United States v. Diane Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914 (5th Cir. 1991). · Go Syfert
United States v. Diane Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914 (5th Cir. 1991). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“the burden of establishing -12- privilege rests on the party who invokes it.”
24 citation events (11 in the last 25 years) across 10 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: EEOC v. Agro Distr LLC (ca5, 2006-11-28)
Treatment trajectory · 1992 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1992 2009 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 20 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) EEOC v. Agro Distr LLC
5th Cir. · 2006 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
the burden of establishing -12- privilege rests on the party who invokes it.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Noel v. Allstate Vehicle & Property Insurance Co
W.D. La. · 2024 · confidence medium
Mar. 4, 2022) (citing United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 916 (5th Cir. 1991), overruled on other grounds by United States v. Dixon, 509 U.S. 688 , 113 S. Ct. 2849 (1993)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Muslow v. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
E.D. La. · 2020 · confidence medium
Sims, 2007 WL 2571941 , at *2 (citing United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 916 (5th Cir. 1991)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In Re Royce Homes, LP
Bankr. S.D. Tex. · 2011 · confidence medium
While the documents may in and of themselves provide a court with sufficient evidence to support a finding of attorney-client privilege, the Fifth Circuit has held that the claimant’s burden extends “to proof of preliminary facts showing that the matter is eligible for protection.” Santa Fe, 272 F.3d at 710 n. 7 (citing United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 916 (5th Cir.1991)); Microtune, 258 F.R.D. at 315 (“Resort to in camera review is appropriate only after the burdened party has submitted detailed evidence to the extent possible.”). 8 As previously noted, one proof of evidenc…
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Lash
5th Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 915 (5th Cir. 1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hewes v. Langston
Miss. · 2003 · confidence medium
Also, the trial judge has given us no hint as to why two of the monthly billing statements were protected, but the rest were not. [4] See Dillard v. Musgrove, 838 So.2d 261, 269-70 (Miss.2003). [5] See id. at 261 & 266. [6] See id., at 262-63 . [7] See id., at 262-63 . [8] See id. at 269-70 . [9] See id. at 264-66 . [10] See id. at 267-70 . [11] See id. at 269-70 . [12] See id. at 266 . [13] See id. at 266 . [14] See id. at 266-67 . [15] See id. at 267 . [16] See attached email. [17] Just one year after the alleged communications between Miller and Hewes began, Hewes and Brown & Williamson Tob…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hewes v. Langston
Miss. · 2003 · confidence medium
See also In re Santa Fe Intern’l Corp., 272 F.3d 705 , 710 n.7 (5th Cir.2001); United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 916 (5th Cir.1991); Hodges, Grant & Kaufmann v. United States Gov’t, 768 F.2d 719 , 721 (5th Cir.1985); In re Sealed Case, 737 F.2d 94, 99 (D.C.Cir.1984); In re Boileau, 736 F.2d 503 , 506 n. 1 (9th Cir.1984); In re Grand Jury Investigation No. 83-2-35, 723 F.2d 447, 450 (6th Cir.1983); United States v. Lawless, 709 F.2d 485, 487 (7th Cir.1983); In re Grand Jury Subpoena Duces Tecum (Dorokee Co.), 697 F.2d 277 , 280 (10th Cir.1983); United States v. Jones, 696 F.2d 1069 …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Ramos-Hernandez
W.D. Tex. · 2002 · confidence medium
The test for determining whether two offenses are the same for double jeopardy purposes is “whether the offense charged in the subsequent prosecution requires proof of a fact which the other does not.” United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 917 (5th Cir.1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) George P. Hewes, III v. Cynthia Langston
Miss. · 1999 · confidence medium
Co., 953 F.2d 1004 , 19 See also In re Santa Fe Intern'l Corp., 272 F.3d 705 , 710 n.7 (5th Cir. 2001); United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 916 (5th Cir. 1991); Hodges, Grant & Kaufmann v. United States Gov't, 768 F.2d 719 , 721 (5th Cir. 1985); In re Sealed Case, 737 F.2d 94, 99 (D.C.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Sobral
4th Cir. · 1998 · confidence medium
See, e.g., United States v. Simpkins, 953 F.2d 443, 444-45 (8th Cir. 1992); United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 915 (5th Cir. 1991); United States v. Pungitore, 910 F.2d 1084, 1120 (3d Cir. 1990); United States v. Heidecke, 900 F.2d 1155 , 1157 n.2 (7th Cir. 1990).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Krout
5th Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
Simple possession is not a lesser included offense of a drug conspiracy, United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 917 (5th Cir.1991), cert. denied, 504 U.S. 987 , 112 S.Ct. 2970 , 119 L.Ed.2d 590 (1992), nor should it be a lesser offense for a RICO conspiracy. 40 Alvarez also urges that the district court committed reversible error by failing to charge the jury that "mere agreement to commit the predicate acts charged is not sufficient to find the defendant guilty of conspiracy to violate the RICO statute." The trial court's refusal is reviewed for abuse of discretion.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Commonwealth v. Jacobsen
Mass. · 1995 · confidence medium
See Commonwealth v. Phillips, 413 Mass. 50, 58-59 (1992) (where dismissal of indictments would have little or no deterrent effect, suppression of evidence is proper remedy for Fourth Amendment violation); United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 916 (5th Cir. 1991), cert. denied, 504 U.S. 987 (1992) (remedy for Fourth Amendment violation is exclusion of evidence rather than dismissal of indictment).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Ricou Deshaw
5th Cir. · 1992 · confidence medium
V. 6 United States v. Levy, 803 F.2d 1390, 1393 (5th Cir.1986) (quoting Green v. United States, 355 U.S. 184, 187-88 , 78 S.Ct. 221, 223 , 2 L.Ed.2d 199 (1957)) 7 284 U.S. 299 , 52 S.Ct. 180 , 76 L.Ed. 306 (1932) 8 United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 917 (5th Cir.1991), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 112 S.Ct. 2970 , 119 L.Ed.2d 590 (1992) 9 Grady v. Corbin, 495 U.S. 508, 516 , 110 S.Ct. 2084, 2090 , 109 L.Ed.2d 548, 561 (1990) 10 Id., 495 U.S. at 519-20 , 110 S.Ct. at 2092, 109 L.Ed.2d at 564 11 397 U.S. 436 , 90 S.Ct. 1189 , 25 L.Ed.2d 469 (1970) 12 433 U.S. 682 , 97 S.Ct. 2912 , 53 L.Ed…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. McCoy
1st Cir. · 1992 · confidence medium
See, ___ 13 e.g., United States v. Simpkins, 953 F.2d 443, 444-45 (8th Cir.) ____ _____________ ________ (Petite policy does not confer substantive rights on criminal ______ defendant, thus cannot form the basis of claim that subsequent prosecution was improper), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 118 ____ ______ L.Ed.2d 585, 112 S. Ct. 1988 (1992); United States v. Rodriguez, _____________ _________ 948 F.2d 914, 915 (5th Cir. 1991) (as an internal rule of Justice Department, policy may not be invoked by defendant to bar prose- cution), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 119 L.Ed.2d 590 , 112 S. Ct. ____ _…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. James W. McCoy
1st Cir. · 1992 · confidence medium
See, e.g., United States v. Simpkins, 953 F.2d 443, 444-45 (8th Cir.) {Petite policy does not confer substantive rights on criminal defendant, thus cannot form the basis of claim that subsequent prosecution was improper), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 112 S.Ct. 1988 , 118 L.Ed.2d 585 (1992); United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 915 (5th Cir.1991) (as an internal rule of Justice Department, policy may not be invoked by defendant to bar prosecution), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 112 S.Ct. 2970 , 119 L.Ed.2d 590 (1992); United States v. Pungitore, 910 F.2d 1084, 1120 (3d Cir.1990) (policy does not co…
cited Cited as authority (rule) U.S. v. Deshaw
5th Cir. · 1992 · confidence medium
United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 917 (5th Cir.1991), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 112 S.Ct. 2970 , 119 L.Ed.2d 590 (1992). 9 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Alfonso, 552 F.2d 605, 612
unknown court · confidence medium
Simple possession is not a lesser included offense of a drug conspiracy, United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 917 (5th Cir.1991), cert. denied, 504 U.S. 987 , 112 S.Ct. 2970 , 119 L.Ed.2d 590 (1992), nor should it be a lesser offense for a RICO conspiracy.
cited Cited "see" In re Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
5th Cir. · 2006 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 916 (5th Cir.1991) (“The burden of establishing privilege rests on the party who invokes it.”).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Laury
5th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 916 (5th Cir.1991), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 112 S.Ct. 2970 , 119 L.Ed.2d 590 (1992). 14 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." In Re Santa Fe International Corp. (2×)
5th Cir. · 2001 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez, 948 F.2d 914, 916 (5th Cir. 1991) ("As to the claimed violation of privilege, [defendant] has never indicated any document from the seized file which constituted a communication or described a communication between herself and her attorney.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
Diane RODRIGUEZ, Defendant-Appellant
90-2781.
Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
Nov 27, 1991.
948 F.2d 914
James S. Dougherty (court appointed), Houston, Tex., for defendant-appellant., Kathlyn G. Snyder, Asst. U.S. Atty., Henry K. Oncken, U.S. Atty. and Paula Offenhauser, Asst. U.S. Atty., Houston, Tex., for plaintiff-appellee.
Williams, Duhé, Garza.
Cited by 22 opinions  |  Published
DUHÉ, Circuit Judge:

Defendant-Appellant Diane Rodriguez conditionally pleaded guilty to a one-count information charging conspiracy to possess marijuana with intent to distribute, reserving her right to appeal the district court’s denial of her motions to suppress and dismiss. On appeal she asks to withdraw her guilty plea and for dismissal of the indictment and information because of several alleged errors: violation of a Justice Department policy against successive prosecutions, a double jeopardy violation based on a 1987 conviction, and outrageous conduct in seizure of her file from her defense attorney in the 1987 charge and conviction. Finding no error, we affirm.

In 1987 Defendant was charged with possession of 211 pounds of marijuana with intent to distribute. She pleaded guilty to simple possession, and the felony indictment was dismissed. She was represented by the law firm of Bonner & Bonner. Another member of that firm represented defendant’s uncle, George Rodriguez Sr.

In exchange for Defendant’s plea to conspiracy to possess marijuana with intent to distribute in the instant case, the Government dismissed two counts of a 1989 felony indictment: Count Three, alleging conspiracy to import marijuana, and Count Four, charging conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute marijuana and cocaine. The overt acts incorporated in both counts included her 1987 arrest with 211 pounds of marijuana, George Rodriguez Sr.’s furnishing $2,000 to Wilma Delauney in 1987 to post bond for Defendant’s release from jail, and Defendant’s payment of $5,000 to De-launey in 1987 for transportation of marijuana.

I. GOVERNMENT’S PETITE POLICY

Defendant contends that Counts Three and Four of the 1989 indictment should be dismissed because the Government failed to comply with the Justice Department’s policy acknowledged in Petite v. United States, 361 U.S. 529, 80 S.Ct. 450, 4 L.Ed.2d 490 (1960). The Petite policy precludes successive federal prosecutions against a defendant based on the same transaction without prior approval from an Assistant Attorney General. The district court assumed the prior approval was not obtained and rejected the Petite argument for dismissal. We find no error in denial of the motion, because the Petite policy is merely an internal rule of the Justice Department; a criminal defendant may not invoke it to bar prosecution. United States v. Harrison, 918 F.2d 469, 475 (5th Cir.1990).

[*916] II. OUTRAGEOUS CONDUCT IN SEARCH AND SEIZURE

Rodriguez next contends that the government engaged in such outrageous conduct in executing a post-indictment search of her former attorney’s office that the indictment should be dismissed. Defendant asks in this appeal only for dismissal of the indictment, so suppression of the seized documents is not at issue.

She alleges that the outrageous conduct violated attorney-client privilege, her right to counsel under the Sixth Amendment, due process under the Fifth Amendment, her privilege against self-incrimination under the Fifth Amendment, the Fourth Amendment’s protection against unlawful searches and seizures, and another Justice Department policy.

As to the claimed violation of privilege, Rodriguez has never indicated any document from the seized file which constituted a communication or described a communication between herself and her attorney. The burden of establishing privilege rests on the party who invokes it. Hodges, Grant & Kaufmann v. Comissioner, 768 F.2d 719, 721 (5th Cir.1985). “The privilege must be specifically asserted with respect to particular documents.” United States v. El Paso Co., 682 F.2d 530, 539 (5th Cir.1982), cert. denied, 466 U.S. 944, 104 S.Ct. 1927, 80 L.Ed.2d 473 (1984). Her allegation of violation of privilege is unsubstantiated and constitutes no ground for dismissal of the indictment.

As to the claim that the seizure violated Rodriguez’s Sixth Amendment right to counsel, “the remedy for such a violation is not dismissal but the suppression of any evidence so obtained.” United States v. Sander, 615 F.2d 215, 219 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 835, 101 S.Ct. 108, 66 L.Ed.2d 41 (1980). Moreover, Rodriguez fails to show any prejudice; she simply asks this Court to infer prejudice from the fact of seizure. Without a showing of “ ‘demonstrable prejudice, or substantial threat thereof, dismissal is plainly inappropriate.’ ” United States v. Melvin, 650 F.2d 641, 644 (5th Cir. Unit B 1981) (quoting United States v. Morrison, 449 U.S. 361, 365, 101 S.Ct. 665, 668, 66 L.Ed.2d 564 (1981)).

Similarly, for a Fifth Amendment violation, dismissal of the indictment is inappropriate. See Morrison, 449 U.S. at 365 n. 3, 101 S.Ct. at 668 n. 3 (quoting United States v. Blue, 384 U.S. 251, 255, 86 S.Ct. 1416, 1419, 16 L.Ed.2d 510 (1966)):

Even if we assume that the Government did acquire incriminating evidence in violation of the Fifth Amendment, Blue would at most be entitled to suppress the evidence and its fruits if they were sought to be used against him at trial_ Our numerous precedents ordering the exclusion of such illegally obtained evidence assume implicitly that the remedy does not extend to barring the prosecution altogether.

The remedy for any Fourth Amendment violation is likewise exclusion of evidence rather than dismissal of the indictment altogether. United States v. Franklin, 598 F.2d 954, 957 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 870, 100 S.Ct. 147, 62 L.Ed.2d 95 (1979).

Finally Rodriguez urges dismissal because the Department of Justice failed to adhere to its regulation requiring authorization from a Deputy Assistant Attorney General before a federal officer applies for a warrant for confidential materials in the hands of a lawyer. See 28 C.F.R. § 59.-4(b)(l)-(2) (1991). The regulation further provides, however, that any issue relating to the failure to comply with the guideline may not be litigated. 28 C.F.R. § 59.6(b) (1991). “[Cjourts are not charged with enforcing internal governmental guidelines and will not remedy an alleged violation by the dismissal of an indictment_” United States v. McInnis, 601 F.2d 1319, 1328 (5th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 962, 100 S.Ct. 1649, 64 L.Ed.2d 237 (1980).

Rodriguez has not demonstrated any cause for dismissal of the indictment based on seizure of the file.

III. DOUBLE JEOPARDY

Rodriguez contends that double jeopardy principles bar this prosecution for[*917] conspiracy to possess marijuana with intent to distribute in view of her previous prosecution for the underlying substantive offense of simple possession. Grady v. Corbin, 495 U.S. 508, 110 S.Ct. 2084, 109 L.Ed.2d 548 (1990), directs courts to follow a two-step analysis in resolving double jeopardy claims: the Blockburger [1] test and the new Grady test. See Ladner v. Smith, 941 F.2d 356, 359-63 (5th Cir.1991).

The Blockburger Test. The first question in the Blockburger phase is “ ‘whether the offense charged in the subsequent prosecution “requires proof of a fact which the other does not.” ’ ” Ladner, 941 F.2d at 359 (quoting United States v. Calderone, 917 F.2d 717, 720 (2d Cir.1990) (quoting Blockburger, 284 U.S. at 304, 52 S.Ct. at 182), petition for cert. filed, 60 U.S.L.W. 3014 (U.S. Apr. 3, 1991) (No. 90-1527)). The 1989 conspiracy charge requires proof of an agreement and voluntary joinder in that conspiracy. Proof of those facts is not required by the earlier possession charge. Furthermore, neither conspiracy nor possession is a lesser included offense of the other.

The 1989 conspiracy prosecution must also be tested to determine whether it is barred under one of the two limited exceptions to Blockburger, noted in Harris, 2 and Ashe. 3 Ladner, 941 F.2d at 360. The Harris exception does not apply because the second prosecution does not require the defendant to defend against the previous charge (as, in the example of Harris, robbery with a firearm and felony-murder). The Ashe inquiry is whether the second prosecution is collaterally estopped. This prosecution is not collaterally estopped because it does not require relitigation of any factual issue that was necessarily resolved in the first prosecution. [4] The issue of Defendant’s possession of marijuana (litigated in the first prosecution) need not be relit-¡gated in the instant prosecution of conspiracy.

The New Grady Test. Under the new Grady phase of resolving Defendant’s double jeopardy claim, the Court examines whether, to establish an essential element of an offense charged in this prosecution, the government will prove conduct that constitutes an offense for which the Defendant has already been prosecuted. Grady, 110 S.Ct. at 2087, 2093; Ladner, 941 F.2d at 361.

The essential elements of the offenses in the 1989 indictment are an agreement between two or more persons and the Defendant’s willful joinder in that agreement. It is unnecessary to allege or prove an overt act in a drug conspiracy prosecution. United States v. Mann, 615 F.2d 668, 671 (5th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 994, 101 S.Ct. 1694, 68 L.Ed.2d 193 (1981). The Defendant’s arrest with another person in 1987 with 211 pounds of marijuana does tend to prove the essential elements of agreement and joinder. However, George Rodriguez Sr.’s furnishing of bond money to obtain defendant’s release in 1987 and defendant’s payment of money to Delauney to transport marijuana in July 1987 also tend to prove the essential elements of conspiracy.

We agree with the Fourth Circuit on this point:

I think we are obliged to apply Grady in a way that gives the “element” component significance. That means barring the second prosecution only when the conduct previously prosecuted is to be used to “establish” the element of the second crime, which I think must mean “constitute the entirety of” the element. If Grady is read more broadly, that is, if the second prosecution is barred whenever the previously prosecuted conduct is to be used only as evidence of an ele[*918] ment of the second offense, then we would almost be applying a “same evidence” test.

United States v. Clark, 928 F.2d 639, 642 (4th Cir.1991) (emphasis in original) (quoting Calderone, 917 F.2d at 724 (Newman, J., concurring)). A “same evidence” test was rejected in Grady. 110 S.Ct. at 2093 n. 12. Defendant’s 1987 possession is only evidence of conspiracy; it does not “establish an essentia] element” of conspiracy.

Accordingly, under the two-step analysis articulated in Grady and Ladner, double jeopardy principles do not bar Defendant’s prosecution for conspiracy despite her previous prosecution for possession. In accordance with the foregoing, the rulings of the district court are AFFIRMED; Defendant’s request to withdraw her guilty plea is DENIED.

1

. Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299, 52 S.Ct. 180, 76 L.Ed. 306 (1932).

2

. Harris v. Oklahoma, 433 U.S. 682, 97 S.Ct. 2912, 53 L.Ed.2d 1054 (1977).

3

. Ashe v. Swenson, 397 U.S. 436, 90 S.Ct. 1189, 25 L.Ed.2d 469 (1970).

4

.In Ashe, a previous trial showed that the defendant was not present at a poker game to rob a victim; collateral estoppel barred a trial for robbing another victim at the same poker game.