International Korwin Corp. v. Tadeusz Kowalczyk (1988)
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N.A.S. Import, Corporation, Alentino, Ltd. v. Chenson Enterprises, Inc. Shu Chin Chen (A/k/a Margaret Chen) a… (1992)
While an infringement may not be willful when a party, despite warnings to the contrary, “ ‘reasonably and in good faith believes’ ” that its conduct is innocent, RCA/Ariola Int'l, Inc. v. Thomas & Grayston Co., 845 F.2d 773 , 779 (8th Cir.1988) (quoting Nimmer at § 14.04[B][3]) this “analysis is subject to the corollary that reckless disregard of the copyright holder’s rights (rather than actual knowledge of infringement) suffices to warrant award of the. enhanced damages.”…
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Video Views, Inc., Plaintiff-Appellant-Cross-Appellee v. Studio 21, Ltd., and Joseph Sclafani, Defendants-App… (1991)
International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 380 (7th Cir.1988).
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Illinois Bell Telephone Company v. Haines and Company, Inc., Haines Criss + Cross Publishers, Inc., William K… (1990)
International Corwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383 (7th Cir.1988).
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Illinois Bell Telephone Co. v. Haines & Co. (1990)
International Corwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383 (7th Cir.1988).
Furthermore, when the infringement is willful, "deterrence of future violations is a legitimate consideration" because " 'defendants must not be able to sneer in the face of copyright owners and copyright laws.' " International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383 (7th Cir.1988) (quoting and affirming International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 665 F.Supp. 652, 659 (N.D.Ill.1987)); see F.W.
Furthermore, when the infringement is willful, “deterrence of future violations is a legitimate consideration” because “ ‘defendants must not be able to sneer in the face of copyright owners and copyright laws.’ ” International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383 (7th Cir.1988) (quoting and affirming International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 665 F.Supp. 652, 659 (N.D.Ill.1987)); see F.W.
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Zomba Enterprises, Inc. v. Panorama Records, Inc. (2007)
We review de novo this narrow issue, id., but we note that other circuits have reviewed for clear error district courts’ conclusions on the broader issue of willfulness, see, e.g., Kepner-Tregoe, Inc. v. Vroom, 186 F.3d 283, 288 (2d Cir.1999); Chi-Boy Music v. Charlie Club, Inc., 930 F.2d 1224, 1227 (7th Cir.1991) (citing Int'l Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 380 (7th Cir.1988)).
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Zomba Enter v. Panorama Records (2007)
We review de novo this narrow issue, id., but we note that other circuits have reviewed for clear error district courts’ conclusions on the broader issue of willfulness, see, e.g., Kepner-Tregoe, Inc. v. Vroom, 186 F.3d 283, 288 (2d Cir. 1999); Chi-Boy Music v. Charlie Club, Inc., 930 F.2d 1224, 1227 (7th Cir. 1991) (citing Int’l Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 380 (7th Cir. 1988)).
DuPont de Nemours & Co., 257 F.Supp. 729, 732 (S.D.N.Y.1966) (awarding fees for the infringement trial but denying fees for the damages trial due to the unusual complexity of the issues involved in the latter); cf. International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 384 (7th Cir.1988) (noting that a fee award was appropriate because the defendant’s handling of the summary judgment proceedings had unnecessarily required trial). 6 .
Following Broadcast Music, Inc. v. Triple L Vending, Inc., 1987 Copyright Law Decisions (CCH) ¶ 26,174 at p. 21,366, 1987 WL 45244 (W.D.Tex.1987), and International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383 (7th Cir.1988), the court concluded that three times unpaid fees was an appropriate awai’d to ensure that violation of the copyright laws is a more expensive option than compliance.
A party therefore has a heavy burden when seeking reversal of a trial court’s determination of willful copyright infringement: “The district court’s finding of willfulness is a factual determination that we cannot reverse unless clearly erroneous.” International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalezyk, 855 F.2d 375, 380 (7th Cir.1988).
Co., 747 F.Supp. 1190 (E.D.Va.1990); Hickory Grove Music v. Andrews, 749 F.Supp. 1031 (D.Mont.1990); Crabshaw Music v. K-Bob's of El Paso, Inc., 744 F.Supp. 763 (W.D.Tex.1990); Merrill v. Bill Miller’s Bar-B-Q Enters., Inc., 688 F.Supp. 1172 (W.D.Tex.1988); Merrill v. County Stores, Inc., 669 F.Supp. 1164 (D.N.H.1987); International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 665 F.Supp. 652 (N.D.Ill.1987), aff’d, 855 F.2d 375 *1424 (7th Cir.1988); Rodgers v. Eighty Four Lumber Co., 617 F.Su…
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U.S. Songs, Inc. v. Downside Lenox, Inc. (1991)
The same result was reached in Int’l Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 377 (7th Cir.1988), where the court determined that the retransmission of a radio broadcast throughout the defendant’s restaurant constituted a “public performance” for the purposes of applying the copyright law.
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Hickory Grove Music v. Andrews (1990)
International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 378 (7th Cir.1988).
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Girlsongs v. 609 INDUSTRIES, INC. (2008)
International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 380 (7th Cir.1988); U.S. Songs, Inc. v. Downside Lenox, Inc., 771 F.Supp. 1220, 1228 (N.D.Ga.1991). 2.The Copyright Law, 17 U.S.C. § 502 (a), provides in pertinent part: “Any court having jurisdiction of a civil action arising under this title may ... grant temporary and final injunctions on such terms as it may deem reasonable to prevent or restrain infringement of copyright.” 3.
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Martin v. City of Indianapolis (1998)
See 17 U.S.C. § 504 ; International Korwin Corp. v. Kow-alczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 380 (7th Cir.1988).
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Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v. Landa (1997)
In addition, the damage award should “put potential infringers on notice that 'it costs less to obey the copyright laws than to violate them.’” Id. (quoting Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d at 383); see also Flyte Tyme Tunes v. Miszkiewicz, 715 F.Supp. 919, 922 (E.D.Wis.1989) (“[T]he Court considers a violation of copyright laws a serious matter requiring deterrence ... ”).
International Korwin Corp., 855 F.2d at 383-85 (statutory damages of $10,500, attorneys’ fees of $21,502.75 and costs of $1,693.88); Dwarf Music Co. v. B & D Bar and Restaurant, Inc., Cv.
statutory damages of $10,500, attorneys’ fees of $21,502.75 and costs of $1,693.88
Still, a defendant who has willfully violated the copyright laws must be “put on notice1 that it costs less to obey the copyright laws then to violate them.” International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383 (7th Cir.1988).
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Flyte Tyme Tunes v. Miszkiewicz (1989)
It appears to the Court that these defendants “sneer in the face of copyright owners and laws.” International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383 (7th Cir.1988).
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Kostroun v. Greenhouse Partners, LLC (2025)
Tex. 2008) (quoting Int’l Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F. 2d 375, 383 (7th Cir. 1988)).
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Joe Hand Promotions, Inc. v. Griffith, Jr. (2023)
Mich. 2014) (quoting Int’l Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 380 (7th Cir. 1988)).
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REID v. STEPHENSON (2023)
Int'l Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383-85 (7th Cir. 1988) (affirming the district court's award of $21,500 in attorney's fees to a plaintiff who was awarded $4,500 in statutory damages for willful copyright infringement); see also Rockford Map Publishers, Inc. v. Directory Serv.
affirming the district court's award of $21,500 in attorney's fees to a plaintiff who was awarded $4,500 in statutory damages for willful copyright infringement
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Richardson v. Kharbouch (2023)
In the Seventh Circuit, “a finding of willfulness is justified ‘if the infringer knows that [his] conduct is an infringement or if the infringer has acted in reckless disregard of the copyright owner’s right[s].’” Wildlife Express Corp. v. Carol Wright Sales, Inc., 18 F.3d 502 , 511–12 (7th Cir. 1994) (quoting Video Views, 925 F.2d at 1020–21). “[E]vidence that notice had been accorded to the alleged infringer before the specific acts found to have constituted infringement o…
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Spanski Enterprises, Inc. v. Telewizja Polska, S.A. (2017)
Courts consider a number of factors in calculating a statutory award for willful copyright infringement, including: (1) the defendant’s history of copyright infringement, see, e.g., Superior Form Builders, Inc. v. Dan Chase Taxidermy Supply Co., 74 F.3d 488 , 496–497 (4th Cir. 1996); (2) deterrence against future violations of copyright infringement, see, e.g., International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383 (7th Cir. 1988); (3) the defendant’s purpose and intent,…
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Calibrated Success, Inc. v. Charters (2014)
“The determination of willfulness, which requires the assessment of the defendant’s intent, is an issue of fact.” International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 380 (7th Cir.1988).
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Stygian Songs v. Johnson (2011)
J. 344-45, 347.) And “[t]his Court has a duty under the relevant case law to put [Johnson] ‘on notice that it costs less to obey the copyright laws than to violate them,’ so [Johnson] will not ‘be able to sneer in the face of copyright owners and copyright laws.’ ” Jet Rumeurs, 632 F.Supp.2d at 625 -26 (quoting Int’l Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383 (7th Cir.1988)).
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Lang-Correa v. Diaz-Carlo (2009)
“Courts have wide discretion to set damages within these statutory limits.” *271 Pedrosillo Music, Inc. v. Radio Musical, Inc., 815 F.Supp. 511, 517 (D.P.R.1993) (citing Morley Music Co. v. Dick Stacey’s Plaza Motel, Inc., 725 F.2d 1, 3 (1st Cir.1983); Int’l Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383 (7th Cir.1988)).
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EMI April Music Inc. v. Jet Rumeurs, Inc. (2008)
Int’l Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383 (7th Cir.1988). 31 . 17 U.S.C. § 505 (2005). 32 .
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Fitzgerald v. CBS Broadcasting, Inc. (2007)
International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 382 (7th Cir.1988).
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Microsoft Corp. v. McGee (2007)
Id., citing Int’l Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 380-81 (7th Cir.1988) (willfulness may be demonstrated where infringer is provided notice of its infringing conduct).
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EMI Mills Music, Inc. v. Empress Hotel, Inc. (2006)
Id.; Int’l Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 381 (7th Cir.1988); Swallow Turn Music v. Wilson, 831 F.Supp. 575, 579-580 (E.D.Tex.1993).
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Ford Motor Co. v. Cross (2006)
Int’l Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 380-81 (7th Cir.1988) (wilfulness may be demonstrated where the infringer is provided notice of its infringing conduct).
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Berg v. Symons (2005)
Int’l Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383 (7th Cir.1988); Morley Music Co. v. Dick Stacey’s Plaza Motel, Inc., 725 F.2d 1, 3 (1st Cir.1983); Fermata Int’l Melodies, Inc. v. Champions Golf Club, Inc., 712 F.Supp. 1257,1263 (S.D.Tex.1989).
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Marobie-FL, Inc. v. National Ass'n of Fire Equip. Distributors and Northwest Nexus, Inc. (1997)
International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 380 (7th Cir.1988).
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Schmidt v. Holy Cross Cemetery, Inc. (1993)
Willfulness may be demonstrated where the infringer is provided written or oral notice of its infringing conduct by the copyright owner, yet “pass[es] the matter off as a nuisance.” International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 381 (7th Cir.1988). 10.
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Pedrosillo Music, Inc. v. Radio Musical, Inc. (1993)
International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383 (7th Cir.1988); see also, Morley Music Co. v. Dick Stacey’s Plaza Motel, Inc., 725 F.2d 1, 3 (1st Cir.1983) (stating that the determination of statutory damages is committed, within limits, to the court).
Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 382 (7th Cir.1988) (Under 504(c)(2), infringer “may not avoid a finding of willfulness by the assertion of a reasonable [even if unsuccessful] legal defense if such defense was determined only after the act of infringement occurred.”) (citing Nimmer § 14.04[B] at 14-40.4 n. 28).
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Broadcast Music, Inc. v. Claire's Boutiques, Inc. (1990)
International Kor-win Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 378 (7th Cir.1988).) 20 .
International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383 (7th Cir.1988); see also Morley Music Co. v. Dick Stacey’s Plaza Motel, Inc., 725 F.2d 1, 3 (1st Cir.1983) (stating that the determination of statutory damages is committed, within limits, to the court).
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Humphrey v. Columbia Records (1989)
Under the present statute both the award of costs, International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 384 (7th Cir.1988); Whelan Associates, Inc. v. Jaslow Dental Laboratory, 609 F.Supp. 1325, 1329 (E.D.Pa.1985); 3 Nimmer on Copyright, § 14.09 (1988), and the award of attorney’s fees, however, is within the court’s discretion.
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Chi-Boy Music, Realsongs and Virgin Music, Incorporated v. Charlie Club, Incorporated and Charles Vavrus (1991)
See International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 380 (7th Cir.1988).
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Broadcast Music, Inc. v. Claire's Boutiques, Inc., D/B/A Claire's Boutiques, and D/B/A Arcadia (1991)
See International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 665 F.Supp. 652, 657 (N.D.Ill.1987), affirmed, 855 F.2d 375 (7th Cir. 1988); Gnossos Music v. DiPompo, 13 U.S.P.Q.2d 1539 , 1542, 1989 WL 154358 (D.Me.1989); Merrill v. Bill Miller’s Bar-B-Q Enterprises, Inc., 688 F.Supp. 1172, 1176 (W.D.Tex.1988); Lamminations Music v. P & X Markets, Inc., 1985 Copyright L.Rep.
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Ali v. Final Call, Inc. (2017)
Corp. , 18 F.3d at 512 ; see also Int'l Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk , 855 F.2d 375 , 380 (7th Cir. 1988).
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Jobete Music Co. v. Johnson Communications, Inc. (2003)
See International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383 (7th Cir.1988) (“the damages only were approximately three times the amount that a properly purchased license would have cost [defendant] over the relevant period.”).
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Cross Keys Pub. Co. v. LL Bar T Land & Cattle Co. (1995)
See, e.g., International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d 375, 383 (7th Cir.1988) (affirming award of $1,500 per infringement which amounted to three times license fees); Fermata Int'l Melodies, Inc. v. Champions Golf Club, Inc., 712 F.Supp. 1257, 1264 (S.D.Tex.1989) (awarding $2,000 per infringing performance for a total of $8,000). 5.
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Broadcast Music, Inc. v. Jeep Sales & Service Co. (1990)
See, e.g., International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 665 F.Supp. 652 (N.D.Ill.1987), aff 'd 855 F.2d 375 (7th Cir.1988); Broadcast Music, Inc. v. United States Shoe Corp., 211 U.S.P.Q. 43 , 1980 WL 1178 (C.D.Cal.1980), aff'd, 678 F.2d 816 (9th Cir.1982); Sailor Music v. Gap Stores, Inc., 668 F.2d 84, 85-86 (2d Cir.1981); but see Springsteen v. Plaza Roller Dome, Inc., 602 F.Supp. 1113, 1117 (M.D.N.C.1985) (size of alleged offending facility and number of speakers not, standin…
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Little Mole Music v. Spike Investment, Inc. (1989)
Greenspan Co., Inc., 574 F.Supp. 31, 36 (E.D.Pa.1983), aff'd, 732 F.2d 146 (3d Cir.1984) (no correlation between damage awards and attorneys’ fees); see also International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 665 F.Supp. 652 (N.D.Ill.1987), aff'd, 855 F.2d 375 (7th Cir.1988) ($21,502.75 fee award and a $10,500 statutory damages award); Broadcast Music, Inc. v. Behulak, 651 F.Supp. 57 (M.D.Fla.1986) ($41,887.50 in attorneys’ fees and only $12,-000 awarded in statutory damages).
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Illinois Bell Telephone Co. v. Haines and Co. (1989)
See International Korwin Corp. v. Kowalczyk, 855 F.2d at 379-80 .