State v. Calderon, 827 P.2d 473 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1991). · Go Syfert
State v. Calderon, 827 P.2d 473 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1991). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
27 citation events (8 in the last 25 years) across 2 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: State v. Puga (arizctapp, 2025-01-28)
Treatment trajectory · 1993 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1993 2009 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 10 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. Puga
Ariz. Ct. App. · 2025 · confidence medium
Although Puga’s felony conviction for his crime against Jamie was twelve years old, “the sentencing statute does not preclude the use of an older felony conviction in aggravation.” State v. Calderon, 171 Ariz. 12, 14 (App. 1991). ¶42 Moreover, Jamie’s statement was relevant during sentencing.
cited Cited as authority (rule) State v. Alvarez Bojorquez
Ariz. Ct. App. · 2024 · confidence medium
State v. Calderon, 171 Ariz. 12, 14 (App. 1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. Coleman
Ariz. Ct. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
“An abuse of discretion occurs when the trial court fails to conduct an adequate investigation into the facts relevant to sentencing.” Russell, 175 Ariz. at 534 (citing State v. Calderon, 171 Ariz. 12, 13 (App. 1991)). ¶19 The legislature has mandated that the sentence imposed for a dangerous crime against children “shall be consecutive to any other sentence imposed on the person at any time.” A.R.S. § 13-705(M) (permitting concurrent sentencing for a dangerous crime against children only when the offense involves child molestation or sexual abuse of a single victim and the other off…
cited Cited as authority (rule) State v. Story
Ariz. Ct. App. · 2003 · confidence medium
See id.; State v. Calderon, 171 Ariz. 12, 14 , 827 P.2d 473, 475 (App.1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. Fell
Ariz. Ct. App. · 2002 · confidence medium
State v. Calderon, 171 Ariz. 12, 14 , 827 P.2d 473, 475 (App.1991); see State v. Nihiser, 191 Ariz. 199, 201 , 953 P.2d 1252, 1254 (App. 1997). ¶ 11 But, even if construction of § 13-401(B) were necessary, the result is unchanged.
examined Cited as authority (rule) State v. Sasak (6×) also: Cited "see"
Ariz. Ct. App. · 1993 · confidence medium
State v. Wideman, 165 Ariz. 364, 369 , 798 P.2d 1373, 1378 (App. 1990). "[W]e will not disturb a sentence within the statutory range absent an abuse of discretion." State v. Calderon, 171 Ariz. 12, 13 , 827 P.2d 473, 474 (App. 1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. Pitts
Ariz. Ct. App. · 1993 · confidence medium
In fact, State v. Calderon, 171 Ariz. 12, 14 , 827 P.2d 473, 475 (App.1991), holds that the court may consider felony convictions older than ten years if they establish that a defendant is still engaging in the same conduct.
cited Cited as authority (rule) State v. Russell
Ariz. Ct. App. · 1993 · confidence medium
State v. Calderon, 171 Ariz. 12, 13 , 827 P.2d 473, 474 (App. 1991).
cited Cited "see" State v. Bowling
Ariz. Ct. App. · 2019 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Calderon, 171 Ariz. 12, 13-14 (App. 1991).
examined Cited "see, e.g." State v. Greene (4×)
Ariz. · 1995 · signal: see also · confidence low
Criminal statutes are not strictly construed, but instead are “construed according to the fair meaning of their terms to promote justice and effect the objects of the law.” A.R.S. § 13-104; see also State v. Calderon, 171 Ariz. 12, 14 , 827 P.2d 473, 475 (App.1991).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
The STATE of Arizona, Appellee,
v.
Oscar CALDERON, Appellant
2 CA-CR 91-0228.
Court of Appeals of Arizona.
Nov 6, 1991.
827 P.2d 473
Grant Woods, Atty. Gen. by Paul J. McMurdie and John Pressley Todd, Phoenix, for appellee., Lingeman & Bock by Richard C. Bock, Tucson, for appellant.
Livermore, Lacagnina, Howard.
Cited by 13 opinions  |  Published

OPINION

PER CURIAM.

Appellant was charged by indictment with conspiracy to sell over eight pounds of marijuana, sale of more than eight pounds of marijuana, and possession of marijuana for sale. Pursuant to a plea agreement, he pled guilty to the conspiracy charge, a class 2 felony, in exchange for the state’s agreement to dismiss the remaining charges. He was sentenced on March 11, 1991, to an aggravated term of 12 years’ imprisonment. Appellant filed a motion for reconsideration of the sentence, which was denied. Appellant appeals from the convictions and the sentence imposed. We affirm.

Appellant contends that the sentence is excessive, arguing that the trial court erred in finding no mitigating factors; he cites specifically to his expressed remorse as one such factor. In addition, he questions the propriety of some factors the trial court cited in aggravation.

On appeal, we will not disturb a sentence that is within the statutory range absent an abuse of discretion, as the trial court is in the best position to evaluate a defendant. State v. Thomas, 142 Ariz. 201, 688 P.2d 1093 (App.1984). An abuse of discretion may be characterized as arbitrariness or capriciousness, or a failure to conduct an adequate investigation into the facts relevant to sentencing. State v. Patton, 120 Ariz. 386, 586 P.2d 635 (1978).

Prior to imposing sentence, the trial court noted the following aggravating circumstances: involvement of an accomplice, that the crime was committed for monetary gain, the large amount of drugs involved, and the defendant’s prior drug conviction. The court found no mitigating factors. Although the defendant’s remorse may be a mitigating factor, we cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion in failing to consider it a mitigating factor here. The court was well aware of appellant’s claimed remorse; indeed, appellant raised the court’s failure to find his remorse a mitigating factor in his motion for rehearing. As the court noted at sentencing, it was[*14] also aware that he had committed another offense, albeit 15 years earlier, also involving drugs. Perhaps the court simply was not persuaded that appellant was, indeed, remorseful or that such remorse amounted to a factor in mitigation. The trial court is in a better position than we are to make such an assessment. Based on this record, it appears that the trial court soundly exercised its sentencing discretion in finding no mitigating factors, and we see no reason to interfere.

We also reject appellant’s contention that the trial court erred in considering the fact that he had an accomplice in aggravation because he pled guilty to conspiracy. Appellant argued in his motion for rehearing that it “seems to be improper as well as cruel and unusual ... to find as aggravating factors those things which are inherently necessary to constitute the offense.” See State v. Lara, 170 Ariz. 203, 823 P.2d 70 (Ct.App.1990). This argument was made to the trial court in the motion for reconsideration, and while the court agreed that it should not have relied on the accomplice as an aggravating factor, it was inconsequential as the court still imposed the aggravated sentence and did not find any reason to alter the sentence notwithstanding this concession. Thus, even assuming arguendo that the trial court was correct in stating that it should not have considered the factor, any error was harmless.

We also reject appellant’s argument that the court erred in considering as an aggravating factor a 1976 conviction for conspiracy to possess marijuana with intent to distribute. Although A.R.S. § 13-702(D)(11) provides that the trial court shall consider a felony conviction “within the ten years immediately preceding the date of the offense,” the sentencing statute does not preclude the use of an older felony conviction in aggravation. The trial court may, under subsection (D)(13) of the statute, consider “[a]ny other factors which the court may deem appropriate to the ends of justice.” We reject appellant’s argument that the rule of lenity dictates that the statute be construed as precluding the consideration of a conviction older than ten years. As the state points out, there is no ambiguity in the statute; therefore, the rule of lenity does not apply. Moreover, this rule of statutory construction is inapplicable in any event; criminal statutes are to be construed according to “the fair meaning of their terms to promote justice \and effect the objects of the law.” A.R.S. § 13-104; State v. Lammie, 164 Ariz. 377, 380, 793 P.2d 134, 137 (App.1990). In concluding that it could consider the conviction here, the trial court correctly interpreted the sentencing statute. We cannot say that the court’s consideration of the prior conviction here was an abuse of the court’s sentencing discretion. As the court stated at the hearing on the motion for rehearing, it found the prior conviction significant in that it reflected that after more than 14 years, appellant was still dealing in drugs.

Appellant also contends that the trial court should not have considered in aggravation the fact that the offense was committed for pecuniary gain and the involvement of a large quantity of drugs because he only received $1,000 while serving as a midclle man, the trial court should have been “aware that a 123 pound marijuana conspiracy case is in no way an unusually large quantity of drugs” and the court had heard other cases involving much larger quantities. The arguments, presented to and rejected by the trial court, are patently meritless. Based on this record, the trial court properly considered both factors in aggravation.

We have reviewed the entire record for fundamental error and, having found none, we affirm the conviction and sentence.

LIVERMORE, C.J., LACAGNINA, P.J., and HOWARD, J., concur.