sovereign and against waiver in Nebraska

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2017As we explained earlier, statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity of the State or its subdivisions are strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against the waiver, and a waiver of sovereign immunity is found only where stated by the most express language of a statute or by such overwhelming implication from the text as will allow no other reasonable construction.114 Thus, the misrepresentation exception must be strictly construed in favor of the government.115 In doing so, we cannot eliminate its application to a claim—the “essence” of which “is the commu- nica

2021More to the point, under our mandate of strict construction, the references in the relevant statutes to the final resolution of the matter in the 4 Meier v. State, 227 Neb. 376 , 417 N.W.2d 771 (1988). 5 Id. 6 Id. 7 Moser v. State, 307 Neb. 18 , 948 N.W.2d 194 (2020). 8 Id. 9 Id. - 755 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports IN RE INTEREST OF A.A.

2021More to the point, under our mandate of strict construction, the references in the relevant statutes to the final resolution of the matter in the 4 Meier v. State, 227 Neb. 376 , 417 N.W.2d 771 (1988). 5 Id. 6 Id. 7 Moser v. State, 307 Neb. 18 , 948 N.W.2d 194 (2020). 8 Id. 9 Id. - 755 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports IN RE INTEREST OF A.A.

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021More to the point, under our mandate of strict construction, the references in the relevant statutes to the final resolution of the matter in the 4 Meier v. State, 227 Neb. 376 , 417 N.W.2d 771 (1988). 5 Id. 6 Id. 7 Moser v. State, 307 Neb. 18 , 948 N.W.2d 194 (2020). 8 Id. 9 Id. - 755 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports IN RE INTEREST OF A.A.

2021More to the point, under our mandate of strict construction, the references in the relevant statutes to the final resolution of the matter in the 4 Meier v. State, 227 Neb. 376 , 417 N.W.2d 771 (1988). 5 Id. 6 Id. 7 Moser v. State, 307 Neb. 18 , 948 N.W.2d 194 (2020). 8 Id. 9 Id. - 755 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports IN RE INTEREST OF A.A.

2020Dist. 8 As an initial matter, we observe that this court may con- sider the State’s contention that the exception set forth in § 81-8,219(4) is applicable. 9 We have held that “when a plain- tiff’s complaint shows on its face that a claim is barred by one of the exceptions [to the State’s waiver of immunity], the State’s inherent immunity from suit is a jurisdictional issue that an appellate court cannot ignore.” 10 [6,7] It is well settled that statutes that purport to waive the protection of sovereign immunity of the State or its subdivisions are strictly construed in favor of the sovereign

2019Dist. 0001, 280 Neb. 205 , 784 N.W.2d 907 (2010). - 602 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 304 Nebraska Reports RUTLEDGE v. CITY OF KIMBALL Cite as 304 Neb. 593 between Ford and the City; therefore, the intentional torts exception preserves sovereign immunity.28 [13] Statutes that purport to waive the protection of sov- ereign immunity of the State or its subdivisions are strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against the waiver.29 While Rutledge’s claim is characterized as one of negligence, no claim would exist but for Ford’s alleged battery.

2004Salazar v. Scotts Bluff Cty., 266 Neb. 444 , 665 N.W.2d 659 (2003).

2004Salazar v. Scotts Bluff Cty., 266 Neb. 444 , 665 N.W.2d 659 (2003).

2001See, King v. State, 260 Neb. 14 , 614 N.W.2d 341 (2000); Woollen v. State, 256 Neb. 865 , 593 N.W.2d 729 (1999).

2001See, King v. State, 260 Neb. 14 , 614 N.W.2d 341 (2000); Woollen v. State, 256 Neb. 865 , 593 N.W.2d 729 (1999).

2024STATE Cite as 316 Neb. 446 in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 36 We explained the rationale for this rule in Jill B. & Travis B. v. State 37: The principle of strict construction predated the [STCA] and has been consistently followed after its adoption.

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2021Stat. §§ 81-8 ,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014). 20 See, Moser, supra note 3 ; Amend, supra note 9 . 21 Moser, supra note 3 . - 268 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports EDWARDS v. DOUGLAS COUNTY Cite as 308 Neb. 259 courts have long followed the rule that statutes purporting to waive the protection of sovereign immunity are to be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against waiver. 22 As a corollary to this canon of construction, and in order to strictly construe the PSTCA against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we apply a broad reading to statutory exemptions

2019Dist. 0001, 280 Neb. 205 , 784 N.W.2d 907 (2010). - 602 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 304 Nebraska Reports RUTLEDGE v. CITY OF KIMBALL Cite as 304 Neb. 593 between Ford and the City; therefore, the intentional torts exception preserves sovereign immunity.28 [13] Statutes that purport to waive the protection of sov- ereign immunity of the State or its subdivisions are strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against the waiver.29 While Rutledge’s claim is characterized as one of negligence, no claim would exist but for Ford’s alleged battery.

2019Dist. 0001, 280 Neb. 205 , 784 N.W.2d 907 (2010). - 602 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 304 Nebraska Reports RUTLEDGE v. CITY OF KIMBALL Cite as 304 Neb. 593 between Ford and the City; therefore, the intentional torts exception preserves sovereign immunity.28 [13] Statutes that purport to waive the protection of sov- ereign immunity of the State or its subdivisions are strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against the waiver.29 While Rutledge’s claim is characterized as one of negligence, no claim would exist but for Ford’s alleged battery.

2018Sales & Serv. v. Wegener, 297 Neb. 788 , 901 N.W.2d 278 (2017). 14 Zawaideh v. Nebraska Dept. of Health & Human Servs., 285 Neb. 48 , 825 N.W.2d 204 (2013). 15 Stick v. City of Omaha, 289 Neb. 752 , 857 N.W.2d 561 (2015). 16 Jill B. & Travis B. v. State, 297 Neb. 57 , 899 N.W.2d 241 (2017). 17 Shipley, supra note 12; Lawry, supra note 5 , overruled on other grounds, Davis, supra note 5 ; Jasa v. Douglas County, 244 Neb. 944 , 510 N.W.2d 281 (1994). 18 Rohde v. City of Ogallala, 273 Neb. 689 , 731 N.W.2d 898 (2007). 19 See, County of Lancaster v. State, 247 Neb. 723 , 529 N.W.2d 791 (1995); Hoi

2018Sales & Serv. v. Wegener, 297 Neb. 788 , 901 N.W.2d 278 (2017). 14 Zawaideh v. Nebraska Dept. of Health & Human Servs., 285 Neb. 48 , 825 N.W.2d 204 (2013). 15 Stick v. City of Omaha, 289 Neb. 752 , 857 N.W.2d 561 (2015). 16 Jill B. & Travis B. v. State, 297 Neb. 57 , 899 N.W.2d 241 (2017). 17 Shipley, supra note 12; Lawry, supra note 5 , overruled on other grounds, Davis, supra note 5 ; Jasa v. Douglas County, 244 Neb. 944 , 510 N.W.2d 281 (1994). 18 Rohde v. City of Ogallala, 273 Neb. 689 , 731 N.W.2d 898 (2007). 19 See, County of Lancaster v. State, 247 Neb. 723 , 529 N.W.2d 791 (1995); Hoi

2018Cite as 298 Neb. 617 exceptions.12 Appellate courts give statutory language its plain and ordinary meaning and will not resort to interpretation to ascertain the meaning of statutory words which are plain, direct, and unambiguous.13 [9-11] It is well settled that statutes that purport to waive the State’s protection of sovereign immunity are strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against the waiver.14 In order to strictly construe against a waiver of sovereign immunity, we broadly read exemptions from a waiver of sovereign immu- nity.15 A waiver of sovereign immunity is found only wh

2018A waiver of sovereign immunity is found only where stated by the most express language of a statute or by such overwhelming implication from the text as will allow no other reasonable construction. 34 Maria T. v. Jeremy S., 300 Neb. 563 , 915 N.W.2d 441 (2018). 35 Amend, supra note 12 , 298 Neb. at 624, 905 N.W.2d at 557 (emphasis supplied). - 253 - Nebraska Supreme Court A dvance Sheets 301 Nebraska R eports STATE EX REL.

2018A waiver of sovereign immunity is found only where stated by the most express language of a statute or by such overwhelming implication from the text as will allow no other reasonable construction. 34 Maria T. v. Jeremy S., 300 Neb. 563 , 915 N.W.2d 441 (2018). 35 Amend, supra note 12 , 298 Neb. at 624, 905 N.W.2d at 557 (emphasis supplied). - 253 - Nebraska Supreme Court A dvance Sheets 301 Nebraska R eports STATE EX REL.

2018RHILEY v. NEBRASKA STATE PATROL Cite as 301 Neb. 241 State’s sovereign immunity, usually in the context of either the State Tort Claims Act or the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act.16 [6-8] In doing so, we have found it well settled that stat- utes that purport to waive the State’s protection of sovereign immunity are strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and against the waiver.17 A waiver of sovereign immunity is found only where stated by the most express language of a statute or by such overwhelming implication from the text as will allow no other reasonable construction.18 Abse

2018Sales & Serv. v. Wegener, 297 Neb. 788 , 901 N.W.2d 278 (2017). 14 Zawaideh v. Nebraska Dept. of Health & Human Servs., 285 Neb. 48 , 825 N.W.2d 204 (2013). 15 Stick v. City of Omaha, 289 Neb. 752 , 857 N.W.2d 561 (2015). 16 Jill B. & Travis B. v. State, 297 Neb. 57 , 899 N.W.2d 241 (2017). 17 Shipley, supra note 12; Lawry, supra note 5 , overruled on other grounds, Davis, supra note 5 ; Jasa v. Douglas County, 244 Neb. 944 , 510 N.W.2d 281 (1994). 18 Rohde v. City of Ogallala, 273 Neb. 689 , 731 N.W.2d 898 (2007). 19 See, County of Lancaster v. State, 247 Neb. 723 , 529 N.W.2d 791 (1995); Hoi

2018Sales & Serv. v. Wegener, 297 Neb. 788 , 901 N.W.2d 278 (2017). 14 Zawaideh v. Nebraska Dept. of Health & Human Servs., 285 Neb. 48 , 825 N.W.2d 204 (2013). 15 Stick v. City of Omaha, 289 Neb. 752 , 857 N.W.2d 561 (2015). 16 Jill B. & Travis B. v. State, 297 Neb. 57 , 899 N.W.2d 241 (2017). 17 Shipley, supra note 12; Lawry, supra note 5 , overruled on other grounds, Davis, supra note 5 ; Jasa v. Douglas County, 244 Neb. 944 , 510 N.W.2d 281 (1994). 18 Rohde v. City of Ogallala, 273 Neb. 689 , 731 N.W.2d 898 (2007). 19 See, County of Lancaster v. State, 247 Neb. 723 , 529 N.W.2d 791 (1995); Hoi

2018Sales & Serv. v. Wegener, 297 Neb. 788 , 901 N.W.2d 278 (2017). 14 Zawaideh v. Nebraska Dept. of Health & Human Servs., 285 Neb. 48 , 825 N.W.2d 204 (2013). 15 Stick v. City of Omaha, 289 Neb. 752 , 857 N.W.2d 561 (2015). 16 Jill B. & Travis B. v. State, 297 Neb. 57 , 899 N.W.2d 241 (2017). 17 Shipley, supra note 12; Lawry, supra note 5 , overruled on other grounds, Davis, supra note 5 ; Jasa v. Douglas County, 244 Neb. 944 , 510 N.W.2d 281 (1994). 18 Rohde v. City of Ogallala, 273 Neb. 689 , 731 N.W.2d 898 (2007). 19 See, County of Lancaster v. State, 247 Neb. 723 , 529 N.W.2d 791 (1995); Hoi

2018Sales & Serv. v. Wegener, 297 Neb. 788 , 901 N.W.2d 278 (2017). 14 Zawaideh v. Nebraska Dept. of Health & Human Servs., 285 Neb. 48 , 825 N.W.2d 204 (2013). 15 Stick v. City of Omaha, 289 Neb. 752 , 857 N.W.2d 561 (2015). 16 Jill B. & Travis B. v. State, 297 Neb. 57 , 899 N.W.2d 241 (2017). 17 Shipley, supra note 12; Lawry, supra note 5 , overruled on other grounds, Davis, supra note 5 ; Jasa v. Douglas County, 244 Neb. 944 , 510 N.W.2d 281 (1994). 18 Rohde v. City of Ogallala, 273 Neb. 689 , 731 N.W.2d 898 (2007). 19 See, County of Lancaster v. State, 247 Neb. 723 , 529 N.W.2d 791 (1995); Hoi