United States v. Terry James Willis, 956 F.2d 248 (11th Cir. 1992). · Go Syfert
United States v. Terry James Willis, 956 F.2d 248 (11th Cir. 1992). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
58 citation events (46 in the last 25 years) across 4 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: United States v. Michael James Harrell (ca11, 2015-12-18)
Treatment trajectory · 1992 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
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Top citers, strongest first. 49 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Michael James Harrell
11th Cir. · 2015 · confidence medium
United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992), Thus, in a non-capital case, the mandatory nature of the penalty is irrelevant for proportionality purposes, and the sentence is evaluated as if it were imposed in the exercise of the sentencing court’s discretion.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Darryl Vaughn
11th Cir. · 2013 · confidence medium
United States v. Hoffman, 710 F.3d 1228, 1232 (11th Cir.2013); United States v. Lopez, 649 F.3d 1222, 1248 (11th Cir.2011); United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992). “[0]utside the context of capital punishment, there have been few successful challenges to the proportionality of sentences” because we generally defer to “Congress’s broad authority to determine the types and limits of punishments for crimes.” United States v. McGarity, 669 F.3d 1218, 1256 (11th Cir.2012) (quoting United States v. Johnson, 451 F.3d 1239, 1242-43 (11th Cir.2006)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Julio Rolon
11th Cir. · 2013 · confidence medium
In Rolon I, we correctly concluded that precedent foreclosed the Defendants’ Eighth Amendment challenge to their life sentences. 2 See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992) (rejecting Eighth Amendment challenge to mandatory life sentence under 21 U.S.C. § 841 (b)(1)(A) resulting from the defendant’s prior convictions); see also Harme-lin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957, 994 , 111 S.Ct. 2680, 2701 , 115 L.Ed.2d 836 (1991); Rummel v. Estelle, 445 U.S. 263, 284-85 , 100 S.Ct. 1133, 1144-45 , 63 L.Ed.2d 382 (1980).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Darrin Joseph Hoffman
11th Cir. · 2013 · confidence medium
See United States v. Lopez, 649 F.3d 1222, 1248 (11th Cir.2011); United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992). 5 *1233 Hoffman points to Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. -, 132 S.Ct. 2455, 2460 , 183 L.Ed.2d 407 (2012), in which the Supreme Court recently held that the Eighth Amendment prohibits a mandatory life-without-parole sentence for defendants who were under age 18 when they committed the crime.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Darrin Joseph Hoffman (2×)
11th Cir. · 2013 · confidence medium
See United States v. Lopez, 649 F.3d 1222, 1248 (11th Cir. 2011); United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir. 1992).5 Hoffman points to Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. —, 132 S. Ct. 2455, 2460 (2012), in which the Supreme Court recently held that the Eighth Amendment prohibits a mandatory life-without-parole sentence for defendants who were under age 18 when they committed the crime.
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Brian William Schumaker
11th Cir. · 2012 · confidence medium
See Holmes, 838 F.2d at 1178 ; United States v. Pope, 461 F.3d 1331, 1337 (11th Cir.2006); United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 250-51 (11th Cir.1992).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Liana Lee Lopez
11th Cir. · 2011 · confidence medium
In United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir. 1992), we held that it did not. 57 AFFIRMED. 58
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Liana Lee Lopez
11th Cir. · 2011 · confidence medium
In United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992), we held that it did not.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Bernall
11th Cir. · 2011 · confidence medium
In United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992), this Court held that a mandatory minimum sentence of life in prison imposed for a conviction under 21 U.S.C. § 841 (b)(1)(A), imposed as a result of having two prior drug convictions, did not violate the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Mercandy Gaetan
11th Cir. · 2010 · confidence medium
See, e.g., United States v. Arias-Izquierdo, 449 F.3d 1168, 1187 (11th Cir.2006) (air piracy); Raad, 406 F.3d at 1324 (smuggling aliens into the United States); United States v. Reynolds, 215 F.3d 1210 , 1214 (11th Cir.2000) (Armed Career Criminal Act); United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992) (drug trafficking).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Eric L. Lewis
11th Cir. · 2010 · confidence medium
See United States v. Holmes, 838 F.2d 1175, 1177-78 (11th Cir. 1988) (concluding that the mandatory minimum provisions in section 841(b)(1) were rationally related to the objectives of protecting public welfare and, thus, did not violate equal protection); United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992) (concluding that the mandatory life sen *933 tence provisions of section 841(b)(1) did not violate the Eighth Amendment).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Elijah James Chisolm
11th Cir. · 2010 · confidence medium
United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992) (holding that the mandatory life-imprisonment enhancement provision in § 841 does not violate the Eighth Amendment); United States v. Steed, 548 F.3d 961, 979 (11th Cir. 2008) (holding that the Supreme Court's holding in Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224 , 118 S.Ct. 1219 , 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998), that "the government need not allege in its indictment and need not prove beyond a reasonable doubt that a defendant had prior convictions for a district court to use those convictions for purposes of enhancing a sentence” re…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Larry Demond Williams (2×) also: Cited "see"
11th Cir. · 2010 · confidence medium
Under § 851(b), the court must ask the defendant whether he was convicted of those crimes, and inform him that a “challenge to a prior conviction which is not made before sentence is imposed may not thereafter be raised to attack the sentence.” We held in United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 250-51 (11th Cir.1992), that a statutory mandatory-minimum life sentence imposed for a conviction under 21 U.S.C. § 841 (b)(1)(A), as a result of having two prior drug convictions, did not violate the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Johnson Thelisma
11th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 250-51 (11th Cir.1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Charles Edward Puckett
11th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
As to the Eighth Amendment, we have rejected arguments that mandatory life sentences under 21 U.S.C. § 841 (b)(1)(A) constitute cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eight Amendment as “without merit.” United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992) (per curiam); see also United States v. Johnson, 451 F.3d 1239, 1243 (11th Cir.2006) (per curiam) (“In general, a sentence within the limits imposed by statute is neither excessive nor cruel and unusual under the Eighth Amendment.”) (citation omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Trevor Nelson
11th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
See United States v. Holmes, 838 F.2d 1175, 1177-78 (11th Cir.1988) (holding that § 841(b)(l)’s mandatory minimum provisions were rationally related to the objectives of protecting public welfare); United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992) (holding that the mandatory life sentence provisions of § 841(b)(1) do not violate the Eighth Amendment).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Joseph Michael Mooney
11th Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
See United States v. Pope, 461 F.3d 1331, 1337 (11th Cir.2006); Road, 406 F.3d at 1323 ; United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 250-51 (11th Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Sergio Villegas-Ortiz
11th Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
See United States v. Holmes, 838 F.2d 1175, 1177-78 (11th Cir.1988) (holding that § 841(b)(l)’s mandatory minimum provisions were rationally related to the objectives of protecting public health and welfare); United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992) (holding that the mandatory life sentence provisions of 21 U.S.C. § 841 (b)(1) do not violate the Eighth Amendment). *721 Because we have binding precedent upholding the constitutionality of the mandatory minimum sentence provisions in 21 U.S.C. § 841 (b)(1), Villegas-Ortiz’s argument that they are unconstitutional fails.
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Andrew Emorris Garrett
11th Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992) (per cu-riam).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. James L. Johnson
11th Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
See United States v. Reynolds, 215 F.3d 1210 , 1214 (11th Cir.2000); United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992); United States v. Jones, 933 F.2d 1541, 1548 (11th Cir.1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Adolfo Santillan Lopez
11th Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
See United States v. Holmes, 838 F.2d 1175, 1177-78 (11th Cir.1988) (holding that § 841(b)(1)’s mandatory minimum provisions were rationally related to the objectives of protecting public health and welfare); United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992) (holding that the mandatory life sentence provisions of 21 U.S.C. § 841 (b)(1) do not violate Eighth Amendment).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Jesus Mendoza-Rodriguez
11th Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 250-51 (11th Cir.1992) (per curiam) (holding that a mandatory life sentence for drug trafficking did not violate the Eighth Amendment).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Clarence Ward
11th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Walter Lewis
11th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
We have also held that the provision found in 21 U.S.C. § 841 , mandating a sentence of life imprisonment for a felony drug offense committed after two prior *581 convictions for felony drug have become final, is constitutional and not violative of the Eighth Amendment. 3 United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 250-51 (11th Cir.1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Livan Alfonso Raad
11th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
See United States v. Reynolds, 215 F.3d 1210 (11th Cir.2000) (rejecting Eighth Amendment challenge to the Aimed Career Criminal Act and 18 U.S.C. § 924 ); United States v. Brant, 62 F.3d 367, 368 (11th Cir.1995) (rejecting challenge to career offender provisions); United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992) (rejecting challenge to mandatory life sentence required under 21 U.S.C. § 841 (b)(1)); United States v. Benefield, 889 F.2d 1061, 1064 (11th Cir.1989) (rejecting challenge to mandatory minimum sentence for illegal purchase of food stamps at less than face value).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. James Robert Rice
11th Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
U.S.S.G. § 5Gl.l(b); United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 249 (11th Cir.1992) (holding that the Sentencing Guidelines “accommodate [section 841(b)(l)(A)’s] mandatory provision” through U.S.S.G. § 5Gl.l(b).) Therefore, with respect to Rice’s sentencing we need not discuss whether the district court’s characterization of Rice as a career offender under U.S.S.G. § 4A1.2 was improper because his mandatory sentence under section 841(b)(1)(A) remains life imprisonment. 12 III.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Francisco Mendoza-Delgado, Also Known as Jose Delgado, Also Known as Regino C. Gonzales
7th Cir. · 1993 · confidence medium
See Harmelin v. Michigan, 111 S.Ct. 2680, 2701-02 (1991) (mandatory sentence of life imprisonment without parole for possession of more than 650 grams of cocaine was not cruel and unusual in violation of Eighth Amendment); Rummel v. Estelle, 445 U.S. 263 (1980) (life sentence without parole for three relatively minor non-violent felonies not Eighth Amendment violation); United States v. Kramer, 955 F.2d 479, 488 (7th Cir.) (mandatory life sentence without parole under 21 U.S.C. § 848 (b) not cruel and unusual punishment), cert. denied, 113 S.Ct. 595 (1992); United States v. Mergerson, No. 92-…
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Lawrence Berry, Jr.
11th Cir. · 2012 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 250-51 (11th Cir.1992) (noting that a mandatory-minimum sentence of life imprisonment imposed for a conviction under section 841(b)(1)(A), as a result of having two pri- or drug convictions, did not implicate the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Joseph Bradley Mazard
11th Cir. · 2012 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 250-51 (11th Cir.1992) (rejecting Eight Amendment claim); United States v. Holmes, 838 F.2d 1175, 1177 (11th Cir.1988) (rejecting due process claim).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Timothy Terrill Carpenter
11th Cir. · 2012 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 250-51 (11th Cir.1992) (citing Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957 , 111 S.Ct. 2680 , 115 L.Ed.2d 836 (1991)).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Julio Rolon
11th Cir. · 2011 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992); see also Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957, 994 , 111 S.Ct. 2680, 2701 , 115 L.Ed.2d 836 (1991) (“Severe, mandatory penalties may be cruel, but they are not unusual in the constitutional sense....”).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Oscar Gonzalez
11th Cir. · 2011 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992) (upholding mandatory life sentence for defendant with two prior felony drug convictions).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Antwan Boyd
11th Cir. · 2010 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992); see also United States v. Castaing-Sosa, 530 F.3d 1358, 1362 (11th Cir.2008) (explaining that, even after United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 , 125 S.Ct. 738 , 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005), district courts are bound by statutory mandatory minimums).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. John Dennis Chapman
11th Cir. · 2009 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992). “[A] district court [also] is not authorized to sentence a defendant below the statutory mandatory minimum unless the government filed a substantial assistance motion pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3553 (e) and U.S.S.G. § 5K1.1 or the defendant falls within the safety-valve of 18 U.S.C. § 3553 (f).” United States v. Castaing-Sosa, 530 F.3d 1358, 1360-61 (11th Cir.2008).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Pubien
11th Cir. · 2009 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992); see also United States v. Johnson, 451 F.3d 1239, 1243 (11th Cir.2006) (‘“In general, a sentence within the limits imposed by statute is neither excessive nor cruel and unusual under the Eighth Amendment.’ ”) (quoting United States v. Moriariy, 429 F.3d 1012, 1024 (11th Cir.2005)).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Mickey Pubien
11th Cir. · 2009 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir. 1992); see 11 also United States v. Johnson, 451 F.3d 1239, 1243 (11th Cir. 2006) (“‘In general, a sentence within the limits imposed by statute is neither excessive nor cruel and unusual under the Eighth Amendment.’” (quoting United States v. Moriarty, 429 F.3d 1012, 1024 (11th Cir. 2005)).
cited Cited "see" United States v. David Eugene Lee
11th Cir. · 2008 · signal: see · confidence high
See Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957, 994-95 , 111 S.Ct. 2680, 2701 , 115 L.Ed.2d 836 (1991); see United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Fernando Sanchez
11th Cir. · 2007 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 250-51 (11th Cir.1992).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Ronald Perry Moon
11th Cir. · 2006 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 250 (11th Cir.1992) (upholding mandatory life sentence under § 841 and the enhancement provisions in § 851); see also United States v. Raad, 406 F.3d 1322, 1324 (11th Cir.2005) (recognizing Willis's holding); United States v. Wade, 458 F.3d 1273, 1278 (11th Cir.2006) (upholding enhancement based on prior convictions); United States v. Dowd, 451 F.3d 1244 (11th Cir.2006); United States v. Martinez, 434 F.3d 1318 (11th Cir.2006); United States v. Taylor, 417 F.3d 1176 (11th Cir.2005). 2 .
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Brant
11th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992) (cocaine offense); see also United States v. Diaz, 26 F.3d 1533, 1545 (11th Cir.1994) (cocaine offense), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 952 , 180 L.Ed.2d 895 (1995).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Diaz
11th Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992) (Guidelines do not violate Eighth Amendment).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Diaz
11th Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992) (Guidelines do not violate Eighth Amendment).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Michael Joseph Hudacek
11th Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248 (11th Cir.1992).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Michael Joseph Hudacek
11th Cir. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248 (11th Cir.1992).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Steven Michael Johns
11th Cir. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 250 (11th Cir.1992).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Francisco Javier Diaz
11th Cir. · 2014 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See United States v. Johnson, 451 F.3d 1239, 1243 (11th Cir.2006); see also United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 250-51 (11th Cir.1992) (holding that a mandatory minimum of life imprisonment under § 841(b)(1)(A) was constitutional); United States v. Holmes, 838 F.2d 1175, 1178-79 (11th Cir.1988) (upholding § 841(b)(l)’s mandatory minimum).
cited Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Cooks
5th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248 (11th Cir.1992). 27 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Cooks
5th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248 (11th Cir. 1992). 27 United States v. Goodwin, 457 U.S. 368 (1982); Bordenkircher v. Hayes, 434 U.S. 357 (1978). 28 See United States v. Molina-Iguado, 894 F.2d 1452 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 831 (1990). 10
cited Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Ganz
S.D. Fla. · 1992 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See also United States v. Willis, 956 F.2d 248, 251 (11th Cir.1992).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
Terry James WILLIS, Defendant-Appellant
90-5476.
Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
Mar 23, 1992.
956 F.2d 248
Patricia Jean Kyle, Miami, Fla., Susan R. Healy, Boca Raton, Fla., for defendant-appellant., Dexter W. Lehtinen, U.S. Atty., Miami, Fla., Thomas A. Blair, Asst. U.S. Atty., Ft. Pierce, Fla., for plaintiff-appellee.
Tjoflat, Edmondson, Cox.
Cited by 50 opinions  |  Published
1 passage pin-cited by 1 case
Pinpoint authority: bottom 79%
Citer courts: S.D. Georgia (1)
PER CURIAM:

Terry James Willis is serving concurrent life sentences for conspiring to possess, and possessing with intent to distribute, at least five kilograms of cocaine. See 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(A) (1988). He appeals, contending, in essence, that (1) the district court denied him due process of law by permitting the Government to seek mandatory life sentences (on account of his prior criminal record), and that (2) the mandatory life sentences he received constitute cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment. We affirm.

The Government contends that Willis did not present these claims to the district court and therefore abandoned them. See United States v. Jefferies, 908 F.2d 1520, 1524 (11th Cir.1990). The Government’s contention has merit. We give Willis the benefit of the doubt, though, and assume that he has not abandoned them.

Willis’ first claim is that the due process clause prevented the district court from honoring the Government’s decision to invoke the procedures of 21 U.S.C. § 851 (1988) and seek mandatory life sentences because the Government’s decision constituted an exercise of unfettered discretion. While we have not had occasion to address the claim Willis presents, we have generally held both mandatory minimum sentences and the federal sentencing guidelines constitutional and not violative of due process. See United States v. Holmes, 838 F.2d 1175, 1177-78 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1058, 108 S.Ct. 2829, 100 L.Ed.2d 930 (1988) (mandatory minimum under § 841(b)); see also United States v. Erves, 880 F.2d 376, 379 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 968, 110 S.Ct. 416, 107 L.Ed.2d 381 (1989) (sentencing guidelines). Thus, the mandatory life sentence provision applicable in this case appears to be valid. We discern no constitutional problem with the scope of the Government’s discretion. We note that, in United States v. Hernandez, 921 F.2d 1569, 1584 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 111 S.Ct. 2271, 114 L.Ed.2d 722 (1991), we held that giving the government discretion to seek a downward departure from the prescribed sentence did not constitute an improper delegation of sentencing authority; nor did it deny the defendant due process of law. We find no material difference between the grant of discretion in Hernandez and the grant of discretion here; consequently, Hernandez controls our decision on this point.

Finally, we note that the government’s decision to proceed against an accused under a particular statute is not reviewable unless the decision is made for an unlawful reason — for example, to discriminate against the accused on account of his or her race or speech. Cf. Wayte v. United States, 470 U.S. 598, 607-08, 105 S.Ct. 1524, 1530-31, 84 L.Ed.2d 547 (1985). Here, Willis does not contend that the Government’s reasons for pursuing mandatory life sentences were unlawful or that its decision was arbitrary or capricious, amounting to a gross abuse of discretion. His due process claim therefore fails.

Willis’ contention that the mandatory life sentence provision of section 841(b)(1)(A) conflicts with 28 U.S.C. § 994(h) (1988), and thus should not be enforced, is also meritless. While this court has not addressed such a claim, a plain reading of the pertinent statutory language indicates that no such conflict exists. Section 994(h) requires the Sentencing Commission to assure that the guidelines the Commission promulgates for certain categories of offenders who have been convicted of a section 841 offense specify a sentence to a term of imprisonment at or near the maximum statutory term prescribed for the offense. Section 841 prescribes graduated penalties for persons committing offenses that involve more than five kilograms of cocaine and a mandatory life imprisonment sentence for third offenders. The sentencing guidelines accommodate this mandatory provision by providing that “[w]here a statutorily required minimum sentence is greater than the maximum of the applicable guideline range, the statutorily required minimum sentence[*251] shall be the guideline sentence.” U.S.S.G. § 5Gl.l(b).

Willis’ convictions in this case were his third and fourth convictions for drug offenses. Under the career offender provisions of U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1, Willis’ guideline range was, on account of his two previous convictions, increased to 292-365 months. Section 841, however, required the district court to sentence Willis to life imprisonment. See U.S.S.G. § 5Gl.l(b).

At sentencing, Willis’ attorney candidly acknowledged that Willis’ previous drug trafficking offenses resulted in separate convictions and thus subjected him to the mandatory life sentence provisions of section 841. As he informed the court, “I don’t have a legal argument [against the imposition of the life sentences]. I have an argument of fairness, mercy, and of simple humanity, asking you not to put Terry Willis in prison for life.”

Willis’ claim that the mandatory life sentences he received constitute cruel and unusual punishment proscribed by the Eighth Amendment is also without merit. The Supreme Court recently considered and rejected such a claim in a similar case, Harmelin v. Michigan, — U.S.-, 111 S.Ct. 2680, 115 L.Ed.2d 836 (1991). There, a state statute mandated a specified sentence, precluding the sentencer from taking into account the defendant’s background and the particular circumstances of the offense he had committed.

Willis contends that when the Government, acting in bad faith, refused to file a motion for departure pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 5K1.1 and 18 U.S.C. § 3553(e) (1988), the district court should have granted him as a matter of due process a downward departure for substantial assistance. The Government responds, correctly, that the district court has no power to grant a defendant a downward departure based on substantial assistance unless the government moves the court to depart pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 5K1.1 and 18 U.S.C. § 3553(e).

Willis failed to present this specific claim to the district court; absent plain error, therefore, we do not consider the claim. We find no plain error; hence, the claim fails.

AFFIRMED.