Rolf Kaestel v. A.L. Lockhart, Dir. of the Arkansas Dep't of Corr., 746 F.2d 1323 (8th Cir. 1984). · Go Syfert
Rolf Kaestel v. A.L. Lockhart, Dir. of the Arkansas Dep't of Corr., 746 F.2d 1323 (8th Cir. 1984). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
38 citation events (11 in the last 25 years) across 15 distinct courts.
Treatment trajectory · 1986 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1986 2006 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 28 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Charging Crow v. Benting
D.S.D. · 2025 · confidence medium
The Eighth Circuit has held that “indigent inmates have no constitutional right to free postage for nonlegal mail.” Hershberger v. Scaletta, 33 F.3d 955, 957 (8th Cir. 1994) (citing Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1325 (8th_.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jones-El v. Godert
E.D. Mo. · 2019 · confidence medium
See Smith v. Erickson, 884 F.2d 1108, 1111 (8th Cir. 1989); Herschberger v. Scaletta, 33 F.3d 955 , 957 n.4 (8th Cir. 1994) (inmates could receive free postage for personal mail through their prison counselor); Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1325 (8th Cir. 1984) (inmates could receive postage assistance through the chaplain's fund).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Toney v. Cash (3×)
W.D. Ark. · 2019 · confidence medium
Blaise v. Fenn, 48 F.3d 337, 339 (8th Cir. 1995); Herschberger v. Scaletta, 33 F.3d 955 , 957 (8th Cir. 1994); Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1325 (8th Cir. 1984).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Griffin v. Cash (2×)
W.D. Ark. · 2019 · confidence medium
Blaise v. Fenn, 48 F.3d 337, 339 (8th Cir. 1995); Herschberger v. Scaletta, 33 F.3d 955 , 957 (8th Cir. 1994); Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1325 (8th Cir. 1984).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Pacheco v. Comisse
N.D.N.Y. · 1995 · confidence medium
The Eighth Circuit in Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1325 (8th Cir.1984), while applying a more stringent standard than subsequently required by Thornburgh , held that a policy prohibiting stamps from being mailed into a facility was constitutional because it was tailored to serve the interest of preventing introduction of stamps into the prison, which might be used by prisoners as a form of currency.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Robinson v. Boulier
8th Cir. · 1995 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Petrolera Caribe, Inc. v. Arco Caribbean, Inc., 754 F.2d 404, 409-10 (1st Cir. 1985); cf. Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1324 (8th Cir. 1984) (per curiam).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hershberger v. Scaletta (2×)
8th Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1325 (8th Cir.1984). 4 Therefore, the magistrate judge correctly ruled in favor of the reformatory on this point.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hershberger v. Scaletta
8th Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
We relied on Procunier’s standard in Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1325 (8th Cir.1984), and Watts, 588 F.2d at 649-50 , both non-First Amendment eases, in which we held that the rights of prisoners to communicate with inmates in other institutions and receive loose postal stamps are subject to reasonable and necessary restrictions related to legitimate institutional interests.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Hershberger v. Scaletta
N.D. Iowa · 1993 · confidence medium
Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1325 (8th Cir. 1984).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Keith Gibb v. John Scott, Keith Gibb v. World Book, Inc.
8th Cir. · 1992 · confidence medium
Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1324 (8th Cir.1984) (per curiam); see also Layton v. United States, 919 F.2d 1333, 1335 (8th Cir.1990).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Dan T. Slaughter v. U.S. Department of Justice
D.C. Cir. · 1991 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Cf. Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1324 (8th Cir.1984) (failure to inform pro se prisoner of summary judgment requirements was harmless error where the litigant "filed a meaningful response to the motion" and there was no genuine dispute as to any issue of material fact); see also Little v. Norris, 787 F.2d 1241 , 1243 & n. 3 (8th Cir.1986) (no error to grant summary judgment against pro se prisoner who had responded to motion, where officials admitted existence of allegedly unconstitutional policies and sole issue was whether policies violated Constitution). * 6 The Supreme Court in Wils…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Albert Jones, Plaintiff-Counter-Defendant-Appellant v. The Automobile Insurance Company of Hartford, Connecticut, Defendant-Counter-Claimant-Appellee
11th Cir. · 1990 · confidence medium
Co. v. Copeland, 786 F.2d 649, 653 (5th Cir.1986) (”[T]his Court has recently recognized that denying the ten-day notice may be harmless under the facts of a particular case. ...”); Gay v. Wall, 761 F.2d 175, 177 (4th Cir.1985) ("When a party is aware that material outside the pleadings is before the court, the party is on notice that a Rule 12(b)(6) motion may be treated as a motion for summary judgment.”); Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1324 (8th Cir.1984) (”[N]on-compliance in limited circumstances may constitute harmless error.”); Gutwein v. Roche Laboratories, 739 F.2d 93, …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Joseph Lazzara v. Howard A. Esser, Inc., and Third-Party v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Company of Illinois, Inc. And Reliance Insurance Company of Illinois, Inc., Third-Party
3rd Cir. · 1986 · confidence medium
See Malak v. Associated Physicians, Inc., 784 F.2d 277, 280-81 (7th Cir.1986); Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1324 (8th Cir.1984); Coldwell Banker & Co. v. Karlock, 686 F.2d 596, 605 (7th Cir.1982); Chicago-Midwest Meat Association v. City of Evanston, 589 F.2d 278, 282 (7th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 442 U.S. 946 , 99 S.Ct. 2895 , 61 L.Ed.2d 318 (1979).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lazzara v. Howard A. Esser, Inc.
7th Cir. · 1986 · confidence medium
See Malak v. Associated Physicians, Inc., 784 F.2d 277, 280-81 (7th Cir.1986); Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1324 (8th Cir.1984); Coldwell Banker & Co. v. Karlock, 686 F.2d 596, 605 (7th Cir.1982); Chicago-Midwest Meat Association v. City of Evanston, 589 F.2d 278, 282 (7th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 442 U.S. 946 , 99 S.Ct. 2895 , 61 L.Ed.2d 318 (1979).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Edward Eugene Little v. Larry Norris, Warden, Tucker Maximum Security Unit A.L. Lockhart, Director, Arkansas Department of Correction (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
8th Cir. · 1986 · confidence medium
In Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1325 (8th Cir.1984), we directly addressed this issue and held that “the prohibition against the receipt and use of postal stamps was constitutional.” Little also states in the first complaint that he was sentenced to thirty days in punitive isolation, and while on punitive status he was denied the right to receive or send personal correspondence.
discussed Cited "see" Rick Merechka v. Vigilant Insurance Company
8th Cir. · 2022 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1324 (8th Cir. 1984) (per curiam) (concluding that “the district court’s failure to give notice” may be “harmless error” if the “appellant [is] not prejudiced”).
discussed Cited "see" Cheriese Kiddie v. Johnnie Copeland
8th Cir. · 2021 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1324 (8th Cir. 1984) (suggesting when a party was “not prejudiced,” then the “failure to give notice was harmless error”); see also Gibson v. Mayor & Council of City of Wilmington, 355 F.3d 215, 224 (3d Cir. 2004) (affirming a sua-sponte summary judgment when the “record” was “fully developed,” there was a “lack of prejudice,” and the “decision [was] based on a purely legal issue”).
cited Cited "see" Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. American Home Products Corp.
N.D. Iowa · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1324 (8th Cir.1984) (per curiam).
cited Cited "see" Country Club Estates, L.L.C. Country Club Estates, Inc. Villas of Loma Linda, L.L.C. Loma Linda Estates, Inc. Excalibur Land and Investments, Inc. And Loma Linda Development, Inc. v. The Town of Loma Linda
8th Cir. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1324 (8th Cir. 1984) (per curiam).
cited Cited "see" Country Club Estates, L.L.C. v. Town of Loma Linda
8th Cir. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1324 (8th Cir.1984) (per curiam).
cited Cited "see" Allen v. Wood
E.D. Wash. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1324 (8th Cir.1984).
discussed Cited "see" Dupont v. DuBois
1st Cir. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1325 (8th Cir.1984) (per curiam) (prison could prohibit the receipt of postal stamps through incoming mail in order to prevent inmates from using them as a source of currency outside their regular prison accounts; inmates could obtain pre-stamped envelopes from the commissary and some funds were available for postage for indigent inmates) (applying Procunier standard); accord Pacheco v. Comisse, 897 F.Supp. 671, 682 (N.D.N.Y.1995) (applying Turner standard). 14 Seizures of Legal Materials.
cited Cited "see" Hrehorovich v. Harbor Hospital Center, Inc.
Md. Ct. Spec. App. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1324 (8th Cir.1984).
cited Cited "see" Jerry Wayne Smith v. Robert Erickson, Helene Haworth, Richard Craven, Rudy Kohler, Robert L. Aufderhar, James J. Ryan, Harold C. Hansen, Tim Scott
8th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1325 (8th Cir.1984) (per curiam).
cited Cited "see" Jerome Sueing v. Robert Brown, Jr., Director, Michigan Department of Corrections
6th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1325 (8th Cir.1984); Morgan v. LaVallee, 526 F.2d 221, 225 (2d Cir.1975).
discussed Cited "see" White v. Lewis (2×)
Ariz. Ct. App. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1325 (8th Cir.1984).
discussed Cited "see" Boston Celtics Limited Partnership v. Brian Shaw
1st Cir. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
The district court itself said at hearing that “there simply is not more information that would affect the decision in this case.” It is well-established that “where no potential disputed material issue of fact exists, a summary judgment will not be disturbed even though the district court disregarded the procedure which should have been followed.” Milwaukee Typographical Union No. 23 v. Newspapers, Inc., 639 F.2d 386, 391 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 838 , 102 S.Ct. 144 , 70 L.Ed.2d 119 (1981); see Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323, 1324 (8th Cir.1984) (same); General Elec.
cited Cited "see" Richard M. Moody v. Town of Weymouth
1st Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kaestel v. Lockhart, 746 F.2d 1323 (8th Cir.1984).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Rolf KAESTEL, Appellant,
v.
A.L. LOCKHART, Director of the Arkansas Department of Correction, Appellee
84-1456.
Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.
Nov 19, 1984.
746 F.2d 1323
Rolf Kaestel, pro se., Steve Clark, Atty. Gen., and Carter Hardage, Asst. Atty. Gen., Little Rock, Ark., for appellee.
Heaney, Bright, Ross.
Cited by 31 opinions  |  Published
PER CURIAM.

Rolf Kaestel, an inmate of the Arkansas Department of Corrections (the Department), appeals pro se from a final order of the district court [1] granting summary judgment in favor of appellee Lockhart, the Director of the Department. We affirm. FACTS

On January 6, 1984, appellant filed an action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 challenging the Department’s prohibition on the receipt and use of postal stamps and failure to provide indigent inmates with reasonable free postage for nonlegal mail. In his complaint appellant acknowledged that prestamped envelopes were available through the commissary and that on a limited basis chaplains’ funds were available for postage for indigent inmates personal mail. Appellant, however, asserted that he and other indigent inmates were deprived of their[*1324] constitutional right to meaningful personal correspondence.

On January 30, 1984, pursuant to Fed.R. Civ.P. 12(b)(6), appellee filed a motion to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. In support of the motion appellee filed a brief and an affidavit attached to the brief. In his brief appellee conceded that, as demonstrated by the affidavit, the Department prohibited the receipt and use of loose postal stamps. Appellee, however, asserted that, as stated in the affidavit, the policy was justified for security reasons in that the loose postal stamps had a face monetary value and could be bartered. On February 6, appellant filed a response to the motion to dismiss. He prefaced his response by stating that he was handicapped in his ability to respond because he had not received a copy of appellee’s affidavit. In his response, appellant argued that the Department’s proffered security interest was not substantial because inmates bartered the prestamped envelopes and that it was irrational to equate stamps with currency because of the small face value of a stamp.

Appellee admits that appellant did not receive a copy of the affidavit with the brief. However, on February 29 a copy of the affidavit was hand-delivered to appellant.

By order filed March 21, 1984, the district court granted summary judgment in favor of appellee. The court stated that because it had considered the affidavit attached to the appellee’s brief, the court would treat the motion to dismiss as one for summary judgment.

DISCUSSION

A. Notice

Appellant argues that the district court committed reversible error when it converted appellee’s 12(b)(6) motion into a motion for summary judgment without affording him notice and an opportunity to respond. “Under Rule 12(b)[6], Fed.R. Civ.P., a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted shall be treated as one for summary judgment if matters outside the pleadings are presented to and considered by the court.” Inland Container Corp. v. Continental Insurance Co., 726 F.2d 400, 401 (8th Cir.1984) (per curiam). A motion for summary judgment must be served “at least 10 days before the time fixed for a hearing” to afford the opposing party an opportunity to present counter affidavits. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). This court has required strict compliance with the notice requirement. Tyler v. Harper, 744 F.2d 653 at 657 (8th Cir.1984) (citing Jensen v. Klecker, 599 F.2d 243, 245 (8th Cir.1979) (per curiam); Winfrey v. Brewer, 570 F.2d 761, 764 (8th Cir.1978); Ailshire v. Darnell, 508 F.2d 526, 528 (8th Cir.1974)). We, however, have held that noncompliance in limited circumstances may constitute harmless error. Tyler v. Harper, at 657 (citing Green v. White, 693 F.2d 45, 47 (8th Cir.1982), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 103 S.Ct. 2464, 77 L.Ed.2d 1341 (1983); Kelsey v. State of Minnesota, 565 F.2d 503, 506 n. 2 (8th Cir.1977)).

On the facts of this case, we find that the district court’s failure to give notice was harmless error. We are persuaded that appellant was not prejudiced. Appellee’s motion to dismiss restated the essential points of the affidavit and appellant filed a meaningful response to the motion. Furthermore, we note that appellant received the affidavit 22 days before entry of the judgment and appellant asserts in his brief that on receipt of the affidavit he was aware that he could file opposing material. Finally, and most importantly, there was no dispute as to any issue of material fact. See Milwaukee Typographical Union No. 23 v. Newspapers, Inc., 639 F.2d 386, 391 (7th Cir.) (“where no potential disputed material issue of fact exists, summary judgment will not be disturbed even though the district court disregarded the procedure which should have been followed”), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 838, 102 S.Ct. 144, 70 L.Ed.2d 119 (1981).

[*1325] 6. Constitutionality of postage regulations

In granting the state’s motion for summary judgment, the district court correctly found that the prohibition against the receipt and use of postal stamps was constitutional. Although recognizing that this case was not a censorship case, the district court looked to Procunier v. Martinez, 416 U.S. 396, 94 S.Ct. 1800, 40 L.Ed.2d 224 (1974). In Procunier, the Supreme Court held that when implementation of a prison policy affects first amendment rights, a court must determine whether or not the policy furthers “an important or substantial governmental interest unrelated to suppression of expression[,]” such as an interest in prison security, and that “the limitation * * * must be no greater than is necessary or essential to the protection of the particular governmental interest involved.” Id. at 413, 94 S.Ct. at 1811. We agree with the district court that the challenged policy advanced the interest of penal security and order in prohibiting contraband trading, and that the intrusion was minimal and no greater than was necessary.

In addition, we find that the district court did not err in concluding that the state need not provide postage for indigents’ nonlegal mail. Although appellant asserts that he is not requesting unlimited postage but only reasonable postage for personal mail, the district court noted that the state does provide indigent inmates with limited postage assistance through the chaplains’ fund. As appellee points out, more restrictive mail policies have been found constitutional. See Jensen v. Klecker, 648 F.2d 1179, 1183 (8th Cir.1981) (per curiam) (inmates have no right to “unlimited free access to mails”); Twyman v. Crisp, 584 F.2d 352, 359 (10th Cir.1978) (states not required to pay postage on all legal mail; “[rjeasonable regulations are necessary to balance the rights of prisoners with budgetary considerations”).

Accordingly, the judgment of the district court is affirmed.

1

. The Honorable Henry Woods, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Arkansas.