Eary v. Commonwealth, 659 S.W.2d 198 (Ky. 1983). · Go Syfert
Eary v. Commonwealth, 659 S.W.2d 198 (Ky. 1983). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
50 citation events (32 in the last 25 years) across 8 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Moore v. Commonwealth (ky, 2015-06-11)
Treatment trajectory · 1985 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1985 2005 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 13 distinct citers. How cited ↗
cited Cited as authority (rule) Moore v. Commonwealth
Ky. · 2015 · confidence medium
Id. (quoting Eary v. Commonwealth, 659 S.W.2d 198, 200 (Ky.1983) (quoting Duvall v. Commonwealth, 593 S.W.2d 884, 886 (Ky.App.1979))).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Oro-Jimenez v. Commonwealth
Ky. · 2013 · confidence medium
Eary v. Commonwealth, 659 S.W.2d 198, 199-200 (Ky.1983) (quoting Jackson v. Commonwealth, 650 S.W.2d 250, 251 (Ky.1983)).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Posey v. Commonwealth (6×) also: Cited "see"
Ky. · 2006 · confidence medium
"We hold that [KRS 527.040] is ... a valid exercise of the police power of the Commonwealth *187 of Kentucky." Eary v. Commonwealth, 659 S.W.2d 198, 200 (Ky.1983).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. Hirsch/Friend
Or. · 2005 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Baker v. State, 747NE2d 633, 637 (Ind App 2001) (holding, under police-power rationale, that statute prohibiting possession of handgun by serious violent offender was constitutional under Indiana’s right to bear arms provision); Eary v. *649 Commonwealth, 659 SW2d 198, 200 (Ky 1983) (holding that statute prohibiting felons from possessing handguns was constitutional under Kentucky’s right to bear arms provision); People v. Swint, 225 Mich App 353, 374-75 , 572 NW2d 666 (1997), cert dismissed, 459 Mich 931 (1998) (holding, under police-power rationale, that prohibiting felons fro…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. Kelly
Ariz. Ct. App. · 2005 · confidence medium
In Eary v. Commonwealth, 659 S.W.2d 198, 200 (Ky.1983), the Kentucky Supreme Court interpreted the Kentucky prohibited possessor statute, which provided: A person is guilty of possession of a handgun by a convicted felon when he possesses, manufactures, or transports a handgun when he has been convicted of a felony, as defined by the laws of the jurisdiction in which he was convicted, in any state or federal court and has not: (a) Been granted a full pardon by the governor or by the president of the United States; or (b) Been granted relief by the United States secretary of the treasury pursua…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State of Arizona v. Seymour Jameel Abdullah
Ariz. Ct. App. · 2005 · confidence medium
In Eary v. Commonwealth, 659 S.W.2d 198, 200 (Ky. 1983), the Kentucky Supreme Court interpreted the Kentucky prohibited possessor statute, which provided: A person is guilty of possession of a handgun by a convicted felon when he possesses, manufactures, or transports a handgun when he has been convicted of a felony, as defined by the laws of the jurisdiction in which he was convicted, in any state or federal court and has not: (a) Been granted a full pardon by the governor or by the president of the United States; or (b) Been granted relief by the United States secretary of the treasury pursu…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Shabazz v. Commonwealth
Ky. · 2005 · confidence medium
Eary v. Commonwealth, 659 S.W.2d 198, 200 (Ky.1983) (quoting Duvall v. Commonwealth, 593 S.W.2d 884, 886 (Ky.App.1979)). 20 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Parson v. Commonwealth (2×)
Ky. · 2004 · confidence medium
See also Commonwealth v. Grimes, Ky., 698 S.W.2d 836, 837 (1985) (penalty for second offense controlled substance conviction could be further enhanced under PFO statute where the prior offense used for PFO enhancement was not the same prior offense used to prove that the underlying controlled substance offense was a second offense); Eary v. Commonwealth, Ky., 659 S.W.2d 198, 200 (1983) (penalty for conviction of possession of a handgun by a convicted felon, KRS 527.040, could be further enhanced under PFO statute where prior felony conviction used to prove the convicted felon element of the un…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Gray v. Commonwealth
Ky. · 1998 · confidence medium
However, “[w]hen a single prior felony is used to create an offense or enhance a punishment of the second crime so created or enhanced, it may not be used again at that trial to prosecute the defendant under the PFO statute.” Grimes at 837 ; Eary v. Commonwealth, Ky., 659 S.W.2d 198, 199-200 (1983); Jackson v. Commonwealth, Ky., 650 S.W.2d 250, 251 (1983); Gorman v. Commonwealth, Ky.App., 908 S.W.2d 122, 123 (1995).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. Mendoza (2×)
Haw. · 1996 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Sklar v. Byrne, 727 F.2d 633, 637 (7th Cir.1984) (discussing the Illinois Constitution); Bristow v. State, 418 So.2d 927, 930 (Ala.Cr.App.), cert. denied (Ala.1982); Dano v. Collins, 166 Ariz. 322 , 802 P.2d 1021, 1022-23 (Ct.App.1990), review denied, 167 Ariz. 535 , 809 P.2d 960 (1991); Fife v. State, 31 Ark. 455, 460 (1876); Rabbitt v. Leonard, 36 Conn.Supp. 108 , 413 A.2d 489, 490 (1979); Rinzler v. Carson, 262 So.2d 661, 665-66 (Fla.1972); Landers v. State, 250 Ga. 501 , 299 S.E.2d 707, 709 (1983); Carson v. State, 241 Ga. 622 , 247 S.E.2d 68, 72 (1978); State v. Grob, 107 Idaho…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hubert Ringo v. John Rees and David Armstrong, Attorney General of Kentucky, Respondents
6th Cir. · 1988 · confidence medium
Seventh: The right to bear arms in defense of themselves and of the state." However, in Eary v. Commonwealth, 659 S.W.2d 198, 200 (1983) the Supreme Court of Kentucky upheld the constitutionality of the statute.
discussed Cited "see" Wheeler v. Commonwealth (2×)
Ky. · 2003 · signal: see · confidence high
See Jackson v. Commonwealth, Ky., 650 S.W.2d 250 (1983) and Eary v. Commonwealth, Ky., 659 S.W.2d 198 (1983).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Nicholas Edward Godfrey v. Federal Bureau of Investigation, CJIS, NICS SECTION, et al.
E.D. Ky. · 2026 · signal: see also · confidence medium
Stat. § 527.040 is facially constitutional under the Second Amendment); see also Eary v. Commonwealth, 659 S.W.2d 198, 200 (Ky.1983) (“It is our opinion that a statute limiting the possession of firearms by persons who, by their past commission of serious felonies, have demonstrated a dangerous disregard for the law and thereby present a threat of further criminal activity is reasonable legislation in the interest of public welfare and safety and that such regulation is constitutionally permissible as a reasonable and legitimate exercise of the police power.”) Godfrey’s preemption argum…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Freddie EARY, Movant,
v.
COMMONWEALTH of Kentucky, Respondent
Kentucky Supreme Court.
Aug 31, 1983.
659 S.W.2d 198
Jack Emory Farley, Public Advocate, Rodney McDaniel, Asst. Public Advocate, Frankfort, for movant., Steven L. Beshear, Atty. Gen., K. Gail Leeco, Asst. Atty. Gen., Frankfort, for respondent.
Gant, Vance.
Cited by 29 opinions  |  Published
GANT, Justice.

Movant was convicted on a two-count indictment of possession of a handgun by a convicted felon, KRS 527.040, and of being a persistent felony offender in the first degree, KRS 532.080. His sentence was fixed at 15 years imprisonment.

This case is another of those spawned by the previous holdings of this court in Boulder v. Commonwealth, Ky., 610 S.W.2d 615 (1980), and Heady v. Commonwealth, Ky., 597 S.W.2d 613 (1980). In his first assignment of error, movant complains that his “status” as a felon was used to create the crime and then used again to enhance his punishment, constituting a violation of his constitutional guarantee against double jeopardy and denying him due process of law.

This case is clearly distinguishable from Boulder, supra, on its facts, and constitutes another problem arising from the unfortunate use of the word “status.” In Boulder, the defendant had a lone prior conviction, which was utilized both to create the crime and to enhance the punishment, while in the instant case Eary had been previously convicted of four felonies, viz., first-degree burglary, first-degree bail jumping, storehouse breaking and possession of burglary tools. Only the previous conviction for bail jumping was utilized for the purpose of creating the offense of carrying a handgun by a convicted felon. The other three convictions were utilized subsequently at the persistent felony stage of the trial. We find no error in this procedure. We have clearly stated our position relating to the holding of Boulder in Jackson v. Commonwealth, Ky., 650 S.W.2d 250, 251 (1983), as follows:

The holding in Boulder, when the sur-plusage is distilled, is merely that when a single prior felony is utilized to create an offense or enhance a punishment at the trial of the second crime so created or enhanced, it may not be used at that trial [*200] to prosecute the defendant under KRS 532.080. We are unwilling to further extend that holding.

Where a defendant is convicted at his trial for possession of a handgun by a convicted felon and has been previously convicted of more than one prior felony, those convictions in excess of that for a single felony may be utilized for the purpose of persistent felony offender sentencing pursuant to KRS 532.080.

The second issue raised by movant is the failure of the Commonwealth to prove what he describes as essential elements of the crime. The entire applicable provisions of that statute are as follows:

KRS 527.040 — Possession of a handgun by a convicted felon. — Exceptions—(1) A person is guilty of possession of a handgun by a convicted felon when he possesses, manufactures, or transports a handgun when he has been convicted of a felony, as defined by the laws of the jurisdiction in which he was convicted, in any state or federal court and has not:
(a) Been granted a full pardon by the governor or by the president of the United States; or
(b) Been granted relief by the United States secretary of the treasury pursuant to the Federal Gun Control Act of 1968, as amended.

Admittedly, the Commonwealth did not prove that the movant had not been granted a pardon nor granted relief under the gun control act. However, it is our opinion that Duvall v. Commonwealth, Ky.App., 593 S.W.2d 884, 886 (1979), is dispositive, where that court held:

In dealing with the interpretation of KRS 527.040, the offense for which appellant was convicted, we hold that the elements of the crime therein charged are (1) possession of a handgun (2) by a convicted felon. We cannot and do not adopt appellant’s argument that the words ‘and has not (a) Been granted a full pardon by the governor or by the President of the United States’ are an element of the crime which must be proved before conviction can be sustained. Rather, this is a negative issue.
It is a general rule running through the law of evidence that where the negative of an issue does not permit of direct proof, or where the facts are more immediately within the knowledge of the defendant, the burden of proving that such averment is not true rests upon him. (Citation omitted)

It is our further holding that the provisions concerning KRS 527.040(l)(b) concerning relief by the Secretary of the Treasury under the gun control act are equally negative in nature, within the peculiar knowledge of the defendant himself, and that the burden of such proof does not rest upon the Commonwealth.

The remaining issue which we will confront is the contention of the movant that the statute in question — KRS 527.040 —is unconstitutional, as it conflicts with § 1(7) of the Kentucky Constitution, which section grants to all men “[t]he right to bear arms in defense of themselves .... ” This specious argument is almost patently meritless and would not warrant comment except that both movant and respondent state that it is a point of first impression in this jurisdiction. We hold that the statute is constitutional as a valid exercise of the police power of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. It is our opinion that a statute limiting the possession of firearms by persons who, by their past commission of serious felonies, have demonstrated a dangerous disregard for the law and thereby present a threat of further criminal activity is reasonable legislation in the interest of public welfare and safety and that such regulation is constitutionally permissible as a reasonable and legitimate exercise of the police power. See State v. Amos, La., 343 So.2d 166 (1977); Stevens v. United States, 440 F.2d 144 (6th Cir.1971); Nelson v. State, Fla., 195 So.2d 853 (1967)

The other argument of the movant is without merit.

[*201] The judgment of the Fayette Circuit Court and the decision of the Court of Appeals are affirmed.

All concur except VANCE, J., not sitting.