86 Louisiana opinions name it 2 courts 1989–2026 13 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Louisiana courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Broussard v. State ex rel. Office of State Buildingsgreen2 sentences2024This risk-utility balancing test requires consideration of four factors: “[a.] the utility of the complained-of condition; [b.] the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; [c.] the cost of preventing the harm; and [d.] the nature of the plaintiff’s activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature.” Id. a. 2022The fact-finder, employing the risk-utility balancing test, therefore determines “which risks are unreasonable and whether those risks pose an open and obvious hazard.” Id. | 5 | 26 |
Boyle v. Board of Sup'rsgreen2 sentences2018See , e.g. , Reed , 97-1174 at p. 5, 708 So.2d at 365 ; Boyle v. Board of Sup'rs, Louisiana State Univ. , 96-1158 (La. 1/14/97), 685 So.2d 1080 , 1083 ; Specifically, we have synthesized this risk-utility balancing test to a consideration of four pertinent factors: (1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature. 2012Pryor, supra at 596 (citing Reed, supra at 365 ; Boyle, supra at 1083). 4 Therefore, cost is a necessary part of the risk-utility balancing test. | 3 | 22 |
Roy Bufkin, Jr. v. Felipe's Louisiana, LLCgreen2 sentences2022The Louisiana Supreme Court devised a risk-utility balancing test involving consideration of four pertinent factors in determining whether a condition is unreasonably dangerous: “(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of the harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff’s activities in terms of social utility or whether the activities were dangerous by nature.” Bufkin v. Felipe's Louisiana, LLC, 14-0288 (La. 10/15/14), 171 So. 3d 851, 859 (citing Broussard, 11 2021To decide if a defect presents an unreasonable risk of harm, a risk-utility balancing test is used; the Louisiana Supreme Court has “synthesized the risk-utility balancing test to a consideration of four pertinent factors.” Bufkin v. Felipe's Louisiana, LLC, 14-0288, p. 6 (La. 10/15/14), 171 So.3d 851, 856 .10 The second part of the test focuses on whether the alleged defect is obvious and apparent. | 2 | 13 |
Reed v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.green2 sentences2018See , e.g. , Reed , 97-1174 at p. 5, 708 So.2d at 365 ; Boyle v. Board of Sup'rs, Louisiana State Univ. , 96-1158 (La. 1/14/97), 685 So.2d 1080 , 1083 ; Specifically, we have synthesized this risk-utility balancing test to a consideration of four pertinent factors: (1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature. 2012Pryor, supra at 596 (citing Reed, supra at 365 ; Boyle, supra at 1083). 4 Therefore, cost is a necessary part of the risk-utility balancing test. | 2 | 10 |
Chambers v. Village of Moreauvillegreen2 sentences2021The Supreme Court, in 16 Chambers v. Vill. of Moreauville, 11-898, p. 9 (La. 1/24/12), 85 So.3d 593, 600 , held that “cost is a necessary part of the risk-utility balancing test.” In Chambers, the plaintiff suffered injuries after she tripped and fell due to the deviation in a public sidewalk. 2019In Chambers , 85 So.3d at 597 -8 , the supreme court explained how courts determine if a condition is unreasonably dangerous: Courts have adopted a risk-utility balancing test to determine whether a condition is unreasonably dangerous, wherein the trier of fact balances the gravity and the risk of harm against the individual and societal utility and the cost and feasibility of repair. | 2 | 9 |
Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging Inc.green2 sentences2021E.g., Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging, Inc., 08-0528, p. 5 (La. 12/2/08), 995 So.2d 1184, 1186-87 (per curiam); Hutchinson v. Knights of Columbus, Council No. 5747, 03-1533, pp. 9-10 (La. 2/20/04), 866 So.2d 228, 235 ; Pitre v. Louisiana Tech. 2017To assist the finder of fact to determine whether a building's vice or defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the Supreme Court has adopted a risk-utility balancing test that weighs four factors: "(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature." Id. at 184 (citing Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging, Inc. , 08-0528 (La. 12/2/08), 995 So | 2 | 5 |
Pryor v. Iberia Parish School Boardgreen2 sentences2019Pryor v. Iberia Parish School Bd. , 10-1683 (La. 3/15/11), 60 So.3d 594 , 596 (citing Reed v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. , 97-1174 (La. 3/4/98), 708 So.2d 362 , 365 ; Boyle v. Board of Sup'rs, Louisiana State University , 96-1158 (La. 1/14/97), 685 So.2d 1080 , 1083 ). 2012Pryor, supra at 596 (citing Reed, supra at 365 ; Boyle, supra at 1083). 4 Therefore, cost is a necessary part of the risk-utility balancing test. | 1 | 4 |
White v. City of Alexandriagreen2 sentences2019This Court has applied the risk-utility balancing test to determine whether a defect in a sidewalk creates an unreasonable risk of harm, and determined there is no fixed rule in determining whether a defect in a sidewalk is unreasonably dangerous. *1109 Boyle, supra at 1082 (citing White v. City of Alexandria , 216 La. 308 , 43 So.2d 618 , 620 (1949) ). 2019This Court has applied the risk-utility balancing test to determine whether a defect in a sidewalk creates an unreasonable risk of harm, and determined there is no fixed rule in determining whether a defect in a sidewalk is unreasonably dangerous. *1109 Boyle, supra at 1082 (citing White v. City of Alexandria , 216 La. 308 , 43 So.2d 618 , 620 (1949) ). | 1 | 3 |
Temple v. Morgangreen2 sentences2019Temple , 15-1159 at p. 10, 196 So.3d at 77 . 2019Temple , 15-1159 at p. 10, 196 So.3d at 77 . | 1 | 3 |
Allen v. Lockwoodgreen1 sentence2021See Allen v. Lockwood, 156 So.3d 650, 653 (La. 2015).4 The Louisiana Supreme Court devised a risk-utility balancing test involving consideration of four pertinent factors: “(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of the harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the 4 The Louisiana Supreme Court clarified that “[w]e note that our opinion in Broussard v. State ex rel. | 1 | 1 |
Breaux v. Fresh Start Properties, L.L.C.green1 sentence2017To assist the finder of fact to determine whether a building's vice or defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the Supreme Court has adopted a risk-utility balancing test that weighs four factors: "(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature." Id. at 184 (citing Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging, Inc. , 08-0528 (La. 12/2/08), 995 So | 1 | 1 |
| Verrett v. Cameron Telephone Co.green | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Louisiana. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Entrevia v. Hood
green
2 sentences1997This risk-utility balancing test followed by the court in Boyle is adopted from the court's earlier decision in Entrevia v. Hood, 427 So.2d 1146 (La.1983), and includes the weighing of "factors such as gravity and risk of harm, individual and societal rights and obligations, and the social utility involved." Boyle , 96-1158 at p. 5; 685 So.2d at 1083 . 1997The Boyle court applied the risk-utility balancing test of Entrevia v. Hood, 427 So.2d 1146 (La.1983), and Langlois v. Allied Chemical Corp., 258 La. 1067 , 249 So.2d 133 (1971), which requires the fact-finder to weigh factors such as gravity and risk of harm, individual and societal rights and obligations and the social utility involved in determining *1220 whether a condition presents an unreasonable risk of harm. | 7 | 1989–2017 |
Hutchinson v. KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS, NO. 5747
green
2 sentences2017To assist the finder of fact to determine whether a building's vice or defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the Supreme Court has adopted a risk-utility balancing test that weighs four factors: "(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature." Hutchinson v. Knights of Columbus, Council No. 5747 , 03-1533 (La. 2/20/04), 866 So.2d 228 2017To assist the finder of fact to determine whether a building's vice or defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the Supreme Court has adopted a risk-utility balancing test that weighs four factors: "(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature." Id. at 184 (citing Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging, Inc. , 08-0528 (La. 12/2/08), 995 So | 5 | 2013–2021 |
Bell v. Jet Wheel Blast, Div. of Ervin Industries
green
2 sentences1993Bell, supra; Entrevia, supra. See also L. 1992Bell, supra; Entrevia, supra. See also L. | 3 | 1989–1993 |
Eskine v. City of Gretna
neutral
2 sentences2019Id. at 342 . 2019Id. at 342 . | 2 | 2019–2019 |
Williams v. Liberty Mutual Fire Insurance Co.
green
2 sentences2019Williams, 217 So.3d at 425 , citing Broussard v. State ex rel. 2019Williams, 217 So.3d at 425 , citing Broussard v. State ex rel. | 2 | 2019–2019 |
Pitre v. Louisiana Tech University
green
2 sentences2017To assist the finder of fact to determine whether a building's vice or defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the Supreme Court has adopted a risk-utility balancing test that weighs four factors: "(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature." Id. at 184 (citing Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging, Inc. , 08-0528 (La. 12/2/08), 995 So 2015Broussard, 113 So.3d at 184 ; Pitre v. Louisiana Tech Univ., 95-1466 (La.5/10/96), 673 So.2d 585, 591 . | 2 | 2015–2017 |
Reitzell v. Pecanland Mall Associates, Ltd.
green
2 sentences2009In determining whether a defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the courts use a risk-utility balancing test in which the gravity and risk of harm is balanced against the individual and societal rights and obligations, the social utility, and the cost and feasibility of repair. *292 Leonard , 05-32 at p. 5, 902 So.2d at 504 ; Joseph , 02-1996 at p. 4, 842 So.2d at 423 , citing Reitzell , 37,524 at pp. 3-4, 852 So.2d at 1232 . 2006Leonard , 05-32 at p. 5, 902 So.2d at 504 ; Joseph , 02-1996 at p. 4, 842 So.2d at 423 , citing Reitzell , 37,524 at pp. 3-4, 852 So.2d at 1232 . | 2 | 2006–2009 |
Leonard v. Parish of Jefferson
green
2 sentences2009In determining whether a defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the courts use a risk-utility balancing test in which the gravity and risk of harm is balanced against the individual and societal rights and obligations, the social utility, and the cost and feasibility of repair. *292 Leonard , 05-32 at p. 5, 902 So.2d at 504 ; Joseph , 02-1996 at p. 4, 842 So.2d at 423 , citing Reitzell , 37,524 at pp. 3-4, 852 So.2d at 1232 . 2006Leonard , 05-32 at p. 5, 902 So.2d at 504 ; Joseph , 02-1996 at p. 4, 842 So.2d at 423 , citing Reitzell , 37,524 at pp. 3-4, 852 So.2d at 1232 . | 2 | 2006–2009 |
Joseph v. City of New Orleans
green
2 sentences2009In determining whether a defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the courts use a risk-utility balancing test in which the gravity and risk of harm is balanced against the individual and societal rights and obligations, the social utility, and the cost and feasibility of repair. *292 Leonard , 05-32 at p. 5, 902 So.2d at 504 ; Joseph , 02-1996 at p. 4, 842 So.2d at 423 , citing Reitzell , 37,524 at pp. 3-4, 852 So.2d at 1232 . 2006Leonard , 05-32 at p. 5, 902 So.2d at 504 ; Joseph , 02-1996 at p. 4, 842 So.2d at 423 , citing Reitzell , 37,524 at pp. 3-4, 852 So.2d at 1232 . | 2 | 2006–2009 |
Boyer v. Seal
green
2 sentences1996Boyer v. Seal, 553 So.2d 827 (La.1989). 1996Citing the example of the cat in Boyer v. Seal, 553 So.2d 827 (La.1989) which innocuously brushed against the leg of the plaintiff, the majority mistakenly restates the mathe-matical-like expression of the supreme court for the risk-utility balancing test in the terms of a new math equation which doesn’t add up. | 2 | 1994–1996 |
Tannehill v. Joguyro, Inc.
green
1 sentence2026Id. | 1 | 2026–2026 |
Lincoln v. Acadian Plumbing & Drain, LLC
green
1 sentence2022App. 5 Cir. 5/16/18), 247 So.3d 205, 210 , writ denied, 18-1074 (La. 10/15/18), 253 So.3d 1302 . | 1 | 2022–2022 |
State v. Green
neutral
1 sentence2022App. 5 Cir. 5/16/18), 247 So.3d 205, 210 , writ denied, 18-1074 (La. 10/15/18), 253 So.3d 1302 . | 1 | 2022–2022 |
Casborn v. Jefferson Parish Hospital District No. 1
neutral
1 sentence2020Id. at 544 . | 1 | 2020–2020 |
Nachreiner Boie Art Factory v. Goris
green
1 sentence2017To assist the finder of fact to determine whether a building's vice or defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the Supreme Court has adopted a risk-utility balancing test that weighs four factors: "(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature." Id. at 184 (citing Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging, Inc. , 08-0528 (La. 12/2/08), 995 So | 1 | 2017–2017 |
North Michigan Land & Oil Corp. v. Michigan Public Service Commission
green
2 sentences2017To assist the finder of fact to determine whether a building's vice or defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the Supreme Court has adopted a risk-utility balancing test that weighs four factors: "(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature." Id. at 184 (citing Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging, Inc. , 08-0528 (La. 12/2/08), 995 So 2017To assist the finder of fact to determine whether a building's vice or defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the Supreme Court has adopted a risk-utility balancing test that weighs four factors: "(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature." Id. at 184 (citing Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging, Inc. , 08-0528 (La. 12/2/08), 995 So | 1 | 2017–2017 |
Nugent v. Car Town of Monroe, Inc.
green
1 sentence2016Although the precise phrase “unreasonable risk of harm” does not appear in the statutes governing premises liability, see Nugent v. Car Town of Monroe, Inc., 50,910 (La.App. 2d Cir. 9/28/16), 206 So.3d 369, 374 , to aid the trier-of-fact in making the unscientific, factual determination of whether a condition presents an unreasonable risk of harm, our courts have consistently given consideration to the risk-utility balancing test by which the fact-finder must balance the gravity and risk of harm against individual societal rights and obligations, the social utility of the thing, and the cost a | 1 | 2016–2016 |
Lodato v. Leboeuf
neutral
1 sentence2014Chambers v. Village of Moreauville, supra; Dickson v. City of Shreveport, 47,268 (La.App.2d Cir.8/8/12), 104 So.3d 9 , writ denied, 2012-2284 (La.11/30/12), 103 So.3d 375 . | 1 | 2014–2014 |
Dickson v. City of Shreveport
neutral
1 sentence2014Chambers v. Village of Moreauville, supra; Dickson v. City of Shreveport, 47,268 (La.App.2d Cir.8/8/12), 104 So.3d 9 , writ denied, 2012-2284 (La.11/30/12), 103 So.3d 375 . | 1 | 2014–2014 |
| In re Appeal of the Decision of the Disciplinary Board No. 12-PDB-014 green | 1 | 2013–2013 |
| Butkiewicz v. Evans green | 1 | 2010–2010 |
| Pamplin v. Bossier Parish Community College green | 1 | 2010–2010 |
| Pepper v. Triplet green | 1 | 2007–2007 |
| Boyle v. BD. OF SUP'RS OF LA. STATE UNIV. & AGRIC. & MECHANICAL COLLEGE green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Maxwell v. Board of Trustees for State Colleges & Universities green | 1 | 1999–1999 |
| Maxwell v. Board of Trustees green | 1 | 1999–1999 |
| Halphen v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp. green | 1 | 1999–1999 |
| Smith v. Roan green | 1 | 1998–1998 |
| Verrett v. Cameron Telephone Co. green | 1 | 1998–1998 |
| Langlois v. Allied Chemical Corporation green | 1 | 1997–1997 |
| Celestine v. Union Oil Co. of California green | 1 | 1997–1997 |
| Pitre v. Government Employees Ins. Co. green | 1 | 1992–1992 |
| Smith v. American Indem. Ins. Co. green | 1 | 1992–1992 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.