Diana T. Vorsheck John P. Vorsheck v. Comm'r of Internal Revenue Serv., 933 F.2d 757 (9th Cir. 1991). · Go Syfert
Diana T. Vorsheck John P. Vorsheck v. Comm'r of Internal Revenue Serv., 933 F.2d 757 (9th Cir. 1991). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
57 citation events (5 in the last 25 years) across 7 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Balboa Energy Fund v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Service (ca9, 1996-02-28)
Treatment trajectory · 1991 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1991 2008 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 19 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Balboa Energy Fund v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Service
9th Cir. · 1996 · confidence medium
For an activity to generate deductions under § 162, the taxpayer must show " 'that the activity was entered into with the dominant hope and intent of realizing a profit.' " Vorsheck v. Commissioner, 933 F.2d 757, 758 (9th Cir.) (quoting Brannen v. Commissioner, 722 F.2d 695, 704 (11th Cir.1984)), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 984 (1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Larry O. Gill and Quilting Creations by D.J., Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
6th Cir. · 1996 · confidence medium
Thus, courts "review the ... decision to waive or allow the penalty to stand for abuse of discretion." McCoy Enterprises v. Commissioner, 58 F.3d 557, 562 (10th Cir.1995). 35 The Treasury Regulations promulgated under this statute provide that "if it was reasonable for the taxpayer to rely upon the advice of an accountant under the circumstances, and the taxpayer did so in good faith, then the Commissioner may waive the penalty." Vorsheck v. Commissioner, 933 F.2d 757, 759 (9th Cir.1991) (citing Treas.Reg. § 1.6661-6(b)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) V-1 Oil Co. v. United States
D. Idaho · 1995 · confidence medium
Reg. § 1.6661-6 ; Vorsheck v. Commissioner, 933 F.2d 757, 759 (9th Cir.1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Peat Oil & Gas Assocs. v. Commissioner
Tax Ct. · 1993 · confidence medium
Simon v. Commissioner, 830 F.2d 449, 500 (3d Cir. 1987); Antonides v. Commissioner, 893 F.2d 656, 659 (4th Cir. 1990); Agro Science Co. v. Commissioner, 934 F.2d 573, 576 (5th Cir. 1991); Bryant v. Commissioner, 928 F.2d 745, 749 (6th Cir. 1991); Nickerson v. Commissioner, 700 F.2d 402, 404 (7th Cir. 1983); Vorsheck v. Commissioner, 933 F.2d 757, 758 (9th Cir. 1991); Nickeson v. Commissioner, 962 F.2d 973, 976 (10th Cir. 1992); Brannen v. Commissioner, 722 F.2d 695, 704 (11th Cir. 1984).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Patricia J. McConnell v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Service
9th Cir. · 1993 · confidence medium
McConnell timely appeals. 6 A taxpayer may deduct "all ordinary and necessary expenses paid or incurred in carrying on any trade or business." 26 U.S.C. § 162 ; Vorsheck v. Commissioner, 933 F.2d 757, 758 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 112 S.Ct. 591 (1991).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Ron Lapin v. Commissioner, Internal Revenue Service
9th Cir. · 1992 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Cf. Vorsheck v. C.I.R., 933 F.2d 757, 759 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 112 S.Ct. 591 (1991).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Richard Hittleman, Linda Hittleman v. Commissioner Internal Revenue Service
9th Cir. · 1991 · confidence medium
See Norgaard v. Commissioner, 939 F.2d 874, 880 (9th Cir.1991); Vorsheck v. Commissioner, 933 F.2d 757, 759 (9th Cir.1991).
discussed Cited "see" Garcia v. Comm'r
Tax Ct. · 2012 · signal: see · confidence high
See Vorsheck v. Commissioner , 933 F.2d 757 , 759 (9th Cir. 1991) (taxpayers who relied upon their accountant and knew nothing about tax law not liable for penalties).
cited Cited "see" Adkerson v. United States
N.D. Cal. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See Vorsheck v. Commissioner, 933 F.2d 757, 758 (9th Cir.1991).
discussed Cited "see" Lew Warden v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Service
9th Cir. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See I.R.C. § 162. 5 For an activity to generate deductions under section 162, we have clearly stated that a taxpayer must show "that the activity was entered into with the dominant hope and intent of realizing a profit." Vorsheck v. Commissioner, 933 F.2d 757, 758 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 984 (1991).
cited Cited "see" Medieval Attractions N v. v. Commissioner
Tax Ct. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Vorshek v. Commissioner , 933 F.2d 757 , 759 (9th Cir. 1991) .
cited Cited "see" George S. Mauerman v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
10th Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Vorsheck v. Commissioner, 933 F.2d 757, 759 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 112 S.Ct. 591 , 116 L.Ed.2d 615 (1991); Heasley v. Commissioner, 902 F.2d 380, 385 (5th Cir.1990).
discussed Cited "see" Reinhardt v. Commissioner
Tax Ct. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Vorsheck v. Commissioner , 933 F.2d 757 , 758-759 (9th Cir. 1991) , affg. in part and revg. in part an Oral Opinion of this Court; Otis v. Commissioner , 73 T.C. 671 , 675 (1980) ; Woody v. Commissioner , 19 T.C. 350 , 355 (1952) (Court reviewed); Lyons v. Commissioner , T.C.
cited Cited "see" Lindsey v. Commissioner
Tax Ct. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Vorsheck v. Commissioner , 933 F.2d 757 (9th Cir. 1991) (per *409 curiam), affg. and revg. an oral opinion of this Court.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Olive v. Commissioner
9th Cir. · 2015 · signal: see also · confidence medium
Bar Endowment, 477 U.S. 105 , 110 n. 1, 106 S.Ct. 2426 , 91 L.Ed.2d 89 (1986) (quoting Br annen v. Comm’r, 722 F.2d 695, 704 (11th Cir.1984)); see also Vorsheck v. Comm’r, 933 F.2d 757, 758 (9th Cir.1991) (per curiam) (applying the same standard to § 162(a) deductions).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Gallade v. Commissioner (2×)
unknown court · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence low
Reliance on the advice of professionals is tantamount to acting in a reasonable manner if "under all the circumstances, such reliance [is] reasonable and the taxpayer acted in good faith." Sec. 1.6661-6(b), Income Tax Regs. ; see also Vorsheck v. Commissioner , 933 F.2d 757 , 759 (9th Cir. 1991) ; Shelton v. Commissioner , 105 T.C. 114 , 125 (1995) ; Nestle Holdings, Inc. v. Commissioner , supra .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Alfred E. Gallade v. Commissioner
Tax Ct. · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence medium
Reliance on the advice of professionals is tantamount to acting in a reasonable manner if “under all the circumstances, such reliance [is] reasonable and the taxpayer acted in good faith.” Sec. 1.6661-6(b), Income Tax Regs.; see also Vorsheck v. Commissioner, 933 F.2d 757, 759 (9th Cir. 1991); Shelton v. Commissioner, 105 T.C. 114, 125 (1995); Nestle Holdings, Inc. v. Commissioner, supra. On the basis of these facts, we find that petitioner did act as an ordinarily prudent person in the circumstances.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Smoky Mountain Secrets, Inc. v. United States
E.D. Tenn. · 1995 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Vorsheck v. Commissioner, 933 F.2d 757 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 984 , 112 S.Ct. 591 , 116 L.Ed.2d 615 (1991).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Hill v. Commissioner
Tax Ct. · 1993 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare with Vorsheck v. Commissioner , 933 F.2d 757 , 759 (9th Cir. 1991) (holding that reasonable reliance on investment advice that is sufficient to negate the section 6661 addition to tax), affg. in part and revg. in part an Oral Opinion of this Court.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Diana T. VORSHECK; John P. Vorsheck, Petitioners-Appellants,
v.
COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, Respondent-Appellee
Diana Yorsheck and John P. Yorsheck, pro se., Shirley D. Peterson, Tax Div., U.S. Dept, of Justice, Washington, D.C., for respondent-appellee.
Browning, Goodwin, Per Curiam, Poole.
Cited by 52 opinions  |  Published
PER CURIAM:

Diana Todaro Vorsheck and John P. Vor-sheck appeal pro se the tax court’s decision upholding the Commissioner of Internal Revenue’s (“Commissioner”) determination of a tax deficiency of $10,910 for the 1982 tax year. The tax court upheld the Commissioner’s disallowance of a deduction for losses incurred through their investment in Western Reserve Oil & Gas Co., Ltd. (“WROG”), a limited partnership, because WROG did not have a profit motive. In addition, the tax court upheld the 10% penalty for substantial understatement of income tax pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 6661. The Vorshecks contend that they invested in WROG with an intent to make a profit, and that they should not be liable for the penalty under section 6661 because they acted reasonably in their investment. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 7482, and affirm in part, reverse in part.

The tax court’s rulings of law are reviewable de novo. Vukasovich, Inc. v. Commissioner, 790 F.2d 1409, 1413 (9th Cir.1986). The issue of whether the Vorshecks invested in WROG with the requisite profit motive is a finding of fact reviewable for clear error. Baxter v. Commissioner, 816 F.2d 493, 495-96 (9th Cir. 1987).

I

Deficiency Determination

Section 162 of the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”), 26 U.S.C. § 162, allows deductions for all ordinary and necessary expenses paid or incurred in carrying on any trade or business. Section 167 of the Code allows a depreciation deduction for property used in trade or business. 26 U.S.C. § 167. Before a deduction is allowed under these sections, “it must be shown that the activity was entered into with the dominant hope and intent of realizing a profit.” Brannen v. Commissioner, 722 F.2d 695, 704 (9th Cir.1984). The petitioner has the burden of showing she entered into the transaction with a profit motive. Baxter, 816 F.2d at 495. When the profit motive of a limited partnership is at issue, the tax court makes its determination of profit at the partnership level. Polakof v. Commissioner, 820 F.2d 321, 323 (9th Cir.1987).

In Ferrell v. Commissioner, 90 T.C. 1154 (1988), the tax court found that WROG did not have a profit motive, did not engage in a trade or business, and was carried on to enrich its organizers and offer investors a tax shelter. Id. at 1198-99. The law in the Ninth Circuit is well settled that profit motive is determined at the partnership level. See Polakof 820 F.2d at 323. Although the Vorshecks may have invested in WROG with the intent of realizing a profit, they are bound by the motive of the partnership, as determined in Ferrell. Thus, the tax court correctly decided that the Vorshecks failed to distinguish their case from Ferrell. Accordingly, we affirm the tax court’s decision upholding the Commissioner’s determination of a $10,-910 deficiency in the Vorshecks’s taxes for the 1982 tax year.

II

Section 6661 Penalty

The Vorshecks argue that even if they are liable for the deficiency, they acted reasonably and in good faith and therefore should not be liable for a penalty under 26 U.S.C. § 6661. [1] Section 6661 provides that if there is a substantial understatement of income taxes, a penalty of 10 percent of the amount of the understate[*759] ment shall be added to the tax. 26 U.S.C. § 6661(a). An understatement is substantial if it exceeds $5,000 or 10 percent of the income tax for the taxable year. 26 U.S.C. § 6661(b)(1)(A). Section 6661(c) provides that the Secretary may waive the penalty “on a showing by the taxpayer that there was reasonable cause for the understatement ... and that the taxpayer acted in good faith.”

According to the Treasury Regulations promulgated under this statute:

Reliance on an information return or on the advice of a professional (such as an appraiser, an attorney, or an accountant) would not necessarily constitute a showing of reasonable cause and good faith_ Reliance on an information return, professional advice, or other facts, however, would constitute a showing of reasonable cause and good faith if, under all the circumstances, such reliance was reasonable and the taxpayer acted in good faith.

Treas. Reg. § 1.6661-6(b). Thus, if it was reasonable for the taxpayer to rely upon the advice of an accountant under the circumstances, and the taxpayer did so in good faith, then the Commissioner may waive the penalty. See also Heasley v. Commissioner, 902 F.2d 380, 383 (5th Cir. 1990) (couple with no advanced business experience or sophisticated business knowledge who invested in tax shelter on the advice of their financial advisor were not liable for penalty under section 6661 because, “[g]iven [their] inexperience and limited knowledge about investing, and their level of education, their misunderstanding is reasonable” and the penalty should be waived).

Here, the tax court found that, although the fact that WROG was a tax shelter would have been apparent to an “experienced businessman,” the Vorshecks were not sophisticated business persons. [2] “[T]hey relied upon the advice of their trusted tax adviser who assured them that they would obtain certain deductions.”

On the basis of its evaluation of the motives and experience of the Vorshecks, the tax court denied the penalties under sections 6653 and 6659. The tax court, however, found that the Vorshecks were liable for the penalty under section 6661. We do not agree. If the Vorshecks were acting as “an ordinary prudent person in the circumstances,” then their reliance upon the investment advice of their accountant was “reasonable” and “in good faith under all the circumstances.” See Treas.Reg. § 1 — 6661.6(b); Heasley, 902 F.2d at 385. Thus, the Vorshecks meet the standard for waiver of the penalty under section 6661. Accordingly, we reverse the tax court’s decision upholding the Commissioner’s assessment of a 10% penalty under section 6661.

AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART.

1

. The tax court found that because the Vor-shecks were not negligent, they were not liable for penalties or additions to tax under section 6653 or section 6659.

2

. The tax court found:

Petitioners in this case did not have that kind of business experience. They knew nothing about the tax laws. They relied upon their advisor. They knew nothing about the circumstances in which they would be expected to obtain special advice. In my judgment, they acted as an ordinary prudent person in the circumstances.