Hiroshi Oki & Chizuko Oki v. Immigr. & Naturalization Serv., 598 F.2d 1160 (9th Cir. 1979). · Go Syfert
Hiroshi Oki & Chizuko Oki v. Immigr. & Naturalization Serv., 598 F.2d 1160 (9th Cir. 1979). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
29 citation events (1 in the last 25 years) across 15 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Knori v. State ex rel. Department of Health, Office of Medicaid (wyo, 2005-04-14)
Treatment trajectory · 1980 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1980 2003 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 19 distinct citers. How cited ↗
cited Cited as authority (rule) Knori v. State ex rel. Department of Health, Office of Medicaid
Wyo. · 2005 · confidence medium
First, the government must have engaged in some form of “affirmative misconduct.” See, e.g., Oki v. Immigration and Naturalization Serv., 598 F.2d 1160, 1162 (9th Cir.1979).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Otuma Bernard Agadaga v. Immigration and Naturalization Service
9th Cir. · 1997 · confidence medium
See 8 U.S.C. § 1255 (c); Oki v. INS, 598 F.2d 1160, 1161-62 (9th Cir.1979).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Carlson v. Arizona Department of Economic Security
Ariz. Ct. App. · 1995 · confidence medium
First, the government must have engaged in some form of “affirmative misconduct.” See, e.g., Oki v. Immigration and Naturalization Serv., 598 F.2d 1160, 1162 (9th Cir.1979).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Sederquist v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency
D. Nev. · 1987 · confidence medium
Oki v. INS, 598 F.2d 1160, 1162 (9th Cir.1979).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) General Accounting Office v. General Accounting Office Personnel Appeals Board, Morris L. Shaller, Intervenor
D.C. Cir. · 1983 · confidence medium
Courts following the traditional line have suggested that only “affirmative misconduct” by government officials will trigger an estoppel, see Oki v. INS, 598 F.2d 1160, 1162 (9th Cir.1979) (per curiam); Leimbach v. Califano, 596 F.2d 300, 305 (8th Cir.1979).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Nez Perce County, Idaho
D. Idaho · 1982 · confidence medium
Simon v. Califano, 593 F.2d 121, 123 (9th Cir.1979); Oki v. Immigration & Naturalization Service, 598 F.2d 1160, 1162 (9th Cir.1979); and Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Hibi, 414 U.S. 5 , 94 S.Ct. 19 , 38 L.Ed.2d 7 (1973).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sunil Lotus Aiyadurai v. Immigration and Naturalization Service and Gerald L. Coyle, District Director of Immigration and Naturalization Service
8th Cir. · 1982 · confidence medium
There is no requirement in the Act that an alien be warned by the Service of the consequences of a change in the law in which the alien is seeking a benefit. “[I]t is not the failure to do something which may lead to estoppel against the government agency; the conduct complained about must be an affirmative act.” Oki v. INS, 598 F.2d 1160, 1162 (9th Cir. 1979), citing United States v. Ruby, 588 F.2d 697, 703-04 (9th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 442 U.S. 917 , 99 S.Ct. 2838 , 61 L.Ed.2d 284 (1979); Santiago v. INS, 526 F.2d 488, 491 (9th Cir. 1975) (banc), cert. denied, 425 U.S. 971 , 96 S.Ct.…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Armstrong v. United States
D. Colo. · 1981 · confidence medium
Oki v. Immigration & Naturalization Service, 598 F.2d 1160, 1162 (9th Cir. 1979); Yang v. Immigration & Naturalization Service, 574 F.2d 171, 175 (3d Cir. 1978).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Cantwell v. County of San Mateo
9th Cir. · 1980 · confidence medium
This is true whether we apply California law, as the district court did, see Strong v. County of Santa Cruz, 543 P.2d 264, 266 (Cal. 1975); City of Long Beach v. Mansell, 476 P.2d 423, 442 (Cal. 1970), or federal law, see Oki v. I. & N. S., 598 F.2d 1160, 1162 (9th Cir. 1979); United States v. Ruby Co., 588 F.2d 697, 703-04 (9th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 442 U.S. 917 , 99 S.Ct. 2838 , 61 L.Ed.2d 284 (1979); Santiago v. I. & N. S., 526 F.2d 488, 491 (9th Cir. 1975) (en banc), cert. denied, 425 U.S. 971 , 96 S.Ct. 2167 , 48 L.Ed.2d 794 (1976). .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sidney H. Cantwell, Jr. v. County of San Mateo, a Political Subdivision of the State of California, and the Retirement Board of San Mateo County, Sidney H. Cantwell, Jr. v. County of San Mateo, a Political Subdivision of the State of California and the Retirement Board of San Mateo County
9th Cir. · 1980 · confidence medium
This is true whether we apply California law, as the district court did, see Strong v. County of Santa Cruz, 543 P.2d 264, 266 (Cal.1975); City of Long Beach v. Mansell, 476 P.2d 423, 442 (Cal.1970), or federal law, see Oki v. I. & N. S., 598 F.2d 1160, 1162 (9th Cir. 1979); United States v. Ruby Co., 588 F.2d 697, 703-04 (9th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 442 U.S. 917 , 99 S.Ct. 2838 , 61 L.Ed.2d 284 (1979); Santiago v. I. & N. S., 526 F.2d 488, 491 (9th Cir. 1975) (en banc), cert. denied, 425 U.S. 971 , 96 S.Ct. 2167 , 48 L.Ed.2d 794 (1976) 11 In using the earliest possible date at which the Boa…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Beacom v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
D. Ariz. · 1980 · confidence medium
We need not reach the question of whether such conduct could be considered misconduct as required for an estoppel against the government. 598 F.2d at 1162 (Citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Narciso Edgardo Inciong Villena v. Immigration & Naturalization Service (2×)
9th Cir. · 1980 · confidence medium
Oki v. INS, 598 F.2d 1160, 1161-62 (9th Cir. 1979); Santiago v. INS, 526 F.2d 488, 491-93 (9th Cir. 1975) (en banc), cert. denied, 425 U.S. 971 , 96 S.Ct. 2167 , 48 L.Ed.2d 794 (1976).
discussed Cited "see" ATC Petroleum, Inc. v. Sanders
D.D.C. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See Oki v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 598 F.2d 1160, 1162 (9th Cir.1979) (Only “affirmative misconduct” by government officials will trigger an estoppel.); see also ATC/Tidewater’s Exhibit A at ¶ 8 (hearsay).
discussed Cited "see" Senator Corp. v. Commissioner of Transportation
Me. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Oki v. Immigration & Naturalization Service, 598 F.2d 1160, 1162 (9th Cir.1979) (government’s failure to do something will not lead to estoppel against it; conduct complained of must be an affirmative act).
discussed Cited "see" Community Health Services of Crawford County, Inc., a Non-Profit Corporation, Ada Werner, an Individual, Frank E. Werner, an Individual, and Shirley Sorger, an Individual v. Joseph A. Califano, Jr., Secretary of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, and the Travelers Insurance Companies, a Corporation, Community Health Services of Crawford County, Inc., a Non-Profit Corporation v. Patricia Roberts Harris, Secretary of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, and the Travelers Insurance Companies, a Corporation
3rd Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See Oki v. Immigration & Naturalization Serv., 598 F.2d 1160, 1162 (9th Cir.1979) 5 E.g., Miranda v. Immigration & Naturalization Serv., 638 F.2d 83 (9th Cir.1981) (United States citizenship jeopardized because petitioner married before entering country) 6 E.g., Walsonavich v. United States, 335 F.2d 96 (3d Cir.1964) (taxpayer lured into not filing refund claim and claim subsequently barred by statute of limitations) 7 332 U.S. 380 , 68 S.Ct. 1 , 92 L.Ed. 10 (1947) 8 Id. at 384 , 68 S.Ct. at 3 9 Subsequent cases, however, seem to hold that persons are not held to have knowledge of all statutes…
cited Cited "see" Community Health Services of Crawford County, Inc. v. Califano
3rd Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See Oki v. Immigration & Naturalization Serv., 598 F.2d 1160, 1162 (9th Cir.1979). .
cited Cited "see" Pooran and Mohammad Akbarin v. Immigration and Naturalization Service
1st Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See Oki v. INS, 598 F.2d 1160, 1161-62 (9th Cir. 1979) (per curiam); Hamadeh v. INS, 343 F.2d 530, 532-33 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 382 U.S. 838 , 86 S.Ct. 85 , 15 L.Ed.2d 80 (1965).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Iva May Harvey, a Widow
9th Cir. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See Oki v. INS, 598 F.2d 1160, 1162 (9th Cir. 1979); Lake Berryessa Tenants’ Council v. United States, 588 F.2d 267, 270-71 (9th Cir. 1978); Ruby, 588 F.2d at 703-04 ; *774 Wharton , 514 F.2d at 409-11. 10 Thus, the district court correctly instructed the jury that it must return findings op five, rather than four, elements: (1) whether the party to be estopped knew the facts; (2) whether the party to be estopped intended or could justifiably be perceived as intending its conduct to induce reliance; (3) whether the party asserting the estoppel was ignorant of the facts; (4) whether the party…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Ann Hansen v. Patricia Roberts Harris, Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare (2×)
2d Cir. · 1980 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Oki v. INS, 598 F.2d 1160 (9 Cir. 1979) (per curiam).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Hiroshi OKI and Chizuko Oki, Petitioners,
v.
IMMIGRATION & NATURALIZATION SERVICE, Respondent
78-1126.
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
May 21, 1979.
598 F.2d 1160
Lawrence B. Lundberg, Sherrow & Lundberg, Seattle, Wash., for petitioners., Lauren S. Kahn, Atty., Washington, D. C., for respondent.
Wright, Wallace, Palmieri.
Cited by 23 opinions  |  Published
PER CURIAM:

Petitioners, husband and wife, were ordered deported because after they were admitted to the United States as nonimmigrants pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(15), there was a failure to comply with the conditions required by the status pursuant to which they were admitted. They raise five questions on appeal, three of which merit discussion: (1) Is the government es-topped from ordering petitioners’ deportation? (2) Were the petitioners denied due process of law at their deportation hearing? and (3) Should the order of deportation be stayed so that petitioners may apply for an adjustment of status? We affirm the deportation orders.

Petitioners, citizens of Japan, entered the United States in 1974, the husband as an exchange student and the wife as the spouse of an exchange student. Whether she may remain in the United States is thus dependent upon the status of her husband.

While attending college, Mr. Oki secured summer employment with Togiak Fisheries, acts not challenged by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). After the summer 1976 employment, he was offered a permanent employment by Togiak. Mr. Oki and a representative of Togiak contacted the INS for permission for the employment of Mr. Oki and were provided with the necessary labor certificate forms. The only form in the record is the employer’s request for labor certification titled “Application For Alien Employment Certification” which was filed in February, 1977. Permission for the employment requested was granted subsequent to the deportation order.

Mr. Oki, without the JNS permission, began working for Togiak in October, 1976 and continued at least until the time of his deportation hearing on March 1, 1977. Thus, he was clearly in violation of the conditions of his nonimmigrant status.

Petitioners contend that the INS is estopped from asserting the failure to secure the necessary approval prior to the[*1162] commencement of work because the INS failed to advise Mr. Oki of that requirement. But it is not the failure to do something which may lead to estoppel against a government agency; the conduct complained about must be an affirmative act. United States v. Ruby, 588 F.2d 697, 703-04 (9th Cir. 1978); Santiago v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 526 F.2d 488, 491 (9th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 425 U.S. 971, 48 L.Ed.2d 794 (1976). The failure to advise Mr. Oki that he could not work until permission was received subsequent to filing the necessary forms was clearly not affirmative conduct. We need not reach the question of whether such conduct could be considered misconduct as required for an estoppel against the government.

Petitioners claim that their due process rights were violated, contending that their right to examine the evidence against them and to present evidence on their behalf was impermissibly curtailed. 8 C.F.R. § 242.16(a); 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b). Their primary contention is that a representative of Togiak was not allowed to testify concerning whether Mr. Oki’s violation was unintentional and technical. The testimony would not have helped petitioners since the government claims only that the violation exists, not that it was willful.

Finally, petitioners claim that because the Labor Department ultimately granted Mr. Oki’s labor certification, he should be granted a stay during which to apply for adjustment of status. Mr. Oki, however, is statutorily ineligible for adjustment of status. 8 U.S.C. § 1255(c), effective January 1, 1977, provides that such benefits will not be allowed an alien “who hereafter continues in or accepts unauthorized employment prior to filing an application for adjustment of status.” Mr. Oki continued to work for Togiak after January 1,1977, and prior to the filing of an application for adjustment of status and is therefore ineligible.

AFFIRMED.