson
La. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Tassin, 536 So.2d 402 (La.1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 205 , 107 L.Ed.2d 159 (1989); State v. Neslo, 433 So.2d 73 (La.1983) (both decided under former LSA-R.S. 15:495 [6] ).
cited Cited "see" Prince v. Parke
N.D. Ind. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Singleton v. Lockhart, 871 F.2d 1395, 1399 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 207 , 107 L.Ed.2d 160 (1989).
discussed Cited "see" Emmett C. Nave v. Paul K. Delo, Emmett C. Nave v. Paul K. Delo, Emmett C. Nave v. Paul K. Delo (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
8th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Kilgore, 771 S.W.2d 57, 68 (Mo.) (en banc) (“no evidence that the death sentence was imposed under the influence of passion, prejudice, or other arbitrary factors.” (emphasis added)), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 211 , 107 L.Ed.2d 164 (1989); see also Jones v. State, 767 S.W.2d 41, 45 (Mo.) (en banc), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 207 , 107 L.Ed.2d 160 (1989).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Perry (2×)
Utah Ct. App. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
Moreover, "this court will not second-guess trial counsel's legitimate strategic choices, however flawed those choices might appear in retrospect." Id. at 465 (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689 , 104 S.Ct. at 2065 ); see Kubat v. Thieret, 867 F.2d 351, 364-65 (7th Cir.) (rejecting ineffectiveness claim where trial counsel could reasonably have chosen not to submit lesser included offense instruction to avoid weakening alibi defense), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 206 , 107 L.Ed.2d 159 (1989).
cited Cited "see" United States Ex Rel. Emerson v. Gramley
N.D. Ill. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kubat v. Thieret, 867 F.2d 351, 369 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 206 , 107 L.Ed.2d 159 (1989).
discussed Cited "see" Emmett C. Nave v. Paul K. Delo, Emmett C. Nave v. Paul K. Delo, Emmett C. Nave v. Paul K. Delo (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
8th Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Kilgore, 771 S.W.2d 57, 68 (Mo.) (en banc) (“no evidence that the death sentence was imposed under the influence of passion, prejudice, or other arbitrary factors.” (emphasis added)), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 211 , 107 L.Ed.2d 164 (1989); see also Jones v. State, 767 S.W.2d 41, 45 (Mo.) (en banc), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 207 , 107 L.Ed.2d 160 (1989).
discussed Cited "see" Lawson v. Dixon, Warden (2×)
SCOTUS · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kubat v. Thieret, 867 F. 2d 351, 373 (CA7), cert. denied, 493 U. S. 874 (1989); Brantley v. State, 262 Ga. 786, 794 , 427 S. E. 2d 758, 765 (1993); Engberg v. Meyer, 820 P. 2d 70, 93 (Wyo. 1991). 4 Without deciding the merits of these claims, I conclude that they cast considerable doubt on the reliability and constitutionality of Lawson's sentence of death.
discussed Cited "see" Gerald Boyd v. Michael Groose
8th Cir. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See O’Neal v. State, 766 S.W.2d 91 (Mo.) (en banc), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 206 , 107 L.Ed.2d 159 (1989); see also Boyd v. Delo, 999 F.2d 1286, 1288 (8th Cir.1993) (claims of ineffective assistance of counsel procedurally barred when abandoned on the appeal of the denial of the Rule 27.26 motion).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Ladner
La. Ct. App. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See and compare State v. Tassin, 536 So.2d 402, 409 (La.1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 205 , 107 L.Ed.2d 159 (1989); State v. Connor, 403 So.2d 678, 680 (La.1981); State v. Anderson, 440 So.2d 205, 212 (La.App. 3rd Cir.1983), writ denied, 444 So.2d 1241 (La. 1984).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Hien Hai Hoac, United States of America v. Hgai Choy Chan
9th Cir. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kubat v. Thieret, 867 F.2d 351, 372 (7th Cir.) (“[W]hen a court, on direct appellate review, finds that an error rises to the level of plain error, reversal is automatic.”), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 206 , 107 L.Ed.2d 159 (1989).
cited Cited "see" State v. Isa
Mo. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Kilgore, 771 S.W.2d 57, 67 (Mo. banc), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 211 , 107 L.Ed.2d 164 (1989).
cited Cited "see" State v. Wiley
La. Ct. App. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Tassin, 536 So.2d 402 (La.1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 205 , 107 L.Ed.2d 159 (1989), reh. denied, 495 U.S. 924 , 110 S.Ct. 1961 , 109 L.Ed.2d 322 (1990).
cited Cited "see" State v. Hooper
Mo. Ct. App. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See O'Neal v. State, 766 S.W.2d 91 (Mo.banc), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 206 , 107 L.Ed.2d 159 (1989).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Ernest Bolton
7th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
Mem.Op. and Order at 2 (Jan. 13, 1987); see Kubat v. Thieret, 867 F.2d 351, 357 (7th Cir.) (court need not decide whether identifications are reliable if procedures are not suggestive), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 206 , 107 L.Ed.2d 159 (1989).
discussed Cited "see" Harris v. State
Ala. Crim. App. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Thompson v. State, 542 So.2d 1286 (Ala.Cr.App. 1988), affirmed, 542 So.2d 1300 (Ala.1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 208 , 107 L.Ed.2d 161 (1989) (wherein the indictment charged that the defendant caused the victim's death "by striking her with his fist and by dragging her behind an automobile, either or both of which acts resulted in the aspiration of stomach contents and suffocation").
discussed Cited "see" State v. Reuscher (2×)
Mo. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Kilgore, 771 S.W.2d 57 (Mo. banc), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 211 , 107 L.Ed.2d 164 (1989); State v. Walls, 744 S.W.2d 791, 800 (Mo. banc), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 871 , 109 S.Ct. 181 , 102 L.Ed.2d 150 (1988); State v. Lashley, 667 S.W.2d 712 (Mo. banc), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 873 , 105 S.Ct. 229 , 83 L.Ed.2d 158 (1984); State v. Laws, 661 S.W.2d 526 (Mo. banc 1983), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1210 , 104 S.Ct. 2401 , 81 L.Ed.2d 357 (1984); State v. Battle, 661 S.W.2d 487 (Mo. banc 1983), cert. denied, 466 U.S. 993 , 104 S.Ct. 2375 , 80 L.Ed.2d 847 (1984).
cited Cited "see" Carnold v. State
Ala. Crim. App. · 1992 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord, e.g., Brownlee v. State , 545 So.2d 151 , 164 (Ala.Cr.App. 1988), affirmed, 545 So.2d 166 (Ala.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 208 , 107 L.Ed.2d 161 (1989).
discussed Cited "see" Johnson v. State (2×)
Ark. · 1992 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord Singleton v. Lockhart, 871 F.2d 1395 , 1401 (1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 (1989) and O’Rourke v. State, 295 Ark. 57, 64 , 746 S.W.2d 52, 56 (1988).
cited Cited "see" State v. Schnick
Mo. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Kilgore, 771 S.W.2d 57, 61-62 (Mo. banc 1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 211 , 107 L.Ed.2d 164 (1989).
examined Cited "see" Dill v. State (4×)
Ala. Crim. App. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Brownlee v. State, 545 So.2d 151 (Ala. Crim.App.1988), aff'd, 545 So.2d 166 (Ala.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 208 , 107 L.Ed.2d 161 (1989); Thomas v. State, 539 So.2d 375 (Ala.Crim.App.), aff'd, 539 So.2d 399 (Ala.1988); Tarver v. State, 500 So.2d 1232 (Ala.Crim.App.), aff'd, 500 So.2d 1256 (Ala.1986), cert. denied, 482 U.S. 920 , 107 S.Ct. 3197 , 96 L.Ed.2d 685 (1987).
cited Cited "see" Rhoden v. State
Tenn. Crim. App. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Teague v. State, 772 S.W.2d 915, 923-924 (Tenn.Crim.App.1988), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 210 , 107 S.Ct. 163 (1989); Strouth v. State, 755 S.W.2d 819, 832 (Tenn.Crim.App.1986). 22 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Addison
N.H. · 2009 · signal: see also · confidence low
See, e.g., Sup. Ct. R. 5-7, 13-18, 21; see also Games v. State, 535 N.E.2d 530, 537 (Ind.) (“We have repeatedly held that our standard rules of appellate review allow for the requisite meaningful appellate review of death penalty cases.”), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 (1989).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Daniel v. State (2×)
Ala. Crim. App. · 2004 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Brownlee v. State , 545 So.2d 151 , 159 (Ala.Cr.App. 1988), aff'd , 545 So.2d 166 (Ala.), cert. denied , 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 208 , 107 L.Ed.2d 161 (1989).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Ex Parte Hawkins
Tex. Crim. App. · 1999 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Crank v. State, 761 S.W.2d 328, 350 (Tex.Crim.App.1988) (citing, inter alia, Evans v. State, infra), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 209 , 107 L.Ed.2d 162 (1989); Hightower v. State, 629 S.W.2d 920, 922 (Tex.Crim.App.1981) (citing Ex parte Lucas, infra); Smallwood v. State, 607 S.W.2d 911, 912 (Tex.Crim.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Grayson v. State
Ala. Crim. App. · 1999 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Thompson v. State, 542 So.2d 1286, 1296 (Ala.Cr.App.1988), aff'd, 542 So.2d 1300 (Ala.1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 208 , 107 L.Ed.2d 161 (1989) (this Court rejected the appellant's argument that the trial court erred in finding that the offense was especially heinous, atrocious, or cruel because the majority of the victim's wounds were apparently inflicted postmortem, noting that "[t]he facts of this murder, as demonstrated through the appellant's statement, as well as through the other evidence, show a string of torturous and conscienceless acts").
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Jones v. State
Ala. Crim. App. · 1999 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Brownlee v. State , 545 So.2d 151 (Ala.Cr.App. 1988), aff'd, 545 So.2d 166 (Ala.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 208 , 107 L.Ed.2d 527 (1989) (the mere fact that a juror is personally acquainted with the victim does not automatically disqualify him from sitting on the criminal jury).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Drinkard v. State
Ala. Crim. App. · 1998 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Brownlee v. State, 545 So.2d 151, 155-56 (Ala.Cr.App.1988), affirmed, 545 So.2d 166 (Ala.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 208 , 107 L.Ed.2d 161 (1989). "`"The proper standard for determining whether a prospective juror may be excluded for cause because of his or her views on capital punishment is `whether the juror's views would "prevent or substantially impair the performance of his duties as a juror in accordance with his instruction and his oath."' Wainwright v. Witt, 469 U.S. 412 , [424], 105 S.Ct. 844, 852 , 83 L.Ed.2d 841 (1985); Gray v. Mississippi, 481 U.S. 648 , [658…
cited Cited "see, e.g." Gibson v. State
Tenn. Crim. App. · 1998 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also State v. Melson, 772 S.W.2d 417 , 419 n. 2 (Tenn. 1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 874 , 110 S.Ct. 211 , 107 L.Ed.2d 164 (1989).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Martinez-Villareal
v.
Arizona Jarrells v. Georgia Games v. Indiana Tassin v. Louisiana Baldwin v. Alabama O'Neal v. Missouri Kubat v. Greer, Warden Moran v. Whitley, Warden Singleton v. Lockhart, Commissioner, Arkansas Department of Correction Jones v. Missouri Padilla v. Nevada Hill v. Alabama Brownlee v. Alabama Thompson v. Alabama Coleman v. Oklahoma Derrick v. Texas Crank v. Texas Cavanaugh v. Nevada Kinsman v. Georgia Driscoll v. Missouri Singleton v. McKellar, Warden Teague v. Tennessee Melson v. Tennessee Kilgore v. Missouri
No. 88-2112; No. 88-7180; No. 88-7217; No. 88-7222; No. 88-7427; No. 88-7469; No. 88-7492; No. 88-7520; No. 88-7557; No. 88-7567; No. 88-7620; No. 89-5037; No. 89-5038; No. 89-5040; No. 89-5060; No. 89-5071; No. 89-5092; No. 89-5093; No. 89-5099; No. 89-5238; No. 89-5254; No. 89-5260; No. 89-5270; No. 89-5399.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 2, 1989.
493 U.S. 874
Brennan, Marshall.
Cited by 2 opinions  |  Published
1 passage pin-cited by 1 case
Pinpoint authority: bottom 87%
Citer courts: Tennessee Supreme Court (1)

Lead Opinion

Super. Ct. Ariz., County of Santa Cruz;

Sup. Ct. Ga.;

Sup. Ct. Ind.;

Sup. Ct. La.;

Ct. Crim. App. Ala.;

Sup. Ct. Mo.;

C. A. 7th Cir.;

Sup. Ct. Nev.;

C. A. 8th Cir.;

Sup. Ct. Mo.;

Sup. Ct. New;

Ct. Crim. App. Ala.;

Sup. Ct. Ala.;

Sup. Ct. Ala.;

Ct. Crim. App. Okla.;

Ct. Crim. App. Tex.;

Ct. Crim. App. Tex.;

Sup. Ct. New;

Sup. Ct. Ga.;

Sup. Ct. Mo.;

C. A. 4th Cir.;

Ct. Crim. App. Tenn.;

Sup. Ct. Tenn.; and

Sup. Ct. Mo. Certio-rari denied. Reported below: No. 88-7180, 258 Ga. 833, 375 S. E. 2d 842; No. 88-7217, 535 N. E. 2d 530; No. 88-7222, 536 So. 2d 402; No. 88-7427, 539 So. 2d 1103; No. 88-7469, 766 S. W. 2d 91; No. 88-7492, 867 F. 2d 351; No. 88-7520, 105 Nev. 1041, 810 P. 2d 335; No. 88-7557, 871 F. 2d 1395; No. 88-7567, 767 S. W. 2d 41; No. 88-7620, 104 Nev. 867; No. 89-5037, 541 So. 2d 83; No. 89-5038, 545 So. 2d 166; No. 89-5040, 542 So. 2d 1300; No. 89-5071, 773 S. W. 2d 271; No. 89-5092, 761 S. W. 2d 328; No. 89-5093, 105 Nev. 1025, 810 P. 2d 319; No. 89-5099, 259 Ga. 89, 376 S. E. 2d[*875] 845; No. 89-5238, 767 S. W. 2d 5; No. 89-5254, 873 F. 2d 1440; No. 89-5260, 772 S. W. 2d 915; No. 89-5270, 772 S. W. 2d 417; No. 89-5399, 771 S. W. 2d 57.

Dissent

Justice Brennan and Justice Marshall,

dissenting.

Adhering to our views that the death penalty is in all circumstances cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments, Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U. S. 153, 227, 231 (1976), we would grant certiorari and vacate the death sentences in these cases.