United States v. Willie Bullock, (Three Cases), 725 F.2d 118 (D.C. Cir. 1984). · Go Syfert
United States v. Willie Bullock, (Three Cases), 725 F.2d 118 (D.C. Cir. 1984). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
7 citation events (1 in the last 25 years) across 4 distinct courts.
Top citers, strongest first. 5 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Browning v. State
Wyo. · 2001 · confidence medium
Our decision by no means condones any party breaching the terms of a plea agreement, and we " 'admonish the government to avoid occasions for questioning its meticulous adherence to the terms of a plea bargain...." United States v. Griffin, 816 F.2d 1, 7 (D.C.Cir.1987) (quoting United States v. Bullock, 725 F.2d 118, 119 (D.C.Cir.1984)). 1 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. David S. Hayes, David S. Hayes
3rd Cir. · 1991 · confidence medium
The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals concluded that, although ”[t]he word 'lengthy' clouds ‘an otherwise clear picture,’” the defendant received the benefit of his bargain, but admonished " 'the government to avoid occasions for questioning of its meticulous adherence to the terms of a plea bargain.’ ” Id. at 723 (quoting United States v. Bullock, 725 F.2d 118, 119 (D.C.Cir.1984)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Omar Ocampo-Bedoya
6th Cir. · 1988 · confidence medium
We therefore " 'admonish the government to avoid occasions for questioning of its meticulous adherence to the terms of a plea bargain,' " Brummett, 786 F.2d at 723 , quoting United States v. Bullock, 725 F.2d 118, 119 (D.C.Cir.1984)
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Christopher E. Griffin, A/K/A Chris E. Griffin, Chris Griffin
D.C. Cir. · 1987 · confidence medium
Nonetheless, the District Court was clearly informed of the terms of the plea agreement and of what the government’s recommendation on penalty was to be: i.e., that the court order full restitution and that any period of incarceration not exceed three years. 2 This was not a situation in which a “post-sentence application informs the trial court, for the first time, of a plea agreement term that the prosecutor allegedly failed to honor.” See United States v. Bullock, 725 F.2d 118, 119 (D.C.Cir.1984).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Eddie Wayne Brummett
6th Cir. · 1986 · confidence medium
The word “lengthy” clouds “an otherwise clear picture,” United States v. Bullock, 725 F.2d 118, 119 (D.C.Cir.1984), but no breach has occurred; Brummett clearly received “the benefit of his bargain.” Bercheny, 633 F.2d at 476 .
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
UNITED STATES of America
v.
Willie BULLOCK, Appellant. (Three Cases)
83-1585 to 83-1587.
Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit.
Jan 13, 1984.
725 F.2d 118
Harry J. Trainor, Lanham, Md., for appellant., Daniel S. Seikaly, Asst. U.S. Atty., Washington, D.C., with whom Stanley S. Harris, U.S. Atty. at the time the brief was filed, Michael J. Farrell, and Daniel J. Bernstein, Asst. U.S. Attys., Washington, D.C., were on the brief, for appellee.
Ginsburg, Bork, Doyle, Western, Wisconsin.
Cited by 5 opinions  |  Published

Opinion PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM:

Appellant Bullock seeks review of the District Court’s denial of his post-sentence motion to withdraw his plea of guilty. We affirm the District Court’s judgment, but caution the government against statements in allocutions of the kind at issue here. See Santobello v. New York, 404 U.S. 257, 92 S.Ct. 495, 30 L.Ed.2d 427 (1971).

In its plea agreement with Bullock, the government undertook not to request a sentence exceeding ten years minimum, thirty years maximum. The government, in a footnote to its presentence memorandum, correctly reported this undertaking, and also observed that the highest permissible sentence was fifty years. The text of the memorandum asked for the imposition of a sentence of “at least” ten years minimum, thirty years maximum. The District Court[*119] imposed an aggregate sentence of ten to thirty-eight years.

At sentencing, Bullock’s retained counsel suggested that the government’s presen-tence memorandum deviated from the bargain “a little” by including certain statements about Bullock’s activities. But counsel said nothing of the “at least” ten to thirty years statement, nor did he question in any other respect the form or substance of the government’s length of sentence recommendation. No claim is here made that counsel was ineffective in failing to do so.

Fed.R.Crim.P. 32(d) provides that “[a] motion to withdraw a plea of guilty ... may be made only before sentence is imposed ...; but to correct manifest injustice the [trial] court after sentence may ... permit the defendant to withdraw his plea.” See United States v. Davis, 617 F.2d 677, 685 (D.C.Cir.1979) (permission to withdraw plea rests in trial court’s sound discretion), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 967, 100 S.Ct. 1659, 64 L.Ed.2d 244 (1980). Taking into account the circumstances revealed in the transcripts of Bullock’s plea and sentencing hearings and described in the District Court’s April 25, 1983, Findings and Order, we cannot conclude that the District Judge abused his discretion in refusing to allow appellant to withdraw his guilty plea.

Bullock alleges, and we discern, no defect in the taking of his plea. Nor does he claim that he is innocent of the charges to which he pled guilty. See United States v. Barker, 514 F.2d 208, 220 (D.C.Cir.) (en banc) (whether defendant alleges innocence is an “important factor” to be weighed in deciding whether to permit withdrawal of guilty plea), cert. denied, 421 U.S. 1013, 95 S.Ct. 2420, 44 L.Ed.2d 682 (1975). Furthermore, the District Judge, alert to the character of the charges against Bullock, [1] concluded that trial at this time distance would place the government at a serious disadvantage in locating and gaining the cooperation of key witnesses. United States v. Bullock, Crim. No. 81-266, Findings and Order at 3-4 (D.D.C. Apr. 25, 1983), reprinted in Appendix for Appellant at 6-7; see United States v. Barker, 514 F.2d at 222 (prejudice to government’s case is a factor in determining whether to allow defendant to withdraw guilty plea).

We also regard as significant the District Court’s undisputed awareness, throughout the plea and sentencing processes, that the government’s promise was to recommend a sentence of not more than thirty years; on three separate occasions — at the January 8, 1982, plea hearing, the February 2, 1982, plea hearing, and in footnote * of the Government Memorandum in Aid of Sentencing, reprinted in Supplement to Appendix for Appellant at 3 n. * — the District Judge was informed of the exact terms of the plea agreement. Thus, this case is unlike those in which a post-sentence application informs the trial court, for the first time, of a plea agreement term that the prosecutor allegedly failed to honor. See, e.g., United States v. Hammerman, 528 F.2d 326 (4th Cir.1975) (allegation that prosecutor had, unbeknown to sentencing judge, led defendant to believe judge would follow government’s sentencing recommendation); Dugan v. United States, 521 F.2d 231 (5th Cir.1975) (allegation that government officials had, unbeknown to sentencing judge, promised defendant a maximum sentence of four years).

Here, the District Court comprehended from the government’s written and oral presentations that thirty years, not more, was the government’s recommendation. Inclusion of the words “at least” in the government’s presentence memorandum shadowed an otherwise clear picture, and we admonish the government to avoid occasions for questioning its meticulous adherence to the terms of a plea bargain. See Santobello, supra. In view of the facts of this case, however, we are persuaded that no “manifest injustice” has occurred. See Fed.R.Crim.P. 32(d). [2]

[*120] For the reasons stated, the judgment from which this appeal has been taken is

Affirmed.

1

. Bullock faced multiple federal charges relating to the distribution of heroin.

2

. Appellant relied heavily, both in his brief and at oral argument, on Correale v. United States, 479 F.2d 944 (1st Cir.1973). We think that[*120] reliance misplaced: Corréale’s “fundamental complaint,” with which the First Circuit agreed, was that the sentence the prosecution promised to recommend was illegal, and thus the plea agreement was “impossible of fulfillment.” Id. at 946, 946-47. No such problem was present here.