People v. James, 903 N.E.2d 261 (NY 2008). · Go Syfert
People v. James, 903 N.E.2d 261 (NY 2008). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
42 citation events (42 in the last 25 years) across 2 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: People v. Mitchell (nyappdiv, 2026-03-27)
Treatment trajectory · 2009 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2009 2017 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 24 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Mitchell
N.Y. App. Div. · 2026 · confidence medium
To establish entitlement to a charge on a lesser included offense, "a defendant must show both that the greater crime cannot be committed without having concomitantly committed the lesser by the same conduct, and that a reasonable view of the evidence supports a finding that [the defendant] committed the lesser, but not the greater, offense" ( People v James , 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]; see People v Van Norstrand , 85 NY2d 131, 135 [1995]; People v Glover , 57 NY2d 61, 63 [1982]; see also CPL 1.20 [37]; 300.50 [1]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Brown
N.Y. App. Div. · 2026 · confidence medium
"To establish a charge on a lesser included offense, a defendant must show both that the greater crime cannot be committed without having concomitantly committed the lesser by the same conduct, and that a reasonable view of the evidence supports a finding that [they] committed the lesser, but not the greater, offense" ( People v James , 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Swift
N.Y. App. Div. · 2021 · confidence medium
To be entitled to a charge on a lesser included offense, "a defendant must show both that the greater crime cannot be committed without having concomitantly committed the lesser by the same conduct, and that a reasonable view of the evidence supports a finding that he or she committed the lesser, but not the greater, offense" ( People v James , 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]; see People v Glover , 57 NY2d 61, 63 [1982]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Strong
N.Y. App. Div. · 2019 · confidence medium
"To establish a charge on a lesser included offense, a defendant must show both that the greater crime cannot be committed without having concomitantly committed the lesser by the same conduct, and that a reasonable view of the evidence supports a finding that he or she committed the lesser, but not the greater, offense" ( People v James , 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Rodriguez
N.Y. App. Div. · 2018 · confidence medium
The court properly denied defendant's request to submit third-degree assault as a lesser included offense, because there was no reasonable view of the evidence, viewed most favorably to defendant, that he assaulted his girlfriend negligently or recklessly rather than intentionally ( see generally People v James , 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. McIntosh
N.Y. App. Div. · 2018 · confidence medium
To establish entitlement to a charge on a lesser included offense, "a defendant must show both that the greater crime cannot be committed without having concomitantly committed the lesser by the same conduct, and that a reasonable view of the evidence supports a finding that he or she committed the lesser, but not the greater, offense" ( People v James , 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]; see People v Van Norstrand , 85 NY2d 131, 135 [1995]; People v Glover , 57 NY2d 61, 63 [1982]; see also CPL 1.20 [37]; 300.50 [1]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Cuatlal
N.Y. App. Div. · 2017 · confidence medium
To be entitled to a charge on a lesser-included offense, a defendant must establish that (1) it was impossible to commit the greater crime without concomitantly committing the lesser offense by the same conduct, and (2) there is a reasonable view of the evidence to support a finding that the defendant committed the lesser offense but not the greater (see CPL 300.50 [1]; People v James, 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]; People v Van Norstrand, 85 NY2d 131, 135 [1995]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Grayson
N.Y. App. Div. · 2016 · confidence medium
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to defendant, there is no reasonable view of the evidence that could lead to the conclusion that it was unreasonable for the bank teller to believe that defendant had a gun, given his conduct of concealing his face during the robbery, indicating by note that he had a gun and thereafter consciously placing his hands in his pockets (see People v James, 11 NY3d 886, 887-888 [2008]; People v Ruiz, 216 AD2d 63, 63-64 [1995], affd 87 NY2d 1027 [1996]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Mack
N.Y. App. Div. · 2015 · confidence medium
In order to establish, entitlement to a charge on a lesser included offense, “a defendant must show both that the greater crime cannot be committed without having concomitantly committed the lesser by the same conduct, and that a reasonable view of the evidence supports a finding that he or she committed the lesser, but not the greater, offense” (People v James, 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]; see People v Van Norstrand, 85 NY2d 131, 135 [1995]; People v Glover, 57 NY2d 61, 63 [1982]; see also CPL 1.20 [37]; 300.50 [1], [2]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Mack
N.Y. App. Div. · 2015 · confidence medium
In order to establish, entitlement to a charge on a lesser included offense, “a defendant must show both that the greater crime cannot be committed without having concomitantly committed the lesser by the same conduct, and that a reasonable view of the evidence supports a finding that he or she committed the lesser, but not the greater, offense” (People v James, 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]; see People v Van Norstrand, 85 NY2d 131, 135 [1995]; People v Glover, 57 NY2d 61, 63 [1982]; see also CPL 1.20 [37]; 300.50 [1], [2]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Lowery
N.Y. App. Div. · 2015 · confidence medium
To be entitled to a charge on a lesser-included offense, a defendant must establish that (1) it was impossible to commit the greater crime without concomitantly committing the lesser offense by the same conduct, and (2) there is a reasonable view of the evidence to support a finding that the defendant committed the lesser offense but not the greater (see CPL 300.50 [1]; People v James, 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]; People v Van Norstrand, 85 NY2d 131, 136 [1995]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Simons
N.Y. App. Div. · 2015 · confidence medium
There was no reasonable view of the evidence, viewed most favorably to defendant, that he committed the corresponding greater offenses without wielding at least one object that qualified as a dangerous instrument under the statutory definition and the facts presented (see People v James, 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Minard
N.Y. App. Div. · 2015 · confidence medium
Accordingly, the County Court properly denied the defendant’s request to charge attempted robbery in the third degree as a lesser included offense of attempted robbery in the first degree (see People v Rivera, 23 NY3d at 121 ; People v James, 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]; People v Scarborough, 49 NY2d 364, 372 [1980]; People v Mitchell, 59 AD3d 739 [2009]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Wright
N.Y. App. Div. · 2014 · confidence medium
To establish entitlement to a charge on a lesser included offense, a defendant must show both that the greater crime cannot be committed without having concomitantly committed the lesser by the same conduct, and that a reasonable view of the evidence supports a finding that he or she committed the lesser, but not the greater, offense (see CPL 1.20 [37]; 300.50 [1], [2]; People v James, 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]; People v Barney, 99 NY2d 367, 371 [2003]; People v Van Norstrand, 85 NY2d 131, 135 [1995]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. McNeill
N.Y. App. Div. · 2013 · confidence medium
We conclude that there was no reasonable view of the evidence that defendant committed robbery in the third degree and not robbery in the first degree inasmuch as there was no evidence that defendant used physical force other than the threatened use of a knife, i.e., a dangerous instrument (see Penal Law §§ 10.00 [13]; 160.15 [3]), to steal the property (see People v James, 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. McNeill
N.Y. App. Div. · 2013 · confidence medium
We conclude that there was no reasonable view of the evidence that defendant committed robbery in the third degree and not robbery in the first degree inasmuch as there was no evidence that defendant used physical force other than the threatened use of a knife, i.e., a dangerous instrument (see Penal Law §§ 10.00 [13]; 160.15 [3]), to steal the property (see People v James, 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Roberts
N.Y. App. Div. · 2010 · confidence medium
The defendant contends that the Supreme Court erred in denying Ms request to charge the jury with manslaughter in the first degree (see Penal Law § 125.20 [1]) as a lesser-included offense (see CPL 300.50 [1]; People v James, 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]; People v Stevens, 186 AD2d 832 [1992]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Bryant
N.Y. App. Div. · 2010 · confidence medium
The defendant contends that the Supreme Court erred in denying his request to charge manslaughter in the second degree, arguing that the jury could have concluded that his actions were reckless rather than intentional (see People v James, 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]; People v Green, 56 NY2d 427 [1982]; cf. People v Dennis, 208 AD2d 945 [1994]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Sostre
N.Y. App. Div. · 2010 · confidence medium
The defendant contends that the Supreme Court erred in denying his request to charge the jury with manslaughter in the first degree (see Penal Law § 125.20 [1]) as a lesser-included offense, arguing that the jury reasonably could have concluded that the defendant intended to cause serious physical injury and not death (see CPL 300.50 [1]; People v James, 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]; People v Green, 56 NY2d 427 [1982]; People v Dennis, 208 AD2d 945, 946 [1994]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Davis (2×)
NY · 2009 · confidence medium
Indeed, we have recently and repeatedly reaffirmed this aspect of Glover 's holding ( People v James, 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008] [applying the Glover test]; People v Miller, 6 NY3d 295, 302-303 [2006] [clearly stating that "we have no intention of departing from Glover "]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) People v. McNeil
N.Y. App. Div. · 2009 · confidence medium
No other evidence, viewed reasonably, contradicted that testimony” (People v James, 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]).
discussed Cited "see" People v. Vasquez
N.Y. App. Div. · 2015 · signal: see · confidence high
The Supreme Court properly denied the defendant’s request to charge the jury with assault in the third degree (Penal Law § 120.00 [1], [2], [3]), as a lesser included offense of assault in the second degree (CPL 1.20 [37]; 300.50 [1]; see People v Conway, 6 NY3d 869, 871-872 [2006]; People v Rodriguez, 73 AD3d 815, 816 [2010]; People v House, 278 AD2d 244, 245 [2000]; People v Long, 259 AD2d 634 [1999]; see generally People v James, 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]; People v Barney, 99 NY2d 367, 371 [2003]; People v Van Norstrand, 85 NY2d 131, 135 [1995]).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." People v. Carl
N.Y. App. Div. · 2020 · signal: see also · confidence medium
Attempted robbery in the third degree as charged in the SCI ( see Penal Law §§ 110.00, 160.05) is a lesser included offense of robbery in the first degree as charged in the felony complaint ( see CPL 1.20 [37]; see also People v James , 11 NY3d 886, 888 [2008]).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." People v. Magnum
N.Y. App. Div. · 2011 · signal: see also · confidence low
The victim was certain that defendant displayed what appeared to be a pistol, and there was no identifiable record basis upon which the jury might have reasonably differentiated between segments of the victim’s testimony (see People v Negron, 91 NY2d 788, 792-793 [1998]; see also People v James, 11 NY3d 886 [2008]).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
The People of the State of New York, Respondent,
v.
Tebrue James, Appellant
New York Court of Appeals.
Dec 18, 2008.
903 N.E.2d 261
APPEARANCES OF COUNSEL, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York City (Barbara Zolot and Robert S. Dean of counsel), for appellant., Robert M. Morgenthau, District Attorney, New York City (Christopher P. Marinetti and Alan Gadlin of counsel), for respondent.
Kaye and Judges Ciparick, Graffeo Read, Smith, Pigott and Jones Concur.
Cited by 40 opinions  |  Published

OPINION OF THE COURT

Memorandum.

The order of the Appellate Division should be affirmed. Because there was no reasonable view of the evidence to sup[*887] port a conviction of the lesser included offense of robbery in the third degree (Penal Law § 160.05), Supreme Court did not err in declining to submit that charge to the jury.

Defendant and three companions—Davis, Scott and Flores— approached the victim as he left his high school in Manhattan. After briefly conversing with him, Scott and Flores crossed the street to act as lookouts, while defendant and Davis closely surrounded and backed him against a wall. Defendant pressed his hip into the victim’s waist, revealing what appeared to be a gun. At trial, the victim testified that he clearly saw the barrel and handle of a black gun. Defendant and Davis then took the victim’s money and iPod.

Scott, who testified at trial for the People under a cooperation agreement, said that during the robbery he continued to look up and down the street, but he later crossed the street to tell defendant and Davis to hurry up. Although he claimed never to have seen defendant display a gun, he heard Davis say to the victim, “better give up all of [your] stuff, because [defendant] had a gun.” After the robbery was complete, the victim called 911. The police arrived and defendant and his cohorts were apprehended nearby and identified by the victim. Defendant had $53—the amount of money taken from the victim—and Flores had the victim’s iPod. No handgun was recovered. Defendant, Davis and Flores were tried jointly. Defendant argued that a conviction on the lesser charge would be permissible if the jury were to credit Scott’s testimony that he saw no gun and conclude that defendant robbed the victim without a gun. Supreme Court denied defendant’s request to charge the jury on robbery in the third degree as a lesser included offense of robbery in the first degree (Penal Law § 160.15 [4]), referring to the second count of the indictment—robbery in the second degree (Penal Law § 160.10 [1]) (aided by another actually present).

Defendant was convicted of both robbery in the first degree and robbery in the second degree. The Appellate Division affirmed the conviction, with one Justice dissenting, holding that while robbery in the third degree is a lesser included offense of robbery in the first degree, there was no reasonable view of the evidence to support the lesser included charge. Further, the Appellate Division held that the jury could not be permitted to parse the victim’s testimony to conclude that defendant did not use a gun during the robbery.

[*888] To establish a charge on a lesser included offense, a defendant must show both that the greater crime cannot be committed without having concomitantly committed the lesser by the same conduct, and that a reasonable view of the evidence supports a finding that he or she committed the lesser, but not the greater, offense (see People v Van Norstrand, 85 NY2d 131, 135 [1995], citing People v Glover, 57 NY2d 61, 63 [1982]; People v Scarborough, 49 NY2d 364 [1980]; CPL 1.20 [37]; 300.50 [1]).

Although robbery in the third degree is a lesser included crime of robbery in the first degree, here there is no reasonable view of the evidence to support a jury finding that defendant committed robbery in the third degree and not robbery in the first degree. The victim testified that defendant had a gun. No other evidence, viewed reasonably, contradicted that testimony. Although Scott claimed not to have seen defendant with a gun from his vantage points—across the street and upon nearing defendant—even he acknowledged overhearing Davis say to the victim that defendant had a gun.

Chief Judge Kaye and Judges Ciparick, Graffeo, Read, Smith, Pigott and Jones concur.

Order affirmed in a memorandum.