Hughes v. Hoffman (1984)

See Memorial Hosp. v. Heckler, 706 F.2d 1130, 1137 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 (1984) ("Until appellate rights are exhausted, even an otherwise valid judgment may be negated by supervening legislation."); Hammond v. United States, 786 F.2d 8, 12 (1st Cir.1986) (" 'No person has a vested interest in any rule of law entitling him to insist that it shall remain unchanged for his benefit.' This is true ... until a final, unreviewable judgment is obtained....") 1…

See Yorke v. NLRB, 709 F.2d 1138 , 1145-46 (7th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1276 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984).

Koch, 847 F.2d at 1445 ; see also Hughes v. Whitmer, 714 F.2d 1407, 1423 (8th Cir.1983) ("[A]n employee's first amendment interest is entitled to more weight where he is acting as a whistleblower exposing government corruption."), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1275 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984).

Koch, 847 F.2d at 1445 ; see also Hughes v. Whitmer, 714 F.2d 1407, 1423 (8th Cir.1983) (“[A]n employee’s first amendment interest is entitled to more weight where he is acting as a whistleblower exposing government corruption.”), cer t. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1275 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984).

See Hughes v. Whitmer, 714 F.2d 1407, 1419 (8th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1275 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984).

See United States v. Freire, 710 F.2d 1515, 1519 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1277 , 79 L.Ed.2d 681 (1984).

See Yorke v. NLRB, 709 F.2d 1138 (7th Cir.1983) (finding no breach of duty to bargain about effects despite trustee-in-bankruptcy's failure to provide pre-closure notification due to emergency situation), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1276 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984); Penntech Papers, 706 F.2d at 27.

See, e.g., Memorial Hospital v. Heckler, 706 F.2d 1130, 1134-35 (11th Cir.1983) (Secretary may choose any reasonable accounting procedure, consistent with statutes and regulations, for calculating hospitals’ reimbursable costs under Medicare program.), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1275 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984); cf. HCA Health Services of Midwest, Inc. v. Bowen, 869 F.2d 1179, 1181 (9th Cir.1989) (Even in absence of promulgated regulations, Secretary may apply “gene…

See Yorke v. NLRB, 709 F.2d 1138 (7th Cir.1983) (finding no breach of duty to bargain about effects despite trustee-in-bankruptcy’s failure to provide pre-closure notification due to emergency situation), ce rt. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1276 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984); Penntech Papers, 706 F.2d at 27.

See United States v. Freire, 710 F.2d 1515 (11th Cir.1983) (search of briefcase found in co-defendant's car considered separately from search of car), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1277 , 79 L.Ed.2d 681 (1984).

See United States v. Freire, 710 F.2d 1515 (11th Cir.1983) (search of briefcase found in co-defendant’s car considered separately from search of car), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1277 , 79 L.Ed.2d 681 (1984).

See, e.g., Hinkie v. United States, 715 F.2d 96, 97 (3rd Cir.1983) (“We are forced once again to decide a case where ‘we sense the injustice ... of the result’ but where nevertheless we have no legal authority, as an intermediate appellate court, to decide the case differently.”), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1276 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984); Scales v. United States, 685 F.2d 970, 974 (5th Cir.1982) (“we are compelled, however reluctantly, to ... dismiss the claim as …

See Memorial Hosp. v. Heckler, 706 F.2d 1130, 1137 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 (1984) (“Until appellate rights are exhausted, even an otherwise valid judgment may be negated by supervening legislation."); Hammond v. United States, 786 F.2d 8, 12 (1st Cir.1986) ("‘No person has a vested interest in any rule of law entitling him to insist that it shall remain unchanged for his benefit.’ This is true ... until a final, unreviewable judgment is obtained....”). .

See, e.g., Pacific Coast Medical Enters. v. Harris, 633 F.2d 123 , 131 (9th Cir.1980); see also Memorial Hosp. v. Heckler, 706 F.2d 1130, 1135 (11th Cir.1983), ce rt. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1275 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984).

See Memorial Hospital v. Heckler, 706 F.2d 1130 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1275 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984).

See Memorial Hospital v. Heckler, 706 F.2d 1130 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1275 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984).

Hogue v. Clinton, 791 F.2d 1318, 1323 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 648 , 93 L.Ed.2d 704 (1986); Griffin, 642 S.W.2d at 310 ; see also Hughes v. Whitmer, 714 F.2d 1407 (8th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1275 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984) (Missouri statute giving state power to transfer highway patrol trooper at will permitted transfer of trooper to anywhere in state with or without cause); Cato v. Collins, 539 F.2d 656 (8th Cir.1976) (Arkansas …

Hogue v. Clinton, 791 F.2d 1318, 1323 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 107 S.Ct. 648 , 93 L.Ed.2d 704 (1986); Griffin, 642 S.W.2d at 310 ; see also Hughes v. Whitmer, 714 F.2d 1407 (8th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1275 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984) (Missouri statute giving state power to transfer highway patrol trooper at will permitted transfer of trooper to anywhere in state with or without cause); Cato v. Collins, 539 F.2d 656 (8th Cir.1976) (Arka…

See Hughes v. Whitmer, 714 F.2d 1407, 1417 (8th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1275 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984). 24 As appellant did not establish that her speech was protected, nor that she had a property interest or liberty interest, summary judgment was proper.

See Hughes v. Whitmer, 714 F.2d 1407, 1417 (8th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1275 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984).

See United States v. Freire, 710 F.2d 1515, 1519 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1277 , 79 L.Ed.2d 681 (1984). *1380 Generally, an individual enjoys a reasonable expectation of privacy in personal luggage.

See Hinkie v. U.S., 715 F.2d 96, 98-99 (3d Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1276 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984); Lombard v. U.S., 690 F.2d 215, 223-226 (D.C.Cir.1982), cert. denied, 462 U.S. 1118 , 103 S.Ct. 3086 , 77 L.Ed.2d 1347 (1983); Laswell v. Brown, 683 F.2d 261 , 269 (8th Cir.1982), cert, denied sub nom., Laswell v. Weinberger, 459 U.S. 1210 , 103 S.Ct. 1205 , 75 L.Ed.2d 446 (1983); Monaco v. U.S., 661 F.2d 129, 133-34 (9th Cir. 1981), cert, denied, 456 U.…

See Hughes v. Whitmer, 714 F.2d 1407, 1419 (8th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1275 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984).

See Yorke v. NLRB, 709 F.2d 1138 , 1144-46 (7th Cir.1983), cert. den., 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1276 , 79 L.Ed.2d 680 (1984); Metropolitan Teletronics Corp., supra, 279 NLRB at 283; Highland Ranch v. Agricultural Labor Relations Bd., supra, 176 Cal.Rptr. at 761-64 , 633 A. 2d at- 957-60. 5 The *109 Transmarine Board explained the principles it used in fashioning its remedies as follows: “[W]e must be guided by the principle that the wrongdoer, rather than the victims of the…

See United States v. Freire, 710 F.2d 1515, 1519 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1277 , 79 L.Ed.2d 681 (1984) (while ownership by itself is not talismanic of reasonableness, “[i]t is, nevertheless, a bright star by which courts are guided when the place invaded enjoys universal acceptance as a haven of privacy, such as one’s home”).

See United States v. Freire, 710 F.2d 1515, 1519 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1023 , 104 S.Ct. 1277 , 79 L.Ed.2d 681 (1984) (while ownership by itself is not talismanic of reasonableness, “[i]t is, nevertheless, a bright star by which courts are guided when the place invaded enjoys universal acceptance as a haven of privacy, such as one’s home”).