discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Medeiros See, e.g., Smith v. United States, 331 F.2d 265 (8th Cir.) (stating that the practice in criminal cases of calling someone as a court’s witness is “seldom used and not particularly desirable”), ce rt. denied, 379 U.S. 824 , 85 S.Ct. 49 , 13 L.Ed.2d 34 , and reh’g denied, 379 U.S. 940 , 85 S.Ct. 321 , 13 L.Ed.2d 350 (1964); Handcock, 193 Cal.Rptr. at 402 (explaining that “rare and extreme circumstances” authorize a judge to initiate investigation into *259 matters the parties are unwilling to pursue and that this power “should be limited to eases where the lack of judicial investi…

cited Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Raymond Craig Wilson, United States of America v. Wilbert Polk See, e. g., Smith v. United States, 331 F.2d 265 (8th Cir. 1964), cert. denied, 379 U.S. 824 , 85 S.Ct. 49 , 13 L.Ed.2d 34 (1964), reh. denied, 379 U.S. 940 , 85 S.Ct. 321 , 13 L.Ed.2d 350 (1964).

discussed Cited "see, e.g." William George Birnbaum v. United States See, e. g., Smith v. United States, 8 Cir., 1964, 331 F.2d 265, 278 , certiorari denied, 379 U.S. 824 , 85 S.Ct. 49 , 13 L.Ed.2d 34 , rehearing denied, 379 U.S. 940 , 85 S.Ct. 321 , 13 L.Ed.2d 350 , and cases cited therein.