California Codes

Cal. Commercial Code § 2317 (2026)

✓ current as of May 2026

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Warranties whether express or implied shall be construed as consistent with each other and as cumulative, but if such construction is unreasonable the intention of the parties shall determine which warranty is dominant. In ascertaining that intention the following rules apply:

(a)Exact or technical specifications displace an inconsistent sample or model or general language of description.

(b)A sample from an existing bulk displaces inconsistent general language of description.

(c)Express warranties displaced inconsistent implied warranties other than an implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 3 cases, 2014–2020 · leading case: Nelson v. MillerCoors, LLC, 246 F. Supp. 3d 666 (E.D.N.Y 2017).

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Nelson v. MillerCoors, LLC, 246 F. Supp. 3d 666 (E.D.N.Y 2017). “§ 4-2-317 ; Cal. Com. Code § 2317 ; Colo. Rev. Stat. Ann.”

Magic Link Garment Ltd. v. ThirdLove, Inc. (N.D. Cal. 2020). · cites it 2× “Thus, where the buyer gives detailed specifications as to the goods, neither of the implied 27 warranties as to quality will normally apply to the transaction 1 California Commercial Code § 2317 provides that “[w]arranties whether express or 2 implied shall be construed as…”

Grayton v. CarMax Auto Superstores CA4/1 (Cal. Ct. App. 2014). “Grayton baldly contends if he is allowed another attempt to amend his complaint he would "change the legal effect of his pleading pursuant [to] [California Uniform Commercial Code section] 2317." Commercial Code section 2317 states, "[w]arranties whether express or implied shall…”

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