Willie Hicks v. Joseph A. Califano, Jr., Sec'y of Health, Educ. & Welfare, 600 F.2d 1048 (4th Cir. 1979). · Go Syfert
Willie Hicks v. Joseph A. Califano, Jr., Sec'y of Health, Educ. & Welfare, 600 F.2d 1048 (4th Cir. 1979). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
151 citation events (60 in the last 25 years) across 37 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: DUKES v. KIJAKAZI (ncmd, 2025-02-25)
Treatment trajectory · 1979 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1979 2002 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) DUKES v. KIJAKAZI
M.D.N.C. · 2025 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
we do not think that the approximately 110 jobs testified to by the constitute an insignificant number.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) WILLIAMS v. O'MALLEY
M.D.N.C. · 2024 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
we do not think that the approximately 110 jobs testified to by the constitute an insignificant number.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) KING v. KIJAKAZI (2×)
M.D.N.C. · 2024 · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence high
we do not think that the approximately 110 jobs testified to by the constitute an insignificant number.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) TOWNSEND v. KIJAKAZI (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
M.D.N.C. · 2023 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
claimant contends that the light and sedentary jobs described by the . . . do not exist in significant numbers within the region. we do not think that the approximately 110 jobs testified to by the constitute an insignificant number.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) HAYES v. KIJAKAZI
M.D.N.C. · 2023 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
we do not think that the approximately 110 jobs testified to by the constitute an insignificant number.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) CHAFFINS v. KIJAKAZI
M.D.N.C. · 2022 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
we do not think that the approximately 110 jobs testified to by the constitute an insignificant number.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Vannoy v. Commissioner of Social Security
W.D.N.C. · 2022 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
we do not think that the approximately 110 jobs testified to by the ve constitute an insignificant number
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Armstrong v. Saul
W.D.N.C. · 2020 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
we do not think that the approximately 110 jobs testified to by the ve constitute an insignificant number.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Thomas v. Commissioner of Social Security
W.D.N.C. · 2025 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
we do not think that the approximately 110 jobs testified to by the vocational expert constitute an insignificant number.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Snow v. Kijakazi (2×) also: Cited "see"
E.D.N.C. · 2022 · signal: see, e.g. · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
we do not think that the approximately 110 jobs testified to by the vocational expert constitute an insignificant number.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Collins v. Commissioner of Social Security Administration
D.S.C. · 2020 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
we do not think that the approximately 110 jobs testified to by the ve constitute an insignificant number
discussed Cited as authority (rule) ALLEN v. KIJAKAZI
M.D.N.C. · 2023 · confidence medium
Moreover, even if the Court considered Plaintiff’s late-raised argument, it would not establish a basis for remand, as (1) the ALJ expressly found that “there were jobs that existed in significant numbers in the national economy that [Plaintiff] could perform” (Tr. 25 (emphasis added), and (2) under long-standing precedent of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, such a number clearly constitutes a significant number of jobs, see Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir. 1979) (“Claimant contends that the light and sedentary jobs described by the [VE] . . . …
cited Cited as authority (rule) Miller v. Callahan
D. Maryland · 1997 · confidence medium
Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir. 1979).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Willis v. Chater
W.D. Va. · 1996 · confidence medium
King v. Califano, 599 F.2d 597 (4th Cir.1979). <£Where there is evidence of alcohol abuse, the [Commissioner] must inquire whether the claimant is addicted to alcohol and has the ability to control its use.” Gordon v. Schweiker, 725 F.2d 231, 236 (4th Cir.1984) (citing Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir.1979)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) John Rice v. Shirley S. Chater, Commissioner of Social Security
4th Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir.1979).
cited Cited as authority (rule) William R. Dickerson v. Donna E. Shalaka, Secretary of Health and Human Services
4th Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir.1979).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jose E. ARROYO, Plaintiff, Appellant, v. SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Defendant, Appellee
1st Cir. · 1991 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Cooper v. Bowen, 815 F.2d 557, 560-61 (9th Cir.1987); Purter v. Heckler, 771 F.2d 682, 698-699 (3d Cir.1985), Ferguson v. Heckler, 750 F.2d 503, 505 (5th Cir.1985); Cannon v. Harris, 651 F.2d 513, 519 (7th Cir.1981) (per curiam); Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir.1979); Adams v. Weinberger, 548 F.2d 239, 244 (8th Cir.1977).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) 30 soc.sec.rep.ser. 128, unempl.ins.rep. Cch 15523a in Re Petition of Louis W. Sullivan, M.D., Secretary of Health and Human Services. William Wilkerson, Robert J. Gardner and William E. Smith, on Behalf of Themselves and All Others Similarly Situated v. Louis W. Sullivan, M.D., Secretary of Health and Human Services, Honorable John B. Hannum, Nominal William Wilkerson, Robert J. Gardner and William E. Smith, on Behalf of Themselves and All Others Similarly Situated v. Louis W. Sullivan, M.D., Secretary of Health and Human Services, (Two Cases) William Wilkerson, Robert J. Gardner and William E. Smith, on Behalf of Themselves and All Others Similarly Situated v. Louis W. Sullivan, M.D., Secretary of Health and Human Services
3rd Cir. · 1990 · confidence medium
In Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir.1979), the court said, "Nothing in the Social Security Act permits rejection of a disability claim simply because the claimant has not experienced significant end organ damage. [citation omitted] Where there is evidence of alcohol abuse, the Secretary must inquire whether the claimant is addicted to alcohol and, as a consequence, has lost the ability to control its use." 87 700 F.2d at 119 . 88 In Purter, this Court once again held that the Secretary had applied an improper legal standard to decide whether someone who sought both SSI and SSDI …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Wilkerson v. Sullivan
3rd Cir. · 1990 · confidence medium
In Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir.1979), the court said, “Nothing in the Social Security Act permits rejection of a disability claim simply because the claimant has not experienced significant end organ damage, [citation omitted] Where there is evidence of alcohol abuse, the Secretary must inquire whether the claimant is addicted to alcohol and, as a consequence, has lost the ability to control its use.” 700 F.2d at 119 .
cited Cited as authority (rule) KOSZEWSKI ON BEHALF OF KOSZEWSKI v. Bowen
W.D. Pa. · 1988 · confidence medium
McShea, 700 F.2d at 119 , quoting Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir.1979).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Henderson v. North Carolina Department of Human Resources, Division of Social Services (2×) also: Cited "see"
N.C. Ct. App. · 1988 · confidence medium
See Williams v. Bowen, 844 F. 2d 748, 757-58 (10th Cir. 1988); Ray v. Bowen, 843 F. 2d 998, 1005 (7th Cir. 1988); Hicks v. Califano, 600 F. 2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir. 1979).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Glen W. WILLIAMS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Otis R. BOWEN, M.D., Secretary of Health and Human Services, Defendant-Appellee
10th Cir. · 1988 · confidence medium
See Ferguson v. Heckler, 750 F.2d 503, 505 (5th Cir.1985) (alcoholism may constitute a disability if a claimant is addicted, has lost the ability to control alcohol use, and is prevented from engaging in substantial gainful employment); Johnson v. Harris, 625 F.2d 311, 313 (9th Cir.1980); Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir.1979); Lewis v. Califano, 574 F.2d 452, 455-56 (8th Cir.1978); cf. LeMaster v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 802 F.2d 839, 842 (6th Cir.1986) (inability to control alcohol intake plus serious interference with day-to-day activities necessary for disabi…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) James COOPER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Otis R. BOWEN, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Defendant-Appellee (2×)
9th Cir. · 1987 · confidence medium
McShea v. Schweiker, 700 F.2d 117, 119 (3d Cir.1983); Ferguson v. Schweiker, 641 F.2d 243, 249 (5th Cir.1981); Johnson v. Harris, 625 F.2d at 313 (“The Secretary contends ... that the inability to stop drinking is an element of disability due to alcoholism____”); Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir.1979); Lewis v. Califano, 574 F.2d 452 (8th Cir.1978).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Allen v. Schweiker
E.D. Pa. · 1986 · confidence medium
“Where there is evidence of alcohol abuse, the Secretary must inquire whether the claimant is addicted to alcohol and, as a consequence, has lost the ability to control its use.” McShea v. Schweiker, 700 F.2d 117 at 119 (3d Cir.1983), quoting Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048 at 1051 (4th Cir.1979). “[A] finding that an alcoholic has the ability to control his or her drinking must rest upon competent medical evidence and cannot rest only on the testimony of the claimant.” Lofton v. Schweiker, 653 F.2d 215 at 218 (5th Cir.1981) reh. denied, 659 F.2d 1076 , cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1089 , 1…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Migneault v. Heckler
D.R.I. · 1985 · confidence medium
McShea v. Schweiker, 700 F.2d 117, 119 (3d Cir.1983); Cannon v. Harris, 651 F.2d 513, 519 (7th Cir.1981) (per curiam); Ferguson v. Schweiker, 641 F.2d 243, 248 (5th Cir.1981); Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir.1979); Adams v. Weinberger, 548 F.2d 239, 244 (8th Cir.1977).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Charles PURTER, Appellant, v. Margaret HECKLER, Secretary Dept. of Health and Human Services
3rd Cir. · 1985 · confidence medium
As stated by the Fourth Circuit in Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir.1979), cited in McShea, 700 F.2d at 119, the relevant inquiry where there is evidence of alcoholism is not whether the claimant should be able to control his drinking problem or that he says that he can control it, but rather “whether the claimant is addicted to alcohol and, as a consequence, has lost the ability to control its use.” See also, Ferguson v. Heckler, 750 F.2d 503, 505 (5th Cir.1985); Adams, 548 F.2d at 244 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Nangle v. Heckler
E.D. Pa. · 1984 · confidence medium
This finding not only is factually inaccurate, given the evidence of liver damage and chronic ulcer history, but the Third Circuit has stated that “[njothing in the Social Security Act permits rejection of a disability claim simply because the claimant has not experienced significant end organ damage.” McShea, 700 F.2d at 119 , quoting Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir.1979).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Fulwood v. Heckler
D.D.C. · 1984 · confidence medium
Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir.1979), McShea, supra, at 119 .
cited Cited as authority (rule) Corbecky v. Heckler
W.D. Wis. · 1984 · confidence medium
Ferguson v. Schweiker, 641 F.2d 243 (5th Cir.1981); Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir.1979).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Owen L. GORDON, Appellant, v. Richard S. SCHWEIKER, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Appellee
4th Cir. · 1984 · confidence medium
Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir.1979).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) William McShea v. Richard S. Schweiker, Secretary of Health and Human Services
3rd Cir. · 1983 · confidence medium
In Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir.1979), the court said, “Nothing in the Social Security Act permits rejection of a disability claim simply because the claimant has not experienced significant end organ damage, [citation omitted] Where there is evidence of alcohol abuse, the Secretary must inquire whether the claimant is addicted to alcohol and, as a consequence, has lost the ability to control its use.” Further inquiry about the extent of the plaintiff’s alcoholism did not go beyond his denial of its existence and his testimony that he had curtailed the use of intoxican…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) City of Dothan, Alabama v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Municipal Electric Authority of Georgia, Intervenor (2×)
D.C. Cir. · 1982 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Greene v. United States, 376 U.S. 149, 162-64 , 84 S.Ct. 615, 622-23 , 11 L.Ed.2d 576 (1964); Central Power & Light Co. v. United States, 639 F.2d 1104, 1106 (5th Cir. 1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 831 , 102 S.Ct. 128 , 70 L.Ed.2d 108 ; Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1050 (4th Cir. 1979). “[A] court reviewing an agency decision following an intervening change of policy by the agency should remand to permit the agency to decide in the first instance whether giving the change retrospective effect will best effectuate the policies underlying the agency’s governing act.” NLRB v…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Brennan v. Schweiker
E.D. Pa. · 1982 · confidence medium
Ferguson v. Schweiker, 641 F.2d 243, 248-49 (5th Cir. 1981) (citing cases); Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir. 1979); Gray v. Califano, 448 F.Supp. 1142, 1145 (S.D.Cal.1978).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Tyler Ex Rel. Edney v. Schweiker
D. Maryland · 1981 · confidence medium
See also Thorpe v. Housing Authority of the City of Durham, 393 U.S. 268, 281 , 89 S.Ct. 518, 525 , 21 L.Ed.2d 474 (1969); Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1050 (4th Cir. 1979).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Siburt v. Secretary of Health & Human Services (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
N.D.W. Va. · 1981 · confidence medium
In Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1050 (4th Cir. 1979), the Court stated: The new regulations, 20 C.F.R. §§ 405 .-1502 to 1513 and Subpart P, Appendix 2 (1979), were adopted ‘to consolidate and elaborate upon long standing medical-vocational evaluation policies for adjudicating disability claims in which an individual’s age, education and work experience must be considered in addition to the medical condition.’ 43 Fed.Reg. 55349 (1978).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Gadd v. Secretary of Health & Human Services (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
N.D.W. Va. · 1981 · confidence medium
In Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1050 (4th Cir. 1979), the Court stated: “The new regulations, 20 C.F.R. §§ 405 .-1502 to 1513 and Subpart P, Appendix 2 (1979), were adopted ‘to consolidate and elaborate upon long standing medical-vocational evaluation policies for adjudicating disability claims in which an individual’s age, education and work experience must be considered in addition to the medical condition.’ 43 Fed.Reg. 55349 (1978).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Colyer v. Harris
S.D. Ohio · 1981 · confidence medium
Id. at 1050.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Ella Mae Cannon v. Patricia Harris, Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare
7th Cir. · 1981 · confidence medium
“Where there is evidence of alcohol abuse, the Secretary must inquire whether the claimant is addicted to alcohol and, as a consequence, has lost the ability to control its use.” Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1051 (4th Cir. 1979).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Powell v. Schweiker
W.D. Ark. · 1981 · confidence medium
The Fourth Circuit in Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1050 (4th Cir. 1979), has approved the use of the newly promulgated regulations cited above, but in Hicks a vocational expert had already testified.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sloan v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
N.D.W. Va. · 1981 · confidence medium
In Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1050 (4th Cir. 1979), the Court stated: “The new regulations, 20 C.F.R. §§ 404 .-1502 to 1513 and Subpart P, Appendix 2 (1979), were adopted ‘to consolidate and elaborate upon long standing medical-vocational evaluation policies for adjudicating disability claims in which an individual’s age, education and work experience must be considered in addition to the medical condition.’ 43 Fed.Reg. 55,349 (1978).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Thomas F. Frady v. Patricia Roberts Harris, Secretary of Health and Human Services (2×)
4th Cir. · 1981 · confidence medium
Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1050 (4th Cir. 1979); Vega v. Harris, 636 F.2d 900 (2d Cir. 1981) ("But the Secretary cannot have it both ways.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Maurer v. Harris
D. Or. · 1980 · confidence medium
Parker v. Harris, 626 F.2d 225, 234 (2d Cir. 1980); Warncke v. Harris, 619 F.2d 412, 417 (5th Cir. 1980); Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1050-51 (4th Cir. 1979); Morris v. Secretary, No. 79 Civ. 6181 (S.D.N.Y. 10 September 1980); Capoferri v. Harris, No. 79-2930 (E.D.Pa. 14 July 1980); Stallings v. Harris, 493 F.Supp. 956, 957-61 (W.D.Tenn.1980); Boyce v. Harris, 492 F.Supp. 751, 751-52 (D.S.C.1980); Crowe v. Harris, 489 F.Supp. 683 (E.D.Tenn.1980); Phillips v. Harris, 488 F.Supp. 1161, 1165-68 (W.D.Va.1980); Halsted v. Harris, 489 F.Supp. 521, 525 (E.D.Mo.1980); Fains v. Harris, 481 F.Supp…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Fields v. Harris
N.D. Ga. · 1980 · confidence medium
Warncke v. Harris, 619 F.2d 412, 417 (5th Cir. 1980); Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1050 (4th Cir. 1979).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Herbert H. Warncke v. Patricia Roberts Harris, Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services
5th Cir. · 1980 · confidence medium
In Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1050 (4th Cir. 1979), the Fourth Circuit applied these new regulations retroactively to a case already pending on appeal, under the authority of Bradley v. Richmond School Board, 416 U.S. 696 , 94 S.Ct. 2006 , 40 L.Ed.2d 476 (1974).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Stallings v. Harris
W.D. Tenn. · 1980 · confidence medium
The better result, in the Court’s view, is that reached in Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1050 (4th Cir. 1979), in which the court held that the regulations should be applied retroactively.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Walter E. Parker v. Patricia Roberts Harris, Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
2d Cir. · 1980 · confidence medium
Although these regulations were not in effect at the time of Parker’s hearing, their express purpose was “to consolidate and elaborate upon long-standing medical-vocational evaluation policies for adjudicating disability claims,” 43 Fed.Reg. 55,349 (1978), and they have been held to apply retroactively to appeals pending at the time of promulgation, 11 see e. g., Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048, 1050 (4th Cir. 1979).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Griffin v. Califano
D.S.C. · 1979 · confidence medium
These regulations, which establish presumptive disability for individuals with certain age, education and vocational factors, appear to presume disability for this individual of “advanced age” and “marginal education” if his mechanical skills are “non-transferrable.” See Hicks v. Califano, supra, at 1050.
discussed Cited "see" Christopher S. v. Frank Bisignano, Commissioner, Social Security Administration (2×)
D. Maryland · 2026 · signal: see · confidence high
See Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048 , 1051 n.2 (4th Cir. 1979) (finding that 110 regional jobs constituted a significant number); Hodges v. Apfel, 203 F.3d 820 , at *1 (4th Cir. 2000) (153 jobs sufficient).
discussed Cited "see" Angela Riddle v. Commissioner of the Social Security Administration
W.D.N.C. · 2026 · signal: see · confidence high
See Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048 , 1051 n.2 (4th Cir. 1979) (stating that as few as 110 jobs in a region does therefore conclude that an apparent conflict exists between a limitation to short and simple instructions and Reasoning Development Level 3 occupations.”)); see also Beavers v. Saul, No. 1:18-CV-203-DSC, 2019 WL 2746941 , at *2 (W.D.N.C.
cited Cited "see" Couch v. Commissioner of the Social Security Administration
D.S.C. · 2025 · signal: see · confidence high
See ECF No. 18 at 13–14 (citing Hicks v. Califano, 600 F.2d 1048 , 1051 n.2 (4th Cir. 1979); Hodges v. Apfel, 2000 WL 121251 (4th Cir. 2000); Best v. Berryhill, 2017 WL 685601 , at *4 (E.D.N.C.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Willie HICKS, Appellant,
v.
Joseph A. CALIFANO, Jr., Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, Appellee
77-2615.
Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.
Jul 2, 1979.
600 F.2d 1048
Peter M. D. Martin, Baltimore, Md. (Dennis M. Sweeney, Administrative Law Center, Legal Aid Bureau, Inc., Baltimore, Md., on brief), for appellant., Nhtalie R. Dethloff, Dept, of Health, Education and Welfare, Baltimore, Md. (Barbara Allen Babcock, Asst. Atty. Gen., Washington, D. C., Russell T. Baker, Jr., U. S. Atty., Baltimore, Md., on brief), for appel-lee.
Bryan, Winter, Phillips.
Cited by 113 opinions  |  Published
2 passages pin-cited by 3 cases
Pinpoint authority: #29,257 of 633,719
Citer courts: E.D. North Carolina (1) · W.D. North Carolina (1) · D. South Carolina (1)
WINTER, Circuit Judge:

Claimant, Willie Hicks, appeals from the judgment of the district court affirming the decision of the Secretary of Health, Education & Welfare to deny him disability insurance benefits under § 223 of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. § 423. We reverse the judgment and direct that the district court vacate the Secretary’s decision and remand the case for further consideration in light of new regulations that have been adopted by the Secretary. The Secretary should also be instructed on remand to evaluate the evidence of claimant’s alcoholism under the proper legal standard and to reexamine the vocational expert with respect to all of claimant’s disabilities.

I.

Claimant was born on October 17, 1917. He received a first grade education and can neither read nor write. From at least 1940 until 1969, he was employed as an automobile and truck mechanic, but he was required to stop working in 1969 because of pain in his back and stomach. At home, the only physical activity he performs is carrying out the trash. Claimant complains of a variety of ailments, including an arthritic back, stomach problems, high blood pressure, nerves, dizzy spells, stiff fingers, and a numb arm. He also admits to some drinking.

[*1050] The administrative law judge found from the medical evidence that claimant suffered from hypertension, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, an irritable duodenal bulb, depression, prostatic hypertrophy, and a history of liyer cirrhosis. Assuming claimant’s age, education, work experience, and arthritic back condition, the administrative judge asked a vocational expert what jobs claimant might be able to perform. The vocational expert responded that, while claimant would be precluded from bending, stooping, or lifting on a regular basis, there were light and sedentary jobs which he could perform, namely hand packager, auto cleaner, and cloth folder. The vocational expert testified further that approximately 110 jobs of this nature existed within the region. Based on this evidence, the administrative judge concluded that claimant was not disabled under the Social Security Act and was not entitled, therefore, to disability insurance benefits.

II.

While this appeal was pending, the Secretary of HEW promulgated new regulations, to be effective February 26, 1979, which the parties agree are applicable to this case. We also agree. See Bradley v. Richmond School Board, 416 U.S. 696, 94 S.Ct. 2006, 40 L.Ed.2d 476 (1974).

The new regulations, 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.-1502 to 1513 and Subpart P, App. 2 (1979), were adopted “to consolidate and elaborate upon long standing medical-vocational evaluation policies for adjudicating disability claims in which an individual’s age, education, and work experience must be considered in addition to the medical condition.” 43 Fed.Reg. 55,349 (1978). The regulations define each factor to be considered in determining whether disability exists. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1505 to 1511. More importantly, they direct a finding of disability or no disability where the findings of fact in a particular case coincide with the criteria established in the rules and tables of Sub-part P, Appendix 2. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513.

The administrative law judge found that claimant retained the capacity to perform the light and sedentary jobs described by the vocational expert. Where an individual’s residual functional capacity is limited to sedentary or light work, Tables 1 and 2 of Appendix 2 of the new regulations apply. The administrative law judge found also that claimant was 56 years old when last insured and had completed only one year of school. Under the new regulations, claimant would be considered of “advanced age” and “marginal education.” 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1506(d), 1507(c). The administrative law judge made no formal finding as to the quality of claimant’s work experience. However, he did ask the vocational expert to assume that claimant’s “mechanical duties were probably less- — quite a little bit less skilled that you would usually expect of a mechanic specializing in motor work.” It is not clear from this statement whether claimant’s work would be deemed “unskilled,” “semi-skilled,” or “skilled,” or whether any of claimant’s skills were “transferable” within the new regulations. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1511(b)-(e).

If claimant’s work was either unskilled or not transferable, then rules 201.01 and 201.-02 of Table 1 and 202.01 and 202.02 of Table 2 dictate a finding of disability. On the other hand, if claimant’s work is found to be either skilled or semi-skilled and transferable, rules 201.03 of Table 1 and 202.03 of Table 2 direct a finding of no disability. The case should, therefore, be remanded to the Secretary for a determination of the nature and transferability of claimant’s skills, and, upon making such a determination, the Secretary should be ordered to find claimant disabled or not disabled as required by the new regulations.

III.

On remand, the Secretary should also be directed to correct two errors in the administrative judge’s conduct of the case, one in his evaluation of the medical evidence and the other in his examination of the vocational expert.

Considerable evidence was presented at the administrative hearing indicating that claimant had a serious drinking problem.[*1051] In February, March, and October 1973, claimant was diagnosed as being addicted to alcohol. A hospital record from August 1974 revealed further that claimant had a 20-25 year history of “severe alcohol intake.” This history of alcoholism was corroborated by the report of a Social Security consulting physician in April 1973. Nevertheless, the administrative law judge made no finding with respect to claimant’s drinking problem except that there was no evidence of significant end organ damage other than several bouts of liver cirrhosis, which had been controlled without complication.

Nothing in the Social Security Act permits rejection of a disability claim simply because the claimant has not experienced significant end organ damage. See Martin v. Secretary, 492 F.2d 905, 909-10 (4 Cir. 1974). Where there is evidence of alcohol abuse, the Secretary must inquire whether the claimant is addicted to alcohol and, as a consequence, has lost the ability to control its use. See Adams v. Weinberger, 548 F.2d 239, 244 (8 Cir. 1977); Sharpe v. Califano, 438 F.Supp. 1282, 1286 (E.D.Va.1977). See also Swaim v. Califano, 599 F.2d 1309, 1312 (4 Cir., 1979). Because no such inquiry has been conducted in this case, it should be made by the Secretary on remand. [1]

The administrative law judge found from the medical evidence that claimant suffered from hypertension, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, an irritable duodenal bulb, depression, prostatic hypertrophy, and a history of liver cirrhosis. In the course of determining whether claimant’s physical impairments precluded him from substantial gainful employment, however, the administrative law judge asked the vocational expert to assume only that claimant had “a back eondition of arthritis.” It is undisputed that the vocational expert was present throughout the administrative hearing and was given a copy of all the medical evidence in claimant’s file. But it does not follow that the vocational expert considered any medical evidence aside from claimant’s arthritic back in rendering his opinion as to claimant’s capabilities. Accordingly, the Secretary should be required on remand to reexamine the vocational expert with respect to all of the disabilities for which proof is presented. Of course, if there is evidence that claimant is also disabled in whole or in part by his use of alcohol, the vocational expert should be asked to take this factor into consideration as well. See Swaim, supra at 1312. [2]

Should the Secretary determine from his reconsideration of the evidence regarding claimant’s alcoholism and from his reexamination of the vocational expert that claimant is still capable of performing light or sedentary work, the application of the new regulations to the facts of this case would remain unaltered. However, if the Secretary determines that claimant does not retain the ability to do such work, and further that claimant’s previous experience as a mechanic was arduous and unskilled, a finding of disability may be made also under 20 C.F.R. § 404.1512 (1979). That section provides an alternative test to the rules and tables of Appendix 2 for finding disability by stating that

[w]here an individual with a marginal education and long work experience (e. g., 35 to 40 years or more) limited to the performance of arduous unskilled physical labor is not working and is no longer able to perform such labor because of a significant impairment or impairments and, considering his or her age, education,[*1052] and vocational background is unable to engage in lighter work, such individual may be found to be under a disability.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

1

. Claimant assigns as error the administrative law judge’s failure to develop the record sufficiently with respect to claimant’s alcoholism and other ailments. On remand, any additional evidence of claimant’s disability may be presented.

2

. Claimant contends that the light and sedentary jobs described by the vocational expert— that of hand packager, auto cleaner, and cloth folder — do not exist in significant numbers within the region. We do not think that the approximately 110 jobs testified to by the vocational expert constitute an insignificant number. However, any conclusions that may be drawn from the vocational expert’s testimony must necessarily await his consideration of all of claimant’s disabilities.