Alvarez v. Ashcroft, 155 F. App'x 393 (10th Cir. 2005). · Go Syfert
Alvarez v. Ashcroft, 155 F. App'x 393 (10th Cir. 2005). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“mere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create 'terror of instant and unexpected death.”
65 citation events (65 in the last 25 years) across 5 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Wilmot v. Neosho County Jail (ksd, 2020-01-03)
Treatment trajectory · 2009 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2009 2017 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Wilmot v. Neosho County Jail
D. Kan. · 2020 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
mere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create 'terror of instant and unexpected death.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Patric Gary Patterson v. Jeff Montagne, et al.
D. Kan. · 2026 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Henry Joseph Jaquez v. Cherokee County, John Bennett, Haley Robison, Rachel Marie Dallis, Johnny Dallis, Chris Shrum, Thomas Scroggins, Dayna Cohen, Sawyer Wyse, Richard Sourjohn, Jeremy Huff, Megan Ford, Tamera Summers, Sylvia Holmes and Robert Jones
E.D. Okla. · 2026 · confidence medium
Additionally, “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not raise to the level of constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Justin M. Lucero v. Sedgwick County Sheriff’s Office
D. Kan. · 2026 · confidence medium
Foster threatened inmates by telling Plaintiff and two other inmates that he was going to open their doors and let them “box.” The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Justin M. Lucero v. Sedgwick County Sheriff’s Office
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
Foster threatened inmates by telling Plaintiff and two other inmates that he was going to open their doors and let them “box.” The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Terrell Jovan Parker v. J. Kidd, et al.
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
“Mere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Durayle Jackson v. Emmit Lockridge, et al.
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Parker v. Kidd
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
“Mere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Gross v. Peterson
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992); see also McBride v. Deer, 240 F.3d 1287 , at 1291 n.3 (10th Cir. 2001) (“[A]cts or omissions resulting in an inmate being subjec…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jenkins (ID 109454) v. Aramark Food Services
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
Kan.). of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Parker v. Kidd
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
However, the Tenth Circuit has made clear that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jenkins (ID 109454) v. Aramark Food Services
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Gross v. Peterson
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992); see also McBride v. Deer, 240 F.3d 1287 , at 1291 n.3 (10th Cir. 2001) (“[A]cts or omissions resulting in an inmate being subjec…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jenkins (ID 100693) v. McClain
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
In addition, the Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jones v. Douglas County Board of Commissioners
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
As the Court found in the MOSC, the Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jones v. Douglas County Board of Commissioners
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jenkins (ID 100693) v. McClain
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
In addition, the Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jackson v. Lockridge
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Vann v. Fewell
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
Sage received a call regarding Plaintiff’s mother’s passing on October 16, 2019, and asked “Mental Health Jenna” to tell Plaintiff.128 The next day Plaintiff was unaware of his mother’s passing when he was escorted to sign the papers dealing with the care of his mother’s 126 Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)). 127 See, e.g., id. (threats that officer would “burn this guy”); McBride v. Deer, 240 F.3d 1287, 1291 (10th Cir. 2001) (threats of being sprayed with mace); Walker v. Young, …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jackson v. Lockridge
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Terry (ID 119172) v. Kansas Department of Corrections
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
The Court also found that the Tenth Circuit has held that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Arizon v. Ford County Jail
D. Kan. · 2025 · confidence medium
In addition, the Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Terry (ID 119172) v. Kansas Department of Corrections
D. Kan. · 2024 · confidence medium
The Court also found that the Tenth Circuit has held that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Adams (ID 117388) v. Kincaid
D. Kan. · 2024 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Adams (ID 117388) v. Kincaid
D. Kan. · 2024 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Mallett v. Soldan
D. Kan. · 2024 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Gibson v. Thaxton
D. Kan. · 2024 · confidence medium
To the extent that Plaintiff intends to assert that the comments by Defendants Kemschmidt, Towne, or Jolly were punishment, the Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” See Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. Appx. 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (quoting Northington, 973 F.2d at 1524 ).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Stauch (ID 129417) v. Zmuda
D. Kan. · 2024 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992). 7.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Morris v. Curry County Adult Detention Center
D.N.M. · 2024 · confidence medium
An exception exists where the verbal harassment “suggest[s] a show of deadly force, thus” creating a “terror of instant and unexpected death.” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Walburn v. Brandt
D. Kan. · 2023 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Linton v. Brandt
D. Kan. · 2023 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hailes (ID 39699) v. Kelly
D. Kan. · 2023 · confidence medium
As the Court advised Plaintiff in the MOSC, the Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Walburn v. Brandt
D. Kan. · 2023 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Linton v. Brandt
D. Kan. · 2023 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hailes (ID 39699) v. Kelly
D. Kan. · 2023 · confidence medium
Verbal Threats Plaintiff alleges that a CO called him a “bitch.” The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hughes (ID 105577) v. Graham
D. Kan. · 2023 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Walters v. Sedgwick County, Kansas, Board of Commissioners
D. Kan. · 2023 · confidence medium
(Doc. 6, at 28.) The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) McMillan (ID 111775) v. Alexander
D. Kan. · 2023 · confidence medium
“Mere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alavarez v. Gonzales, 155 Fed.Appx. 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005)(citing Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Martin v. Great Bend Police Department
D. Kan. · 2023 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hughes (ID 105577) v. Graham
D. Kan. · 2023 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kinnard (ID 83386) v. Kansas Department of Corrections
D. Kan. · 2023 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Ahmed v. Donley
D. Kan. · 2022 · confidence medium
Plaintiff alleges that Jergenson verbally harassed him after the attack, but “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 Fed.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Reed v. Dehamers
D. Kan. · 2022 · confidence medium
The Court found in the MOSC that the Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Reed v. Dehamers
D. Kan. · 2022 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Green v. Montgomery County Jail
D. Kan. · 2022 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 Fed.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Wicks v. Winger
D. Kan. · 2022 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Crawford v. Grote
D. Kan. · 2022 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Vos v. Long
D. Kan. · 2021 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment) (quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Gauthier v. Hunt
W.D. Okla. · 2021 · confidence medium
“Mere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alavarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App’x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (citing Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Langston (ID 124166) v. Friend
D. Kan. · 2021 · confidence medium
The Tenth Circuit has found that “[m]ere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create ‘terror of instant and unexpected death.’” Alvarez v. Gonzales, 155 F. App'x 393, 396 (10th Cir. 2005) (finding no constitutionally protected right where plaintiff claimed guard antagonized him with sexually inappropriate comment), quoting Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1992).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Alfredo ALVAREZ, Petitioner-Appellant,
v.
Alberto R. GONZALES, and T.C. Peterson, Warden Defendants-Appellees
05-6129.
Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.
Nov 10, 2005.
155 F. App'x 393
Alfredo Alvarez, USP-McCreary, Pine Knot, KY, pro se.
Kelly, O'Brien, Tymkovich.
Cited by 59 opinions  |  Unpublished

ORDER AND JUDGMENT ***

TYMKOVICH, Circuit Judge.

Plaintiff-Appellant Alfredo Alvarez, a federal prisoner appearing pro se, appeals the district court’s dismissal of his civil rights complaints. Alvarez also seeks appointment of counsel. We affirm the district court’s order and deny the motion for appointment of counsel.

I. Background

Alvarez filed a Bivens action against various federal officials arising from his incarceration at the Federal Correctional Institution in El Reno, Oklahoma. He alleges numerous constitutional -violations suffered during his confinement in El Reno as well as violations of the protections afforded by Article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. Upon the magistrate judge’s recommendation, the district court denied each of Alvarez’s claims. Because the parties are familiar with the facts, we will not restate them here.

II. Analysis

We construe a pro se plaintiffs complaint liberally. Haines v. Kemer, 404 U.S. 519, 520-21, 92 S.Ct. 594, 30 L.Ed.2d 652 (1972). Nonetheless, 28 U.S.C. § 1915A acts as a barrier to a prisoner’s suit if it is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim for which relief can be granted. We review the district court’s dismissal under § 1915A de novo. McBride v. Deer, 240 F.3d 1287, 1289 (10th Cir.2001).

A Failure to Provide Adequate Medical Treatment

Alvarez first claims damages and equitable relief based on the alleged failure of prison officials to provide him with adequate medical treatment following an eye injury incurred while on work duty in El Reno. As the district court found, Alvarez’s claim fails for one basic reason: the compensation benefits provided for by 18 U.S.C. § 4126(c)(4) constitute the exclusive remedy for “injuries suffered ... in any work activity in connection with the maintenance or operation of the institution [in which the inmates are] confined.” 18 U.S.C. § 4126(c)(4); see United States v. Demko, 385 U.S. 149, 153, 87 S.Ct. 382, 17 L.Ed.2d 258 (1966) (accepting § 4126 “as an adequate substitute for a system of recovery by common-law torts”); United States v. Gomez, 378 F.2d 938, 939 (10th Cir.1967) (per curiam) (holding that § 4126[*396] “constitute^ the exclusive remedy for injuries received by federal prisoners while performing assigned prison tasks”). The § 4126 remedy includes claims that subsequent negligence or inadequate medical care caused further injury. 28 C.F.R. § 301.301(b) (2005) (noting that the statute applies to inmates receiving “improper medical treatment of a work-related injury”).

Accordingly, Alvarez is barred from litigating his Bivens claim since the cause of his original injury was work-related and compensable only under 18 U.S.C. § 4126.

B. Harassment, Threats, and Abuse

Alvarez next claims damages and equitable relief based on alleged harassment, threats, and verbal abuse by prison officials. He claims that a prison officer stated to another officer that he would “burn this guy.” Additionally, he alleges that another prison official antagonized him with a sexually inappropriate comment. Mere verbal threats or harassment do not rise to the level of a constitutional violation unless they create “terror of instant and unexpected death.” Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir.1992). Here, the officers’ comments, although inappropriate, do not suggest a show of deadly force, thus failing to create “terror of instant and unexpected death.”

Accordingly, without allegations of greater harms, Alvarez fails to assert a constitutionally protected right.

C. Retaliation

Alvarez next claims that his administrative complaint regarding inadequate medical treatment provoked retaliation from prison guards. He claims that after he filed his complaint, prison guards questioned him regarding allegations of knife possession; however, the investigation never resulted in any action against Alvarez. He also alleges that his monthly salary for work duty was unjustifiably reduced.

In order to state a valid claim of retaliation, a plaintiff must “allege specific facts showing retaliation [on account] of the exercise of the prisoner’s constitutional rights,” Frazier v. Dubois, 922 F.2d 560, 562 n. 1 (10th Cir.1990), and “prove that ‘but for’ the retaliatory motive, the incidents to which [the inmate] refers, including the disciplinary action, would not have taken place.” Smith v. Maschner, 899 F.2d 940, 949-50 (10th Cir.1990). Alvarez alleges no fact that could establish the questioning “would not have taken place” but for his administrative complaint. Therefore, the district court properly dismissed Alvarez’s claim.

D. Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, Article 36

Alvarez finally claims that he has been denied the protections afforded by Article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (VCCR), namely that as a foreign national he had a right to consular assistance following his arrest in August 1997. See VCCR art. 36, Apr. 24, 1963, 21 U.S.T. 77, 596 U.N.T.S. 261 (requiring officials upon request of the defendant to “inform the consular post of the sending state if ... a national of that state is arrested or committed to prison .... The said authority shall inform the person concerned without delay of [these] rights.”). He argues that a Bivens claim arises from that denial.

Neither the Supreme Court nor this circuit has held that Article 36 confers individually enforceable rights. On the contrary, both courts have consistently concluded that remedies for Article 36 violations in criminal proceedings, such as suppression of evidence or dismissal of an[*397] indictment, are inappropriate or that procedural rules preclude courts from considering the issue. See Medellin v. Dretke, — U.S. —, 125 S.Ct. 2088, 161 L.Ed.2d 982 (2005) (dismissing writ as improvidently granted); Breard v. Greene, 528 U.S. 871, 376, 118 S.Ct. 1352, 140 L.Ed.2d 529 (1998) (per curiam) (noting that Article 36 “arguably confers on an individual the right to consular assistance following arrest,” yet ultimately holding that a procedural default prevented the claim from being heard); United States v. Minjares-Alvarez, 264 F.3d 980, 986 (10th Cir.2001) (suppression); United States v. Chanthadara, 230 F.3d 1237, 1255-56 (10th Cir.2000) (same). Numerous other circuits have reached the same conclusion. See United States v. Li, 206 F.3d 56, 60 (1st Cir.2000) (suppression and dismissal); United States v. De La Pava, 268 F.3d 157, 165 (2d Cir.2001) (dismissal); Murphy v. Netherlands 116 F.3d 97, 100 (4th Cir.1997) (procedural default); United States v. Lawal, 231 F.3d 1045, 1048 (7th Cir.2000) (suppression); United States v. Ortiz, 315 F.3d 873, 886 (8th Cir .2002) (suppression); United States v. Lombera-Camorlinga, 206 F.3d 882, 885 (9th Cir.2000) (en banc) (suppression); United States v. Duarte-Acero, 296 F.3d 1277, 1281-82 (11th Cir. 2002) (dismissal). In contrast, only two circuits have definitively held that, in the context of a criminal proceeding, Article 36 does not confer an individual right. United States v. Jimenez-Nava, 243 F.3d 192, 198 (5th Cir.2001); United States v. Emuegbunam, 268 F.3d 377, 394 (6th Cir. 2001).

Here, Alvarez recasts the traditional Article 36 claim, alleging instead a private civil action for damages independent of the criminal proceeding. Thus far, only the Seventh Circuit has addressed such a novel claim, holding that the defendant had a private § 1983 right of action under Article 36. Jogi v. Voges, 425 F.3d 367, 385 (7th Cir.2005).

Despite the legal uncertainty, we nonetheless need not address the merits of this claim here. Even if a Bivens claim could arise under Article 36, Alvarez’s claim is barred by the applicable limitations period. As noted in Article 36, any rights “shall be exercised in conformity with the laws and regulations of the receiving State subject to the proviso, however, that the said laws and regulations must enable full effect to be given to the purposes for which the rights accorded under this Article are intended.” VCCR; see Breard, 523 U.S. at 375, 118 S.Ct. 1352 (holding that “absent a clear and express statement to the contrary, the procedural rules of the forum State govern the implementation of the treaty in that State”). Bivens actions “borrow the general personal injury limitations statute in the state where the action arose.” Van Tu v. Roster, 364 F.3d 1196, 1198 (10th Cir.2004).

Based on applicable Oklahoma law two years were available during which Alvarez could have brought his claim. Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 95(A)(3) (2004) (imposing a two-year limitations period for a civil “action for injury to the rights of another, not arising on contract____”). Although the record is unclear as to the exact date Alvarez was convicted, he has been incarcerated for approximately eight years. Therefore, since Alvarez’s cause of action accrued, if at all, more than two years prior to June 24, 2004, the date when he filed his complaint, Alvarez’s claim is time barred.

In conjunction with this claim, Alvarez also alleges constitutional deprivations during his arrest and prosecution, such as denial of the rights to effective, assistance of counsel and due process, and requests monetary compensation based on[*398] those allegations. Alvarez’s conclusory allegations require us to assume that his conviction was obtained in violation of the Constitution, which we cannot do under Heck v. Humphrey since his conviction has not been disturbed. See 512 U.S. 477, 486-487, 114 S.Ct. 2364, 129 L.Ed.2d 383 (1994) (holding that a plaintiff bringing a § 1983 action to recover damages for an allegedly unconstitutional conviction “must prove that the conviction or sentence has been reversed on direct appeal, expunged by executive order, declared invalid by a state tribunal authorized to make such determination, or called into question by a federal court’s issuance of a writ of habeas corpus”).

Because Alvarez’s conviction remains undisturbed, the district court properly dismissed this claim.

III. Conclusion

Accordingly, we AFFIRM the order of the district court for substantially the same reasons given by the magistrate judge and the district court, DENY the request for an order of injunction, and DENY the motion for appointment of counsel.

***

This order is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders; nevertheless, an order may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.