People v. Warren, 489 N.E.2d 240 (NY 1985). · Go Syfert
People v. Warren, 489 N.E.2d 240 (NY 1985). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
84 citation events (35 in the last 25 years) across 9 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: The People v. Benito Lendof-Gonzalez (ny, 2020-11-24)
Treatment trajectory · 1985 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1985 2005 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 14 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) The People v. Benito Lendof-Gonzalez
NY · 2020 · confidence medium
Here, in stark contrast, despite a specific intent to kill, an agreement with a confederate to commit the crimes, and acts corroborating that agreement, there was no evidence of any acts that carried the murder plot “forward within dangerous proximity to the criminal end to be attained” (People v Warren, 66 NY2d 831, 832 [1985]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Johnson
N.Y. App. Div. · 2019 · confidence medium
Instead, the People were required to prove that defendant intended to commit the crimes of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third and fourth degrees and that he "committed an act or acts that carried the project forward within dangerous proximity to the criminal end to be attained" — requirements that were satisfied by the People's evidence ( People v Warren , 66 NY2d 831, 832 [1985]; see People v Rosica , 199 AD2d 773, 775 [1993], lv denied 83 NY2d 876 [1994]; see also People v Jackson , 121 AD3d 1185 , 1188-1189 [2014], lv denied 25 NY3d 1202 [2015]). [FN3] Defendant's …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Omwathath
N.Y. App. Term. · 2013 · confidence medium
An attempt to commit an offense (see Penal Law § 110.00) “requires a showing that [the] defendant committed an act or acts that carried the project forward within dangerous proximity to the criminal end to be attained” (People v Warren, 66 NY2d 831, 832 [1985]; see also People v Gajadhar, 38 AD3d 127, 135 [2007] [while the final act necessary to commit the offense may not have occurred, this “does not require the conclusion that steps taken in furtherance of this objective cannot constitute an attempt”]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Efrain Rivera-Ramos (2×)
9th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
Following the Second Circuit, we hold that New York’s definition, which requires conduct that comes within a “dangerous proximity to the criminal end to be attained,” People v. Warren, 66 N.Y.2d 831, 832-33 (1985) (emphasis added), is no broader than the definition at common law, which requires a “substantial step towards com- mitting the crime,” United States v. Sarbia, 367 F.3d 1079 , 11534 UNITED STATES v. RIVERA-RAMOS 1085-86 (9th Cir. 2004) (emphasis added).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Pao Fun
N.Y. City Crim. Ct. · 2007 · confidence medium
In that event, the defendant, without committing the completed crime, would have intentionally engaged in conduct that tended to effect its commission (see Penal Law § 110.00) and came “within dangerous proximity to the criminal end to be attained” (People v Warren, 66 NY2d 831, 832 [1985] [citations omitted]; see also People v Mahboubian, 74 NY2d 174, 190 [1989] [attempt must come “very near” or “dangerously near” to the accomplishment of the intended crime] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Spagnualo
N.Y. App. Div. · 2004 · confidence medium
Defendant contends that the acts alleged by the victim do not constitute an “attempt” to rape her under Penal Law § 110.00, which provides that “[a] person is guilty of an attempt to commit a crime when, with intent to commit a crime, he [or she] engages in conduct which tends to effect the commission of such crime.” In demarcating the line between punishable “attempts” and mere preparations to commit a crime, the Court of Appeals has concluded that a “line has been drawn between those acts which are remote and those which are proximate and . . . very near to the accomplishment …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Sanoguet
N.Y. Sup. Ct. · 1993 · confidence medium
(People v Warren, 66 NY2d 831, 833.) 2 Of course, merely because the police uncover a plan to commit a crime and take steps to prevent its completion does not preclude the liability of those involved for the crime of attempt.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Mahboubian
NY · 1989 · confidence medium
Other factors that have been considered are the temporal and geographic proximity between the act and the object crime, the existence of "several contingencies” standing between the act and the object crime (see, e.g., People v Warren, supra, at 833) and the remoteness or immediacy of the act in relation to that crime (People v Rizzo, supra, at 337 ).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Borzuko v. City of New York Police Department Property Clerk
N.Y. Sup. Ct. · 1987 · confidence medium
"A person is guilty of an attempt to commit a crime when, with intent to commit a crime, he engages in conduct which tends to effect the commission of such crime.” (Penal Law § 110.00.) "In addition to proof of intent to commit a specific crime (People v Kane, 161 NY 380 ), the statute requires a showing that defendant committed an act or acts that carried the project forward within dangerous proximity to the criminal end to be attained” (People v Warren, 66 NY2d 831, 832 [1985]).
discussed Cited "see" People v. Horner
N.Y. App. Div. · 2002 · signal: see · confidence high
“A person is guilty of an attempt to commit a crime when, with intent to commit a crime, he engages in conduct which tends to effect the commission of such crime” (Penal Law § 110.00; see People v Warren, 66 NY2d 831, 832 ).
examined Cited "see" United States v. Pablo Fernandez-Antonia, AKA \Pablo Fernandez\"" (3×)
2d Cir. · 2002 · signal: see · confidence high
See People v. Acosta, 80 N.Y.2d 665, 676 , 593 N.Y.S.2d 978, 985 , 609 N.E.2d 518, 525 (1993) (“This Court has held that Penal Law § 110.00 requires a showing that defendant ‘committed an act or acts that carried the project forward within dangerous proximity to the criminal end to be attained.’ ” (Smith, J., dissenting) (quoting People v. Warren, 66 N.Y.2d 831, 832 , 498 N.Y.S.2d 353, 354 , 489 N.E.2d 240, 241 (1985))); People v. Bracey, 41 N.Y.2d 296 , 300, 392 N.Y.S.2d 412 , 415, 360 N.E.2d 1094 , 1097 (1977); People v. Fair, 269 A.D.2d 91, 94 , 711 N.Y.S.2d 196, 198 (3d Dep’t), …
discussed Cited "see" People v. Hissin
N.Y. App. Div. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
“A person is guilty of an attempt to commit a crime when, with intent to commit a crime, he engages in conduct which tends to effect the commission of such crime” (Penal Law § 110.00; see, People v Warren, 66 NY2d 831, 832 ; People v Mann, 216 AD2d 796 , lv denied 86 NY2d 797 ).
discussed Cited "see" People v. Mann
N.Y. App. Div. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
"A person is guilty of an attempt to commit a crime when, with intent to commit a crime, he engages in conduct which tends to effect the commission of such crime” (Penal Law § 110.00; see, People v Warren, 66 NY2d 831, 832-833 ).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." People v. Gray
N.Y. App. Div. · 2001 · signal: compare · confidence low
Defendant’s solicitation of the cocaine was necessarily incidental to that possession, and application of Penal Law § 20.10 limits the culpability of defendant to that resulting from his own conduct (see, People v Manini, 79 NY2d 561, 569-572 ; see also, People v Allen, 92 NY2d 378, 383-384 ; compare, People v Warren, 66 NY2d 831 ), i.e., conspiracy in the second degree (see, People v Gray, 284 AD2d 1012 [decided herewith]).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
The People of the State of New York
v.
Anthony Warren, Respondent The People of the State of New York v. Anthony Warren and Donald Agostinelli
New York Court of Appeals.
Nov 14, 1985.
489 N.E.2d 240
APPEARANCES OF COUNSEL, Howard R. Relin, District Attorney (Kathleen A. Majewski of counsel), for appellant., Edward J. Nowak, Public Defender (Susan K. Cable of counsel), for Anthony Warren, respondent., Norman A. Palmiere for Donald Agostinelli, respondent.
Cited by 39 opinions  |  Published

[*832] OPINION OF THE COURT

Memorandum.

The orders of the Appellate Division should be affirmed.

Indictments charging defendants with attempted criminal possession of a controlled substance were dismissed for legal insufficiency of the evidence before the Grand Jury, a conclusion affirmed by the Appellate Division. The testimony before the Grand Jury established that informant "JWB” met with defendants, to whom he had previously sold cocaine, at a hotel on September 20, 1983. Defendants said they wanted to purchase about half a pound of cocaine, and JWB agreed that he and his source would pick it up and have it available for delivery in a day or two. At about 3:00 p.m. on September 22, JWB and his source — an undercover police officer — met with defendants in the same hotel. After discussing the quality of the cocaine, defendants agreed to purchase eight ounces at $2,050 per ounce. The transaction was not consummated, however, for several reasons. JWB and the police officer had only six ounces of cocaine available, and defendants did not have with them the $16,400 required for the purchase. Moreover, Agostinelli wanted the cocaine wrapped in four two-ounce packages, while the cocaine supplied to the police officer was wrapped in six one-ounce packages. Agostinelli did not want to receive the cocaine in the hotel room because he feared detection, and said he would meet them in a distant parking lot at about 8:00 p.m. to test the cocaine and effect the transaction. Before the meeting ended, at Agostinelli’s request the officer showed the cocaine to defendants so they could determine the ratio of cocaine rock to loose powder. Both defendants were examining one-ounce bags when police officers, who had been secretly watching the transaction, entered the room and arrested them.

"A person is guilty of an attempt to commit a crime when, with intent to commit a crime, he engages in conduct which tends to effect the commission of such crime” (Penal Law § 110.00). In addition to proof of intent to commit a specific crime (People v Kane, 161 NY 380), the statute requires a showing that defendant committed an act or acts that carried the project forward within dangerous proximity to the criminal end to be attained (see, People v Di Stefano, 38 NY2d 640, 652; see also, People v Bracey, 41 NY2d 296, 300; People v Rizzo, 246 NY 334, 337).

[*833] Here, the defendants did not come very near to the accomplishment of the intended crime. The planned purchase was to take place hours later, in another part of town, after testing. At the time they were arrested, defendants did not possess sufficient funds to make the purchase, and the informant and the police officer did not have sufficient cocaine to make the sale. Thus, several contingencies stood between the agreement in the hotel room and the contemplated purchase.

We decline the People’s suggestion that we adopt the definition of attempt contained in the Model Penal Code (see, American Law Institute, Model Penal Code § 5.01) and applied by the Federal courts. As we recognized in People v Di Stefano (38 NY2d 640, 652, supra), the Legislature, by the revised Penal Law definition of the crime of attempt, did not change the Rizzo rule (see, People v Rizzo, 246 NY 334, 337, supra). Any argument that the standard embodied in the statute needs change should be addressed to the Legislature.

Chief Judge Wachtler and Judges Jasen, Meyer, Kaye, Alexander and Titone concur; Judge Simons taking no part.

Orders affirmed in a memorandum.