Mattie Holland Dan Holland v. Daren Roeser City of Portland, 37 F.3d 501 (9th Cir. 1994). · Go Syfert
Mattie Holland Dan Holland v. Daren Roeser City of Portland, 37 F.3d 501 (9th Cir. 1994). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
43 citation events (28 in the last 25 years) across 10 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Lomeli v. FCA US LLC (caed, 2023-10-02)
Treatment trajectory · 1995 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1995 2010 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 17 distinct citers. How cited ↗
cited Cited as authority (rule) Lomeli v. FCA US LLC
E.D. Cal. · 2023 · confidence medium
P. 68; Holland v. Roeser, 37 F.3d 501, 503 (9th Cir. 23 1994).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Meza v. FCA US LLC
E.D. Cal. · 2023 · confidence medium
P. 68; Holland v. Roeser, 37 F.3d 501, 503 (9th Cir. 27 1994).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Eccles v. City of Lewiston Library Board of Trustees
D. Idaho · 2021 · confidence medium
However, because the offer contained the “additional, ambiguous language ‘costs now accrued and reasonable attorney fees as determined by the court[,]’ [o]ne could certainly conclude this fee provision is broader than the cost provision and might extend to those fees not already accrued.” Id. at 504 (emphasis in original).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Roberta Miller v. City of Portland (5×) also: Cited "see"
9th Cir. · 2017 · confidence medium
Miller timely appealed. *850 Standard of Review “[Attorney’s fee awards are reviewed' for an abuse of discretion.” Holland v. Roeser, 37 F.3d 501, 503 (9th Cir. 1994).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) David Hooks v. Landmark Industries, Inc.
5th Cir. · 2015 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Guerrero v. Cummings, 70 F.3d 1111, 1113-14 (9th Cir.1995) (holding that a Rule 68 offer including "attorney fees and costs incurred by this plaintiff prior to the date of this offer in an amount to be set by the court,” was not ambiguous because it was only the reasonableness of the fees incurred before the offer, not whether post-offer fees were available, that was left to be determined); Holland v. Roeser, 37 F.3d 501, 504 (9th Cir.1994) (holding that post-offer fees incurred in preparing the fee-petition—which would be later determined by the court — was an ambiguous limit…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Recouvreur v. Carreon
N.D. Cal. · 2013 · confidence medium
Holland v. Roeser, 37 F.3d 501, 504 (9th Cir.1994).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Mary Robins v. Scholastic Book Fairs, Inc.
9th Cir. · 1997 · confidence medium
Holland v. Roeser, 37 F.3d 501, 503 (9th Cir.1994).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Robins v. Scholastic Book Fairs (2×)
D. Or. · 1996 · confidence medium
In ascertaining whether the offer limits post-offer fees, “courts should apply the usual rules of contract interpretation to offers of judgment * * Holland, v. Roeser, 37 F.3d 501, 504 (9th Cir.1994) (Rule 68 offer in § 1983 case) (citing Herrington v. County of Sonoma, 12 F.3d 901, 907 (9th Cir.1993)); see also Guerrero v. Cummings, 70 F.3d 1111, 1113 (9th Cir.1995).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Gates v. Gomez
9th Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
Holland v. Roeser, 37 F.3d 501, 503 (9th Cir.1994).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Franklin Financial v. Resolution Trust Corp.
9th Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
Holland v. Roeser, 37 F.3d 501, 503 (9th Cir.1994).
discussed Cited "see" Lewis, Jr. v. The Money Source, Inc.
Bankr. M.D. Penn. · 2024 · signal: see · confidence high
See Holland v. Roeser, 37 F.3d 501, 503 (9th Cir. 1994) (finding language of Rule 68 Offer of Judgment did not limit attorney’s fee award to fees incurred prior to offer).
discussed Cited "see" T.B. v. San Diego Usd
9th Cir. · 2015 · signal: see · confidence high
See Holland v. Roeser, 37 F.3d 501, 504 (9th Cir. 1994) (“[W]e have held that courts should apply the usual rules of contract interpretation to offers of judgment, and these rules dictate that ambiguities be construed against the drafter.” (citation omitted)); Erdman v. Cochise Cnty., Ariz., 926 F.2d 877, 880 (9th Cir. 1991) (same); Webb v. James, 147 F.3d 617, 623 (7th Cir. 1998) (“Because Rule 68 puts plaintiffs at their peril whether or not they accept the offer, the defendant must make clear whether the offer is inclusive of fees when the underlying statute provides fees for the prev…
discussed Cited "see" T.B. ex rel. Brenneise v. San Diego Unified School District
9th Cir. · 2015 · signal: see · confidence high
See Holland v. Roeser, 37 F.3d 501, 504 (9th Cir.1994) (“[W]e have held that courts should apply the usual rules of contract interpretation to offers of judgment, and these rules dictate that ambiguities be construed against the drafter.” (citation omitted)); Erdman v. Cochise Cnty., Ariz., 926 F.2d 877, 880 (9th Cir.1991) (same); Webb v. James, 147 F.3d 617, 623 (7th Cir.1998) (“Because Rule 68 puts plaintiffs at their peril whether or not they accept the offer, the defendant must make clear whether the offer is inclusive of fees when the underlying statute provides fees for the prevail…
discussed Cited "see" T.B. v. San Diego Unified School District
9th Cir. · 2015 · signal: see · confidence high
See Holland v. Roeser, 37 F.3d 501, 504 (9th Cir.1994) (“[W]e have held that courts should apply the usual rules of contract interpretation to offers of judgment, and these rules dictate that ambiguities be construed against the drafter.” (citation omitted)); Erdman v. Cochise Cnty., Ariz., 926 F.2d 877, 880 (9th Cir.1991) (same); Webb v. James, 147 F.3d 617, 623 (7th Cir.1998) (“Because Rule 68 puts plaintiffs at their peril whether or not they accept the offer, the defendant must make clear whether the offer is inclusive of fees when the underlying statute provides fees for the prevail…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Douglas v. Governing Board of Window Rock Consolidated School District No. 8
Ariz. Ct. App. · 2009 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See Higginbottom v. State, 203 Ariz. 139, 142, ¶ 11 , 51 P.3d 972, 975 (App.2002) (“It has long been the rule in Arizona that a valid statute is automatically part of any contract affected by it, even if the statute is not specifically mentioned in the contract.”); see also Holland v. Roeser, 37 F.3d 501, 504 (9th Cir.1994) (interpreting an offer of judgment as a contract); Nielson v. Patterson, 204 Ariz. 530, 531, ¶ 5 , 65 P.3d 911, 912 (2003) (interpreting the rules of procedure in the same manner as statutes).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Mattie HOLLAND; Dan Holland, Plaintiffs-Appellees,
v.
Daren ROESER; City of Portland, Defendants-Appellants
92-35536.
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Oct 3, 1994.
37 F.3d 501
Harry Auerbach, Deputy City Atty., Portland, OR, for defendants-appellants., Spencer M. Neal, Ginsburg & Neal, Portland, OR, and Sanford Jay Rosen, Rosen, Bien & Asaro, San Francisco, CA, for plaintiffs-appellees.
Poole, Trott, King.
Cited by 21 opinions  |  Published
TROTT, Circuit Judge:

The City of Portland appeals the district court’s amended order awarding plaintiffs attorneys’ fees pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1988 and Federal Ride of Civil Procedure 68. The district court awarded attorney’s fees for the time plaintiffs’ attorney spent prior to the City’s offer of judgment as well as for time spent preparing the fee petition after the plaintiffs accepted the offer of judgment. We affirm.

I

The City of Portland towed and impounded Mattie and Dan Holland’s car. At a subsequent administrative tow hearing, a city hearings officer invalidated the tow and ordered the City to return the Hollands’ car. The Hollands subsequently filed a complaint alleging the City violated their civil rights. After the parties began settlement talks, the City served the Hollands with a Rule 68 offer of judgment in the “sum of ... $500 plus costs now accrued and reasonable attorney fees as determined by the Court.”

The Hollands accepted the offer of judgment, but the parties disagreed on the amount of fees to be awarded. The Hollands petitioned the district court for $3377.50 in fees to cover 9.7 hours spent before the settlement and 15.5 hours spent preparing the fee petition and responding to the City’s objections to the petition. The district court initially granted the fee award only for the time spent prior to the settlement. After the Hollands filed a motion for reconsideration, however, the district court amended its order and awarded additional fees for 10.2 hours spent on the fee petition.

In its initial opinion, the district court relied on the language of Rule 68 to support its conclusion that the Hollands are not entitled to recover fees for the time spent preparing the fee petition. The relevant part of Rule 68 states:

At any time more than 10 days before the trial begins, a party defending against a claim may serve upon the adverse party an offer to allow judgment to be taken against the defending party for the money or property or to the effect specified in the offer, with costs then accrued.

Fed.R.Civ.P. 68 (1993) (emphasis added). In Marek v. Chesny, 473 U.S. 1, 105 S.Ct. 3012, 87 L.Ed.2d 1 (1985), the Supreme Court applied this rule to § 1983 actions, stating, “Since Congress expressly included attorney’s fees as ‘costs’ available to a plaintiff in a § 1983 suit, such fees are subject to the[*503] cost-shifting provision of Rule 68.” Id. at 9, 105 S.Ct. at 3016-17. Because Rule 68 limits recovery to “costs then accrued,” the district court initially concluded that, absent an agreement to the contrary, the Hollands must bear the costs and fees they incurred in preparing the fee petition.

Following the district court’s initial opinion, the Hollands moved for reconsideration, relying primarily on Local Rule 265-4. This rule states in part:

When a party is entitled to petition the court for an award of attorney’s fees, such petition shall be filed with the court within thirty (30) days after entry of judgment. The petition shall set forth succinctly the relevant facts and the argument of the party with supporting authorities and affidavits.

Fed.Loeal Ct.Rules, D.Oregon, Rule 265-4 (1993). In the motion for reconsideration, the Hollands’ attorney argued: “If the local rules require that I expend the effort to liquidate the amount of the fee, then under Section 1988 caselaw I must be awarded fees to cover the time complying with the court’s rules.”

The district court subsequently issued an amended order granting the Hollands a fee award for the time their attorney spent on the fee petition. The court did not fully explain why it reversed its earlier decision, but simply stated that because the amount of attorney’s fees was disputed, the Holland’s attorney had to survey the legal community to justify his fee request. The court concluded its brief amended order by stating, “The fees requested are reasonable ... considering the nature of the litigation.”

II

Generally, attorney’s fee awards are reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Drucker v. O’Brien’s Moving & Storage, Inc., 963 F.2d 1171, 1173 (9th Cir.1992). “However, ‘any elements of legal analysis and statutory interpretation which figure in the district court’s decisions are reviewed de novo.’” Oviatt v. Pearce, 954 F.2d 1470, 1481 (9th Cir.1992) (quoting Hall v. Bolger, 768 F.2d 1148, 1150 (9th Cir.1985)). Thus, we review de novo the district court’s determination that it can award fees for work done after a plaintiff has accepted a Rule 68 settlement .offer.

The Hollands correctly asserted, in their motion for reconsideration, that § 1988 case-law supports their request for compensation for time spent on the fee petition. We stated in Clark v. City of Los Angeles, 803 F.2d 987, 992 (9th Cir.1986), “We, like every other court that has considered the question, have held that the time spent in establishing entitlement to an amount of fees awardable under section 1988 is compensable.” Id. at 992. These § 1988 cases are somewhat different from the Hollands’ action, however, because they did not involve the added complication of a Rule 68 offer of judgment.

Under Rule 68, a plaintiff who accepts an offer of judgment is entitled to “costs then accrued.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 68. Because the Supreme Court has held that “costs” in a § 1983 action should include attorney’s fees, a plaintiff who accepts a Rule 68 offer is entitled to attorney’s fees accrued at the time of the offer. Marek, 473 U.S. at 9, 105 S.Ct. at 3016. The Court further held in Marek that a plaintiff in a § 1983 action who rejects a Rule 68 offer and ultimately recovers less than the offered amount is not entitled to recover post-offer costs or fees. Id. at 11, 105 S.Ct. at 3017. The Court .did not discuss, nor have we addressed, the question the Hollands raise: Can § 1983 plaintiffs who accept a Rule 68 offer of judgment recover attorney’s fees for preparing a post-offer fee petition?

The Hollands argue they are entitled to recover post-offer fees because the offer of judgment contained the additional language, not found in Rule 68, “costs now accrued and reasonable attorney fees as determined by the court.” (emphasis added). We agree.

In Clark, we held time spent litigating attorneys fees in § 1983 cases to be compen-sable. 803 F.2d at 992. So if Rule 68 were not implicated, the Hollands clearly would be entitled to recover the fees incurred preparing the fee petition. In Erdman v. Cochise County, Arizona, 926 F.2d 877 (9th Cir.1991), we stated, “any waiver or limitation of attor[*504] ney fees in settlements of § 1983 cases must be clear and unambiguous.” Id. at 880 (citing Muckleshoot Tribe v. Puget Sound Power & Light Co., 875 F.2d 695, 698 (9th Cir.1989)). The question we must answer, therefore, is whether the City’s offer of judgment clearly and unambiguously limited attorney’s fees to those incurred prior to the offer.

• It appears an offer of judgment limiting itself to the language of Rule 68 and referring only to “costs now accrued” would satisfy the Erdman requirement of a “clear and unambiguous” limitation on attorney’s fees. “Costs, now accrued” clearly limits costs (and fees in a § 1983 case) to those that accrued prior to the offer. Thus, if the City’s offer had contained only that language, we might deny the Hollands’ post-offer fees. [1]

We need not decide this question, however, because the offer contained the additional, ambiguous language “costs now accrued and reasonable attorney fees as determined by the court.” One could certainly conclude this fee provision is broader than the cost provision and might extend to those fees not already accrued. Thus, the limitation the City apparently intended is no longer clear and unambiguous. Furthermore, we have held that courts should apply the usual rules of contract interpretation to offers of judgment, Herrington v. County of Sonoma, 12 F.3d 901, 907 (9th Cir.1993), and these rules dictate that ambiguities be construed against the drafter. Id.

We therefore conclude, in light of the rules of contract interpretation and the “clear and unambiguous” requirement articulated in Erdman, that the City’s offer of judgment did not limit the attorney’s fee award to those fees incurred prior to the offer. The district court did not err in awarding the Hollands fees incurred in preparing the post-offer fee petition.

The district court’s fee award is AFFIRMED.

1

. Three district courts have considered this question .in cases where the language of the offer mirrored Rule 68, and all three denied fees for work done after the plaintiff accepted the offer of judgment. See Said v. Virginia Commonwealth Univ., 130 F.R.D. 60, 64 (E.D.Va.1990) (court limited recovery to costs and fees accrued before the offer was made); Jones v. Federated Dep't Stores, 527 F.Supp. 912, 921 (S.D.Ohio 1981) (court declined to grant fees for work done on the attorneys’ fees issue because the language of the settlement offer explicitly excluded, as "costs," post-settlement attorneys' fees). See also Whitcher v. Town of Matthews, 136 F.R.D. 582, 586-87 (W.D.N.C.1991). But see David v. AM Int’l, 131 F.R.D. 86, 90 (E.D.Pa.1990) (although offer did not mention costs at all, plaintiff allowed to recover fees incurred opposing defendant's motions challenging the fee petition).