People v. Law, 94 A.D.3d 1561 (N.Y. App. Div. 2012). · Go Syfert
People v. Law, 94 A.D.3d 1561 (N.Y. App. Div. 2012). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
33 citation events (33 in the last 25 years) across 1 distinct court.
Treatment trajectory · 2012 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2012 2019 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 24 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Jules (2×)
N.Y. App. Div. · 2025 · confidence medium
The defendant's contention that the County Court improperly assessed 10 points under risk factor 1 is without merit "inasmuch as [the] defendant pleaded guilty to sexual abuse in the first degree under Penal Law § 130.65(1), a necessary element of which is that he acted with forcible compulsion," and "'[f]acts previously . . . elicited at the time of entry of a plea of guilty shall be deemed established by clear and convincing evidence and shall not be relitigated' for purposes of a SORA determination" ( People v Law , 94 AD3d 1561, 1562, quoting Correction Law § 168-n[3]; see People v Dabne…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Fredenburg
N.Y. App. Div. · 2024 · confidence medium
Initially, with regard to defendant's challenge to the assessment of points for use of forcible compulsion in the commission of the instant offense, defendant pleaded guilty to sexual abuse in the first degree pursuant to Penal Law § 130.65 (1) — a necessary element of which is forcible compulsion ( see People v Law , 94 AD3d 1561, 1562 [4th Dept 2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Mahar
N.Y. App. Div. · 2022 · confidence medium
We conclude that the statements of the children constituted reliable hearsay that provided the requisite clear and convincing evidence for the assessment of points under that risk factor ( see People v Darrah , 153 AD3d 1528, 1528 [3d Dept 2017]; People v Law , 94 AD3d 1561, 1562-1563 [4th Dept 2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]; People v Burch , 90 AD3d 1429, 1430-1431 [3d Dept 2011]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Weber
N.Y. App. Div. · 2019 · confidence medium
As the People correctly concede, the court erred in that assessment inasmuch as defendant pleaded guilty to criminal sexual act in the first degree under subdivision (3) of Penal Law § 130.50, which does not require evidence of forcible compulsion ( cf. People v Law , 94 AD3d 1561, 1563 [4th Dept 2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]), and there was no other evidence in the record establishing that defendant used forcible compulsion in committing the crime.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Leach (2×) also: Cited "see"
N.Y. App. Div. · 2018 · confidence medium
That contention is not preserved for our review inasmuch as defendant's objection to the points assessed for physical injury at the SORA hearing "was made on a different ground than the [insufficient evidence] ground he raises on appeal" ( People v Law , 94 AD3d 1561, 1562 [4th Dept 2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Saraceni
N.Y. App. Div. · 2017 · confidence medium
Defendant’s contentions are not preserved for our review (see People v Gillotti, 23 NY3d 841, 854 [2014]; People v Wilson, 117 AD3d 1557, 1558 [2014], lv denied 24 NY3d 902 [2014]; People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1562 [2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]), however, because at the SORA hearing he only contested the points assessed under risk factor 12.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Saraceni
N.Y. App. Div. · 2017 · confidence medium
Defendant’s contentions are not preserved for our review (see People v Gillotti, 23 NY3d 841, 854 [2014]; People v Wilson, 117 AD3d 1557, 1558 [2014], lv denied 24 NY3d 902 [2014]; People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1562 [2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]), however, because at the SORA hearing he only contested the points assessed under risk factor 12.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Saraceni
N.Y. App. Div. · 2017 · confidence medium
Defendant’s contentions are not preserved for our review (see People v Gillotti, 23 NY3d 841, 854 [2014]; People v Wilson, 117 AD3d 1557, 1558 [2014], lv denied 24 NY3d 902 [2014]; People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1562 [2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]), however, because at the SORA hearing he only contested the points assessed under risk factor 12.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. George
N.Y. App. Div. · 2016 · confidence medium
Contrary to the defendant’s contention, the County Court *1060 properly assessed the defendant 25 points under risk factor 2 based, inter alia, on the victims’ statements to the police, as well as the defendant’s own admission that he engaged in anal sex with one of the victims (see People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1562 [2012]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Lancaster
N.Y. App. Div. · 2015 · confidence medium
Contrary to the defendant’s contention, the County Court properly relied on the eight-year-old complainant’s grand jury testimony in assessing these points, regardless of whether proper procedures were followed in ascertaining that the complainant was competent to testify under oath (see People v Mingo, 12 NY3d 563, 576 [2009]; People v Jewell, 119 AD3d 1446, 1447 [2014]; People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1563 [2012]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Jewell
N.Y. App. Div. · 2014 · confidence medium
We further conclude that the victim’s grand jury testimony was the type of “victim! ] statement” that the court is required to consider in making its determination whether offered by either of the parties or not (Correction Law § 168-n [3]; People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1563 [2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Jewell
N.Y. App. Div. · 2014 · confidence medium
We further conclude that the victim’s grand jury testimony was the type of “victim! ] statement” that the court is required to consider in making its determination whether offered by either of the parties or not (Correction Law § 168-n [3]; People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1563 [2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Wilson
N.Y. App. Div. · 2014 · confidence medium
In any event, that contention lacks merit inasmuch as the People presented reliable hearsay evidence, in the form of the victim’s statement 9see § 168-n [3]), that defendant had engaged in sexual intercourse with the victim (see People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1562 [2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Wilson
N.Y. App. Div. · 2014 · confidence medium
In any event, that contention lacks merit inasmuch as the People presented reliable hearsay evidence, in the form of the victim’s statement 9see § 168-n [3]), that defendant had engaged in sexual intercourse with the victim (see People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1562 [2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Walter
N.Y. App. Div. · 2012 · confidence medium
“Because defendant’s evidentiary objection[s] . . . [were] made on a different ground than the ‘unreliable hearsay’ ground he raises on appeal, his contention that the court erred in [considering the challenged] evidence is not preserved for our review” (People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1562 [2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]; see People v Wragg, 41 AD3d 1273, 1273-1274 [2007], lv denied 9 NY3d 809 [2007]; People v Smith, 17 AD3d 1045, 1045 [2005], lv denied 5 NY3d 705 [2005]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Walter
N.Y. App. Div. · 2012 · confidence medium
“Because defendant’s evidentiary objection[s] . . . [were] made on a different ground than the ‘unreliable hearsay’ ground he raises on appeal, his contention that the court erred in [considering the challenged] evidence is not preserved for our review” (People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1562 [2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]; see People v Wragg, 41 AD3d 1273, 1273-1274 [2007], lv denied 9 NY3d 809 [2007]; People v Smith, 17 AD3d 1045, 1045 [2005], lv denied 5 NY3d 705 [2005]).
discussed Cited "see" People v. Alay
N.Y. App. Div. · 2021 · signal: see · confidence high
Further, although a victim's statements are generally admissible ( see People v Leibach , 39 AD3d 1093, 1094 ), not all statements by a victim are considered reliable hearsay ( see People v Stewart , 61 AD3d 1059, 1060 ). "[U]nsworn statements of the victim are admissible if there is a requisite indicia of reliability" ( People v Sincerbeaux , 27 NY3d 683, 688 ; see People v Mingo , 12 NY3d at 567 ), and the statement is not "'equivocal, inconsistent with other evidence, or . . . dubious in light of other information in the record'" ( People v Law , 94 AD3d 1561, 1563 , quoting People v Mingo …
discussed Cited "see" People v. Dean
N.Y. App. Div. · 2019 · signal: see · confidence high
Moreover, "[f]acts previously proven at trial or elicited at the time of entry of a plea of guilty shall be deemed established by clear and convincing evidence and shall not be relitigated" at a SORA hearing (Correction Law § 168-n [3]; see People v Law , 94 AD3d 1561, 1562 [4th Dept 2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]).
discussed Cited "see" People v. Asfour
N.Y. App. Div. · 2017 · signal: see · confidence high
Because “[f]acts previously . . . elicited at the time of entry of a plea of guilty shall be deemed established by clear and convincing evidence and shall not be relitigated” for purposes of a SORA determination (Correction Law § 168-n [3]), Supreme Court properly assessed 30 points under risk factor 5 (see People v Benitez, 140 AD3d 1140, 1141 [2016], lv denied 28 NY3d 908 [2016]; see generally People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1562 [2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]).
discussed Cited "see" People v. Asfour
N.Y. App. Div. · 2017 · signal: see · confidence high
Because “[f]acts previously . . . elicited at the time of entry of a plea of guilty shall be deemed established by clear and convincing evidence and shall not be relitigated” for purposes of a SORA determination (Correction Law § 168-n [3]), Supreme Court properly assessed 30 points under risk factor 5 (see People v Benitez, 140 AD3d 1140, 1141 [2016], lv denied 28 NY3d 908 [2016]; see generally People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1562 [2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]).
discussed Cited "see" ASFOUR, JAMAL, PEOPLE v
N.Y. App. Div. · 2017 · signal: see · confidence high
Because “[f]acts previously . . . elicited at the time of entry of a plea of guilty shall be deemed established by clear and convincing evidence and shall not be relitigated” for purposes of a SORA determination (Correction Law § 168-n [3]), Supreme Court properly assessed 30 points under risk factor 5 (see People v Benitez, 140 AD3d 1140, 1141 , lv denied 28 NY3d 908 ; see generally People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1562 , lv denied 19 NY3d 809 ).
discussed Cited "see" People v. Sincerbeaux
N.Y. App. Div. · 2014 · signal: see · confidence high
The People presented “reliable hearsay evidence, in the form of the victim’s statement,” that she was 13 years old when the sexual abuse began and that defendant had used forcible compulsion (People v Wilson, 117 AD3d 1557, 1558 [2014]; see People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1563 [2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]).
discussed Cited "see" People v. Sincerbeaux
N.Y. App. Div. · 2014 · signal: see · confidence high
The People presented “reliable hearsay evidence, in the form of the victim’s statement,” that she was 13 years old when the sexual abuse began and that defendant had used forcible compulsion (People v Wilson, 117 AD3d 1557, 1558 [2014]; see People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1563 [2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 809 [2012]).
discussed Cited "see" SINCERBEAUX, DENNIS J., PEOPLE v
N.Y. App. Div. · 2014 · signal: see · confidence high
The People presented “reliable hearsay evidence, in the form of the victim’s statement . . . ,” that she was 13 years old when the sexual abuse began and that defendant had used forcible compulsion (People v Wilson, 117 AD3d 1557, 1558 ; see People v Law, 94 AD3d 1561, 1563 , lv denied 19 NY3d 809 ).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
The People of the State of New York
v.
Robert J. Law
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York.
Apr 27, 2012.
94 A.D.3d 1561
Cited by 29 opinions  |  Published

Appeal from an order of the Ontario County Court (Craig J.[*1562] Doran, J.), entered December 15, 2008. The order determined that defendant is a level three risk pursuant to the Sex Offender Registration Act following a redetermination hearing.

It is hereby ordered that the order so appealed from is unanimously affirmed without costs.

Memorandum: Defendant appeals from an order determining that he is a level three risk pursuant to the Sex Offender Registration Act ([SORA] Correction Law § 168 et seq.). Defendant failed to preserve for our review his contention that he should not have been assessed 10 points under risk factor 1, for the use of forcible compulsion (see generally People v Smith, 17 AD3d 1045 [2005], lv denied 5 NY3d 705 [2005]). In any event, that contention lacks merit inasmuch as defendant pleaded guilty to sexual abuse in the first degree under Penal Law § 130.65 (1), a necessary element of which is that he acted with forcible compulsion. Because “[f]acts previously . . . elicited at the time of entry of a plea of guilty shall be deemed established by clear and convincing evidence and shall not be relitigated” for purposes of a SORA determination (Correction Law § 168-n [3]), County Court properly assessed points for the use of forcible compulsion.

Defendant further contends that the court erred in assessing 25 points under risk factor 2 on the ground that he engaged the victim in sexual contact consisting of “sexual intercourse, oral sexual conduct, anal sexual conduct, or aggravated sexual abuse.” We reject that contention. The court’s finding under that risk factor was based on the victim’s statement to the police, in which she indicated that one of the instances of abuse by defendant involved an act of sexual intercourse. The court was required to review the victim’s statement (see Correction Law § 168-n [3]), and thus the court received the requisite clear and convincing evidence to support the assessment of 25 points under risk factor 2 (see generally id.). To the extent that defendant contends that the absence of any indicted charges alleging acts of intercourse constituted “strong evidence that [such] offense [conduct] did not occur” (Sex Offender Registration Act: Risk Assessment Guidelines and Commentary, at 5 [2006]), we note that defendant could not have been charged for such conduct in New York because it allegedly occurred in Texas (see CPL 20.20). “

Because defendant’s evidentiary objection to a letter written by the victim was made on a different ground than the “unreliable hearsay” ground he raises on appeal, his contention that the court erred in admitting that letter in evidence is not preserved for our review. In any event, defendant’s present[*1563] contention lacks merit. The court was required to consider the letter because it constituted a “victim’s statement” within the meaning of Correction Law § 168-n (3). Moreover, the letter constituted “reliable hearsay” (id.) because, although it was unsworn, it was not “equivocal, inconsistent with other evidence, or . . . dubious in light of other information in the record” (People v Mingo, 12 NY3d 563, 577 [2009]). Indeed, inasmuch as the letter was a “victim’s statement” and “reliable hearsay,” the court was not “free to disregard it” (id.; see § 168-n [3]). Present — Scudder, P.J., Centra, Lindley, Sconiers and Martoche, JJ.