green
Positive treatment
4.6 score
Treatment trajectory · 1987 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1987
2006
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 17 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
Original Appalachian Artworks, Inc. v. J.F. Reichert, Inc.
But see, Dreyer v. ARCO Chemical Company, 801 F.2d 651 (3d Cir.1986), ce rt. denied, — U.S.-, 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987), (finding that employer’s violation of Age Discrimination in Employment Act in disparate treatment case was “willful” may not be based solely on evidence that employer knew or acted in reckless disregard of whether its conduct violated the ADEA, but requires some additional evidence of “outrageous conduct” beyond mere violation of ADEA).
cited
Cited as authority (rule)
Reagan v. Hampton
Goodman, 107 S.Ct. at 2621 (extending Wilson to § 1981 claims).
cited
Cited "see"
19 Employee Benefits Cas. 1708, Pens. Plan Guide P 23912q Dean Moideen John Wright Maribeth Kaye Kathleen Snyder Patricia Malczewski, as Trustees of United Healthcare Benefits v. Roxani M. Gillespie, Commissioner of the California Department of Insurance
See McMillan v. Goleta Water Dist., 792 F.2d 1453 , 1456 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987).
cited
Cited "see"
Moideen v. Gillespie
See McMillan v. Goleta Water Dist., 792 F.2d 1453 , 1456 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
John D. Starceski, at No. 94-3208 v. Westinghouse Electric Corporation, at No. 94-3182
See Fed.R.Evid. 803(6) 10 This rejection of the "outrageous" standard effectively overrules our decisions in Lockhart v. Westinghouse Credit Corp., 879 F.2d 43, 57-58 (3d Cir.1989) and Dreyer v. Arco Chemical Co., 801 F.2d 651, 658 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987) 11 The record also shows that five of the six individuals selected for layoff were in the protected age group, and Starceski was the oldest.
discussed
Cited "see"
Finch v. Hercules Inc.
See Dreyer v. Arco Chemical Co., Div. of Atlantic Richfield, Co., 801 F.2d 651, 658 (3d Cir.1986) (“evidence that the employer had previously violated the ADEA might warrant imposition of liquidated damages____”), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
Chalawsky v. Sun Refining and Marketing Co., Inc.
Liquidated Damages 3 Liquidated damages are available in an ADEA action only if the alleged violation is proved to be “willful.” 29 U.S.C. § 626 (b); see Dreyer v. Arco Chemical Co., 801 F.2d 651, 656 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987).
cited
Cited "see"
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. District of Columbia, Department of Human Services
See Dreyer v. ARCO Chemical Co., 801 F.2d 651, 658 (3rd Cir.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
44 Fair empl.prac.cas. 391, 43 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 37,229 Edward S. Furr, Lynden E. Petersen, Daniel F. O'connell, and James W. Hunt, Plaintiffs-Appellees/cross-Appellants, and Jon A. Easter, Lee W. Fowler, and Marvin C. Brown v. At & T Technologies, Inc., Defendant-Appellant/cross-Appellee
See Dreyer v. Arco Chemical Co., 801 F.2d 651, 658 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987); Lindsey v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 810 F.2d 1094, 1099-1101 (11th Cir.1987). 28 The evidence also supports the district court's finding of a willful violation.
discussed
Cited "see"
Polykoff v. Collins
Pullman abstention is appropriate if "difficult and unsettled questions of state law must be resolved before a substantial federal constitutional question can be decided." Midkiff, 467 U.S. at 236 , 104 S.Ct. 2327 ; see McMillan v. Goleta Water Dist., 792 F.2d 1453 , 1458 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
Polykoff v. Collins
Pullman abstention is appropriate if “difficult and unsettled questions of state law must be resolved before a substantial federal constitutional question can be decided.” Midkiff, 467 U.S. at 236 , 104 S.Ct. 2327 ; see McMillan v. Goleta Water Dist., 792 F.2d 1453 , 1458 (9th Cir.1986), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
287 Corporate Center Associates v. The Township of Bridgewater, a Municipal Corporation of the State of New Jersey
See, e.g., McMillan v. Goleta Water Dist., 792 F.2d 1453 (9th Cir.1986) (applying personal injury statute of limitations to § 1983 action for inverse condemnation), ce rt. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987). *324 2.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Hill v. State of Tenn.
See also McMillan v. Goleta Water Dist., 792 F.2d 1453 , 1457 (9th Cir. 1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987); Dunn v. State of Tennessee, 697 F.2d 121, 127-28 (6th Cir. 1982), cert. denied, 460 U.S. 1086 , 103 S.Ct. 1778 , 76 L.Ed.2d 349 (1983).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Colgan v. Fisher Scientific Co.
Compare Dreyer v. Arco Chemical Co., 801 F.2d *305 651, 655 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Jackson v. GTE Directories Service Corp.
See, e.g., Dreyer v. ARCO Chemical Co., Div. of Atlantic Richfield Co., 801 F.2d 651, 654 (3d Cir.1986) (treating last three factors as one), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 906 , 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987). 17 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Schrand v. Federal Pacific Electric Co.
See, e.g., Dreyer v. ARCO Chemical Co., 801 F.2d 651, 658 (3d Cir. 1986), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987) (requires a showing of “outrageous” conduct to establish willfulness); Lindsey v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 810 F.2d 1094, 1099-1100 (11th Cir.1987) (rejects “outrageous conduct” standard for a case-by-case determination of good faith question); Gilliam v. Armtex, Inc., 820 F.2d 1387, 1390 (4th Cir.1987) (something more required than “a retrospective finding that there was a simple violation of the statute”); Cooper v. Asplundh Tree Expert …
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
47 Fair empl.prac.cas. 273, 47 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 38,114, 25 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 1366 Carl Schrand, Cross-Appellant v. Federal Pacific Electric Company, Reliance Electric Company, Cross-Appellees
See, e.g., Dreyer v. ARCO Chemical Co., 801 F.2d 651, 658 (3d Cir.1986), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 107 S.Ct. 1348 , 94 L.Ed.2d 519 (1987) (requires a showing of "outrageous" conduct to establish willfulness); Lindsey v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 810 F.2d 1094, 1099-1100 (11th Cir.1987) (rejects "outrageous conduct" standard for a case-by-case determination of good faith question); Gilliam v. Armtex, Inc., 820 F.2d 1387, 1390 (4th Cir.1987) (something more required than "a retrospective finding that there was a simple violation of the statute"); Cooper v. Asplundh Tree Expert Co., 836 F.2…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Thomas
v.
Rhodes
v.
Rhodes
No. 86-977.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Mar 2, 1987.
Published
Ct. App. Tex., 2d Dist. Certiorari denied.