facts satisfy the statutory standard in Illinois

2026App. 3d 135, 141 (2009). ¶ 25 “A mixed question of law and fact is one ‘involv[ing] an examination of the legal effect of a given set of facts.’ [Citation.] Stated another way, a mixed question is one ‘in which the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard, or *** whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or is not violated.’ [Citations]” AFM Messenger Service, Inc. v. Department of Employment Security, 198 Ill. 2d 380, 391 (2001).

2024A mixed question of fact and law is one “in which the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard, or *** whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or is not violated.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) AFM Messenger Service, Inc. v. Department of Employment Security, 198 Ill. 2d 380, 391 (2001).

2026Mixed questions of fact and law are “questions in which the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard.” American Federation of State, County, & Municipal Employees, Council 31 v. State Labor Relations Board, 216 Ill. 2d 569, 577 (2005).

2026Mixed questions of fact and law are “questions in which the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees, Council 31 v. Illinois State Labor Relations Board, State Panel, 216 Ill. 2d 569, 577 (2005).

2022“Mixed questions of fact and law are questions in which the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard, or to put it another way, whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or is not violated.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id. at 211 .

2022“Mixed questions of fact and law,” the supreme court explains, “are questions in which the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard, or to put it another way, whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or is not violated.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id.

2021A finding is “clearly erroneous” “only where the reviewing court, on the entire record, is ‘left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.’ ” AFM Messenger Service, Inc. v. Department of Employment Security, 198 Ill. 2d 380, 395 (2001) (quoting United States v. United States Gypsum Co., 333 U.S. 364, 395 (1948)). ¶ 22 Admission of Affidavits ¶ 23 Turning to the merits, Muldrow first argues that “[b]y denying Candidate the ability to offer affidavits into evidence, and present argument based upon those affidavits, the Electoral Board denied Candidate a meaningful

2012Where the historical facts are admitted or established, the controlling rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard, the case presents a mixed question of fact and law, for which the standard of review is “clearly erroneous” (AFM Messenger Service, Inc. v. Department of Employment Security, 198 Ill. 2d 380, 391-94 (2001)); we will reverse the agency’s decision only if we are “ ‘left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed’ ” (id. at 395 (quoting United States v. United States Gypsum Co., 333 U.S. 364, 395 (1948)))

2026Mixed questions of fact and law are “ ‘questions in which the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard, or to put it another way, whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or is not violated.’ ” American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees, 216 Ill. 2d at 577 (quoting Pullman-Standard v. Swint, 456 U.S. 273 , 289 n.19 (1982)).

2026Mixed questions of fact and law are “ ‘questions in which the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard, or to put it another way, whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or is not violated.’ ” American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees, 216 Ill.2d at 577 (quoting Pullman–Standard v. Swint, 456 U.S. 273 , 289 n. 19 (1982)).

2026“A mixed question is one in which the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard, or whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or is not violated.” Moss v. Department of Employment Security, 357 Ill.

2022A clearly erroneous decision leaves the reviewing court “with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.” American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees, Council 31 v. Illinois State Labor Relations Board, State Panel, 216 Ill. 2d 569, 577-78 (2005). 6 ¶ 18 A mixed question of fact and law is one where “the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard, or whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or is not violated.” Moss v. Department of E

2021Id. -6- “Mixed questions of fact and law are questions in which the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard, or to put it another way, whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or is not violated.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) AFSCME, 216 Ill. 2d at 577 .

2016City of Belvidere v. Illinois State Labor Relations Board, 181 Ill. 2d 191, 204 , 692 N.E.2d 295, 302 (1998). -4- ¶ 21 In City of Champaign v. Madigan, 2013 IL App (4th) 120662, ¶¶ 25-26 , 992 N.E.2d 629 , this court outlined the following differing standards of review: “An agency’s findings and conclusions of fact are deemed prima facie true and correct and will be overturned only if they are against the manifest weight of the evidence. [Citation.] A determination is against the manifest weight of the evidence if the opposite conclusion is clearly evident. [Citation.] [W]here the historical f

2017Where the historical facts are admitted or established, the controlling rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard, the case presents a mixed question of fact and law, and the standard of review is “clearly erroneous.” Id. at 406 .

2017Where the historical facts are admitted or established, the controlling rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard, the case presents a mixed question of fact and law, and the standard of review is “clearly erroneous.” Id. at 406 .

2025See Beggs v. Board of Education of Murphysboro Community Unit School District No. 186, 2016 IL 120236 , ¶ 50 (“[A] mixed question asks whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard or whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or is not violated.”); Board of Trustees of University of Illinois v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, 224 Ill. 2d 88, 98 (2007) (“While this standard is highly deferential, it does not relegate judicial review to mere blind deference of an agency’s order.”). ¶ 38 In Ford, the union filed an unfair labor practice charge under the Nationa

2021Under this standard, the Labor Board’s decision will be reversed only when the decision is clearly erroneous, that is, when, based on the entire record, we are “ ‘left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.’ ” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, 224 Ill. 2d 88, 97-98 (2007) (quoting AFM Messenger Service, Inc. v. Department of Employment Security, 198 Ill. 2d 380, 395 (2001)).

2023App. 3d 1035, 1039 (2003) (mixed question was presented when addressing agencies’ determination that a resident of a long-term care facility was required - 22 - 1-21-0236 to spend down assets of a certain trust before receiving Medicaid coverage); Senno v. Department of Healthcare & Family Services, 2015 IL App (1st) 132837, ¶ 34 (quoting Parikh v. Division of Professional Regulation of the Department of Financial & Professional Regulation, 2014 IL App (1st) 123319, ¶ 19 (a mixed question of law and fact is one in which “the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undi

2019App. 3d 197, 202 (2005) (stating that when a case involves “an examination of the legal effect of a given set of facts” it involves a mixed question of law and fact); Parikh v. Division of Professional Regulation of Department of Financial & Professional Regulation, 2014 IL App (1st) 123319, ¶ 19 (“[m]ixed questions of fact and law ‘are questions in which the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard,’ or to put it another way, whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or i

2019Kouzoukas v. Retirement Board of Policemen's Annuity & Benefit Fund of City of Chicago, 234 Ill. 2d 446, 463 (2009); see Cinkus, 228 Ill. 2d at 210 (“[A]n agency’s decision on a question of law is not binding on a reviewing court.”). 5 1-18-0964 ¶ 16 Mixed questions of fact and law are those in which “ ‘ “the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard, or to put it another way, whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or is not violated.” ’ ” Cinkus, 228 Ill. 2d at 210 (quo

2019Kouzoukas v. Retirement Board of Policemen's Annuity & Benefit Fund of City of Chicago, 234 Ill. 2d 446, 463 (2009); see Cinkus, 228 Ill. 2d at 210 (“[A]n agency’s decision on a question of law is not binding on a reviewing court.”). 5 1-18-0964 ¶ 16 Mixed questions of fact and law are those in which “ ‘ “the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard, or to put it another way, whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or is not violated.” ’ ” Cinkus, 228 Ill. 2d at 210 (quo

2025In other words, “a mixed question asks whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard or whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or is not violated.” Beggs, 2016 IL 120236, ¶ 50 .

2025See Beggs v. Board of Education of Murphysboro Community Unit School District No. 186, 2016 IL 120236 , ¶ 50 (“[A] mixed question asks whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard or whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or is not violated.”); Board of Trustees of University of Illinois v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, 224 Ill. 2d 88, 98 (2007) (“While this standard is highly deferential, it does not relegate judicial review to mere blind deference of an agency’s order.”). ¶ 38 In Ford, the union filed an unfair labor practice charge under the Nationa

2015We review the second contention— which asks "whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard"—for "clear error." County of Cook v. Illinois Labor Relations Board - Local Panel, 351 Ill.

2015We review the second contention–which asks “whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard”–for “clear error.” County of Cook v. Illinois Labor Relations Board–Local Panel, 351 Ill.

2014In other words, " 'the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard, or *** whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or is not violated.' " Id. (quoting Pullman-Standard v. Swint, 456 U.S. 273 , 289 n.19 (1982)). ¶ 36 When an issue involves a mixed question of law and fact, "deference will be given to the agency's decision and we will reverse only when the decision is clearly erroneous." Czajka v. Department of Employment Security, 387 Ill.

2014In other words, “ ‘the historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard, or *** whether the rule of law as applied to the established facts is or is not violated.’ ” Id. (quoting Pullman-Standard v. Swint, 456 U.S. 273 , 289 n.19 (1982)). ¶ 36 When an issue involves a mixed question of law and fact, “deference will be given to the agency’s decision and we will reverse only when the decision is clearly erroneous.” Czajka v. Department of Employment Security, 387 Ill.

2018The plaintiffs claim this appeal presents a mixed question of law and fact, which is reviewed for clear error and exists when the "historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard." Id. at 387 , 339 Ill.Dec. 10 , 925 N.E.2d 1131 .

2018The plaintiffs claim this appeal presents a mixed question of law and fact, which is reviewed for clear error and exists when the "historical facts are admitted or established, the rule of law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the statutory standard." Id. at 387 , 339 Ill.Dec. 10 , 925 N.E.2d 1131 .