Ball v. Comm'r, 163 F.3d 308 (5th Cir. 1998). · Go Syfert
Ball v. Comm'r, 163 F.3d 308 (5th Cir. 1998). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
25 citation events (2 in the last 25 years) across 6 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Johnathon P. Abair & Tiffany D. Abair (tax, 2024-04-10)
Treatment trajectory · 1999 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1999 2012 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 9 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Johnathon P. Abair & Tiffany D. Abair
Tax Ct. · 2024 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
See, e.g., Green v. Commissioner, 507 F.3d at 868 (“Ultimately, the character of the payment hinges on the payor’s dominant reason for making the payment.”); cf. Pipitone v. United States, 180 F.3d 859, 864 (7th Cir. 1999) (“The existence of an agreement that contains a release of undisclosed or potential claims is not sufficient evidence standing on its own to demonstrate that the amounts paid under the agreement are eligible for exclusion under § 104(a)(2).” (citing Ball v. Commissioner, 163 F.3d 308, 309 (5th Cir. 1998), aff’g T.C.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Moralez v. Whole Foods Market, Inc.
N.D. Cal. · 2012 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Cf. Ball v. C.I.R., 163 F.3d 308, 309 (5th Cir.1998) (distinguishing the two types of claims); Smith v. Blue Cross Blue Shield of Kan., Inc., 102 F.3d 1075, 1077-78 (10th Cir.1996) (same).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Untitled Texas Attorney General Opinion (4×) also: Cited "see"
Tex. Att'y Gen. · 2000 · confidence medium
Similarly, Black’s Law Dictionary defines “severance pay” as “[mloney (apart from back wages or salary) paid by an employer to a dismissed employee.” BLACK’SLAWDICTIONARY1379 (7th ed. 1999); accordLubart v. Commissioner, 154 F.3d 539,541 (5th Cir. 1998) (concluding that lump sum payment intended to compensate for lost wages upon early retirement rather than to settle personal injury claims was severance payment); Gujdu v. Commissioner, 158 F.3d 802, 805 (5th Cir. 1998) (same); Ball v. Commissioner, 163 F.3d 308,309 (5thCir. 1998) ( same); Martin v. Mann Merchandising, Inc., 570 S.W…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Daniel C. Greer v. United States
6th Cir. · 2000 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Pipitone, 180 F.3d at 864 (noting that the agreement “is a general release of all claims and makes no specific reference to whether the payment compensated Pipi-tone for personal injuries or sickness”); Ball v. Commissioner, 163 F.3d 308, 309 (5th Cir.1998) (concluding that an agreement releasing a “laundry list” of possible claims is not a settlement for “personal injury or sickness” within § 104).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Greer v. United States
6th Cir. · 2000 · confidence medium
See, e.g., that the agreement “is a general release of all claims and Pipitone, 180 F.3d at 865 ; Lubart, 154 F.3d at 541 . makes no specific reference to whether the payment Specifically, payments are categorized as standard severance compensated Pipitone for personal injuries or sickness”); Ball pay when they are calculated based on the length of the v. Commissioner, 163 F.3d 308, 309 (5th Cir. 1998) terminated employee’s service to the employer (with possible (concluding that an agreement releasing a “laundry list” of bonus allowances for their agreement to sign the waiver) and po…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Green v. CIR
10th Cir. · 1999 · confidence medium
Ball v. Commissioner, 163 F.3d 308, 309 (5th Cir. 1998).
examined Cited "see" Opinion No. (3×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Tex. Att'y Gen. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See Ball , 163 F.3d at 309 ; Lubart , 154 F.3d at 542 ; Black's Law Dictionary 1379 (7th ed. 1999).
discussed Cited "see" Pipitone v. United States
7th Cir. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Ball v. Commissioner, 163 F.3d 308, 309 (5th Cir.1998) (“The case law is substantial, clear, and unanimous to the effect that releases of the broad, generic type signed [by a taxpayer] in connection with the termination of [their] employment — at a time when no claims exist, whether or not previously asserted or articulated — do not fall within the ambit of I.R.C. § 104(a)(2).”).
cited Cited "see" Forste
unknown court · Rob · signal: see · confidence high
See Ball v. Commissioner, 163 F.3d 308 (5th Cir. 1998) , affg.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Harry Neal BALL; Helen Patricia Ball, Petitioners-Appellants,
v.
COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent-Appellee
98-60263.
Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
Dec 31, 1998.
163 F.3d 308
Harry Neal Ball, El Paso, TX, pro se., Helen Patricia Ball, El Paso, TX, pro se., Murray S. Horwitz, Bruce Raleigh Ellisen, U.S. Department of Justice, Tax Division Appellate Section, Charles Casazza, Clerk, Washington, DC, for Respondenb-Appellee.
Jolly, Smith, Wiener.
Cited by 9 opinions  |  Published
WIENER, Circuit Judge.

Petitioners-Appellants Harry Neal Ball and Helen Patricia Ball, husband and wife,[*309] appeal from the judgment of the United States Tax Court (“Tax Court”) holding that $8,705.59 — being one-half of the lump sum separation and severance payment made to Mrs. Ball by her former employer pursuant to a “Separation Agreement” executed contemporaneously with the theretofore unannounced termination of employment by her former employer — should have been included in gross income for the year in which she received the payment. Agreeing with the Tax Court, we affirm.

The Separation Agreement identified the single payment to Mrs. Ball' as comprising equal amounts for separation and for severance. The return position taken by the Balls was that the half attributable to separation, as distinguished from severance, was excludable from gross income under Internal Revenue Code (I.R.C.) § 104(a)(2). They contend that the separation portion of the payment was in settlement of tort-like claims that Mrs. Bell might have against her employer, such as claims for personal injury or sickness. The Tax Court ruled in favor of the Commission, concluding that the entire severance and separation payment was taxable compensation. The Tax Court grounded its holding in the uncontested facts that (1) at the time Mrs. Ball was fired, was handed the Separation Agreement and the Release Agreement, and signed them, she had no claims of any nature, asserted or unasserted, against her former employer — as the Balls have stipulated — and (2) the “laundry list” of the types of federal, state, and local claims that were being released by Mrs. Ball, expressly including without limitation, Title VII, ADEA, EPA, ADA, ERISA, and F&MLA, does not somehow convert the Release Agreement into a settlement of one or more actual claims for personal injury or sickness.

We have carefully reviewed the appellate briefs of the parties, the entire record — including every word of the trial transcript, the Balls’ trial memorandum, and the Tax Court’s Memorandum Findings of Fact and Opinion — and are satisfied that the judgment of the Tax Court must be affirmed for the reasons set forth in its opinion. The applicable section of the I.R.C. clearly requires the existence of a justiciable claim of the type identified therein and an express settlement and disposition of such an extant claim. The ease law is substantial, clear, and unanimous to the effect that releases, of the broad, generic type signed by Mrs. Ball in connection with the termination of her employment — at a time when no claims exist, whether or not previously asserted or articulated — do not fall within the ambit of I.R.C. § 104(a)(2). Consequently, payments of the nature made to Mrs. Ball by her former employer, whether labeled severance or separation, are not excludable from gross income.

AFFIRMED.