risk-utility balancing test (Louisiana) · Go Syfert
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risk-utility balancing test in Louisiana

86 Louisiana opinions name it 2 courts 1989–2026 13 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Louisiana courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (12)

CaseFollowedCited
Broussard v. State ex rel. Office of State Buildingsgreen
la · 2013 · cited in 26 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2013–2024
2 sentences

2024This risk-utility balancing test requires consideration of four factors: “[a.] the utility of the complained-of condition; [b.] the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; [c.] the cost of preventing the harm; and [d.] the nature of the plaintiff’s activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature.” Id. a.

2022The fact-finder, employing the risk-utility balancing test, therefore determines “which risks are unreasonable and whether those risks pose an open and obvious hazard.” Id.

526
Boyle v. Board of Sup'rsgreen
la · 1997 · cited in 22 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1997–2021
2 sentences

2018See , e.g. , Reed , 97-1174 at p. 5, 708 So.2d at 365 ; Boyle v. Board of Sup'rs, Louisiana State Univ. , 96-1158 (La. 1/14/97), 685 So.2d 1080 , 1083 ; Specifically, we have synthesized this risk-utility balancing test to a consideration of four pertinent factors: (1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature.

2012Pryor, supra at 596 (citing Reed, supra at 365 ; Boyle, supra at 1083). 4 Therefore, cost is a necessary part of the risk-utility balancing test.

322
Roy Bufkin, Jr. v. Felipe's Louisiana, LLCgreen
la · 2014 · cited in 13 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2016–2024
2 sentences

2022The Louisiana Supreme Court devised a risk-utility balancing test involving consideration of four pertinent factors in determining whether a condition is unreasonably dangerous: “(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of the harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff’s activities in terms of social utility or whether the activities were dangerous by nature.” Bufkin v. Felipe's Louisiana, LLC, 14-0288 (La. 10/15/14), 171 So. 3d 851, 859 (citing Broussard, 11

2021To decide if a defect presents an unreasonable risk of harm, a risk-utility balancing test is used; the Louisiana Supreme Court has “synthesized the risk-utility balancing test to a consideration of four pertinent factors.” Bufkin v. Felipe's Louisiana, LLC, 14-0288, p. 6 (La. 10/15/14), 171 So.3d 851, 856 .10 The second part of the test focuses on whether the alleged defect is obvious and apparent.

213
Reed v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.green
la · 1998 · cited in 10 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2000–2019
2 sentences

2018See , e.g. , Reed , 97-1174 at p. 5, 708 So.2d at 365 ; Boyle v. Board of Sup'rs, Louisiana State Univ. , 96-1158 (La. 1/14/97), 685 So.2d 1080 , 1083 ; Specifically, we have synthesized this risk-utility balancing test to a consideration of four pertinent factors: (1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature.

2012Pryor, supra at 596 (citing Reed, supra at 365 ; Boyle, supra at 1083). 4 Therefore, cost is a necessary part of the risk-utility balancing test.

210
Chambers v. Village of Moreauvillegreen
la · 2012 · cited in 9 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2014–2021
2 sentences

2021The Supreme Court, in 16 Chambers v. Vill. of Moreauville, 11-898, p. 9 (La. 1/24/12), 85 So.3d 593, 600 , held that “cost is a necessary part of the risk-utility balancing test.” In Chambers, the plaintiff suffered injuries after she tripped and fell due to the deviation in a public sidewalk.

2019In Chambers , 85 So.3d at 597 -8 , the supreme court explained how courts determine if a condition is unreasonably dangerous: Courts have adopted a risk-utility balancing test to determine whether a condition is unreasonably dangerous, wherein the trier of fact balances the gravity and the risk of harm against the individual and societal utility and the cost and feasibility of repair.

29
Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging Inc.green
la · 2008 · cited in 5 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2013–2021
2 sentences

2021E.g., Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging, Inc., 08-0528, p. 5 (La. 12/2/08), 995 So.2d 1184, 1186-87 (per curiam); Hutchinson v. Knights of Columbus, Council No. 5747, 03-1533, pp. 9-10 (La. 2/20/04), 866 So.2d 228, 235 ; Pitre v. Louisiana Tech.

2017To assist the finder of fact to determine whether a building's vice or defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the Supreme Court has adopted a risk-utility balancing test that weighs four factors: "(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature." Id. at 184 (citing Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging, Inc. , 08-0528 (La. 12/2/08), 995 So

25
Pryor v. Iberia Parish School Boardgreen
la · 2011 · cited in 4 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2012–2019
2 sentences

2019Pryor v. Iberia Parish School Bd. , 10-1683 (La. 3/15/11), 60 So.3d 594 , 596 (citing Reed v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. , 97-1174 (La. 3/4/98), 708 So.2d 362 , 365 ; Boyle v. Board of Sup'rs, Louisiana State University , 96-1158 (La. 1/14/97), 685 So.2d 1080 , 1083 ).

2012Pryor, supra at 596 (citing Reed, supra at 365 ; Boyle, supra at 1083). 4 Therefore, cost is a necessary part of the risk-utility balancing test.

14
White v. City of Alexandriagreen
la · 1949 · cited in 3 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2012–2019
2 sentences

2019This Court has applied the risk-utility balancing test to determine whether a defect in a sidewalk creates an unreasonable risk of harm, and determined there is no fixed rule in determining whether a defect in a sidewalk is unreasonably dangerous. *1109 Boyle, supra at 1082 (citing White v. City of Alexandria , 216 La. 308 , 43 So.2d 618 , 620 (1949) ).

2019This Court has applied the risk-utility balancing test to determine whether a defect in a sidewalk creates an unreasonable risk of harm, and determined there is no fixed rule in determining whether a defect in a sidewalk is unreasonably dangerous. *1109 Boyle, supra at 1082 (citing White v. City of Alexandria , 216 La. 308 , 43 So.2d 618 , 620 (1949) ).

13
Temple v. Morgangreen
lactapp · 2016 · cited in 3 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2016–2019
2 sentences

2019Temple , 15-1159 at p. 10, 196 So.3d at 77 .

2019Temple , 15-1159 at p. 10, 196 So.3d at 77 .

13
Allen v. Lockwoodgreen
la · 2015 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021See Allen v. Lockwood, 156 So.3d 650, 653 (La. 2015).4 The Louisiana Supreme Court devised a risk-utility balancing test involving consideration of four pertinent factors: “(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of the harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the 4 The Louisiana Supreme Court clarified that “[w]e note that our opinion in Broussard v. State ex rel.

11
Breaux v. Fresh Start Properties, L.L.C.green
lactapp · 2011 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
1 sentence

2017To assist the finder of fact to determine whether a building's vice or defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the Supreme Court has adopted a risk-utility balancing test that weighs four factors: "(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature." Id. at 184 (citing Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging, Inc. , 08-0528 (La. 12/2/08), 995 So

11
Verrett v. Cameron Telephone Co.green
lactapp · 1982 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1998–1998
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Louisiana. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (33)

CaseCitedYears
Entrevia v. Hood green
la · 1983
2 sentences

1997This risk-utility balancing test followed by the court in Boyle is adopted from the court's earlier decision in Entrevia v. Hood, 427 So.2d 1146 (La.1983), and includes the weighing of "factors such as gravity and risk of harm, individual and societal rights and obligations, and the social utility involved." Boyle , 96-1158 at p. 5; 685 So.2d at 1083 .

1997The Boyle court applied the risk-utility balancing test of Entrevia v. Hood, 427 So.2d 1146 (La.1983), and Langlois v. Allied Chemical Corp., 258 La. 1067 , 249 So.2d 133 (1971), which requires the fact-finder to weigh factors such as gravity and risk of harm, individual and societal rights and obligations and the social utility involved in determining *1220 whether a condition presents an unreasonable risk of harm.

71989–2017
Hutchinson v. KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS, NO. 5747 green
la · 2004
2 sentences

2017To assist the finder of fact to determine whether a building's vice or defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the Supreme Court has adopted a risk-utility balancing test that weighs four factors: "(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature." Hutchinson v. Knights of Columbus, Council No. 5747 , 03-1533 (La. 2/20/04), 866 So.2d 228

2017To assist the finder of fact to determine whether a building's vice or defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the Supreme Court has adopted a risk-utility balancing test that weighs four factors: "(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature." Id. at 184 (citing Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging, Inc. , 08-0528 (La. 12/2/08), 995 So

52013–2021
Bell v. Jet Wheel Blast, Div. of Ervin Industries green
la · 1985
2 sentences

1993Bell, supra; Entrevia, supra. See also L.

1992Bell, supra; Entrevia, supra. See also L.

31989–1993
Eskine v. City of Gretna neutral
lactapp · 2018
2 sentences

2019Id. at 342 .

2019Id. at 342 .

22019–2019
Williams v. Liberty Mutual Fire Insurance Co. green
lactapp · 2017
2 sentences

2019Williams, 217 So.3d at 425 , citing Broussard v. State ex rel.

2019Williams, 217 So.3d at 425 , citing Broussard v. State ex rel.

22019–2019
Pitre v. Louisiana Tech University green
la · 1996
2 sentences

2017To assist the finder of fact to determine whether a building's vice or defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the Supreme Court has adopted a risk-utility balancing test that weighs four factors: "(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature." Id. at 184 (citing Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging, Inc. , 08-0528 (La. 12/2/08), 995 So

2015Broussard, 113 So.3d at 184 ; Pitre v. Louisiana Tech Univ., 95-1466 (La.5/10/96), 673 So.2d 585, 591 .

22015–2017
Reitzell v. Pecanland Mall Associates, Ltd. green
lactapp · 2003
2 sentences

2009In determining whether a defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the courts use a risk-utility balancing test in which the gravity and risk of harm is balanced against the individual and societal rights and obligations, the social utility, and the cost and feasibility of repair. *292 Leonard , 05-32 at p. 5, 902 So.2d at 504 ; Joseph , 02-1996 at p. 4, 842 So.2d at 423 , citing Reitzell , 37,524 at pp. 3-4, 852 So.2d at 1232 .

2006Leonard , 05-32 at p. 5, 902 So.2d at 504 ; Joseph , 02-1996 at p. 4, 842 So.2d at 423 , citing Reitzell , 37,524 at pp. 3-4, 852 So.2d at 1232 .

22006–2009
Leonard v. Parish of Jefferson green
lactapp · 2005
2 sentences

2009In determining whether a defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the courts use a risk-utility balancing test in which the gravity and risk of harm is balanced against the individual and societal rights and obligations, the social utility, and the cost and feasibility of repair. *292 Leonard , 05-32 at p. 5, 902 So.2d at 504 ; Joseph , 02-1996 at p. 4, 842 So.2d at 423 , citing Reitzell , 37,524 at pp. 3-4, 852 So.2d at 1232 .

2006Leonard , 05-32 at p. 5, 902 So.2d at 504 ; Joseph , 02-1996 at p. 4, 842 So.2d at 423 , citing Reitzell , 37,524 at pp. 3-4, 852 So.2d at 1232 .

22006–2009
Joseph v. City of New Orleans green
lactapp · 2003
2 sentences

2009In determining whether a defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the courts use a risk-utility balancing test in which the gravity and risk of harm is balanced against the individual and societal rights and obligations, the social utility, and the cost and feasibility of repair. *292 Leonard , 05-32 at p. 5, 902 So.2d at 504 ; Joseph , 02-1996 at p. 4, 842 So.2d at 423 , citing Reitzell , 37,524 at pp. 3-4, 852 So.2d at 1232 .

2006Leonard , 05-32 at p. 5, 902 So.2d at 504 ; Joseph , 02-1996 at p. 4, 842 So.2d at 423 , citing Reitzell , 37,524 at pp. 3-4, 852 So.2d at 1232 .

22006–2009
Boyer v. Seal green
la · 1989
2 sentences

1996Boyer v. Seal, 553 So.2d 827 (La.1989).

1996Citing the example of the cat in Boyer v. Seal, 553 So.2d 827 (La.1989) which innocuously brushed against the leg of the plaintiff, the majority mistakenly restates the mathe-matical-like expression of the supreme court for the risk-utility balancing test in the terms of a new math equation which doesn’t add up.

21994–1996
Tannehill v. Joguyro, Inc. green
lactapp · 1998
1 sentence

2026Id.

12026–2026
Lincoln v. Acadian Plumbing & Drain, LLC green
lactapp · 2018
1 sentence

2022App. 5 Cir. 5/16/18), 247 So.3d 205, 210 , writ denied, 18-1074 (La. 10/15/18), 253 So.3d 1302 .

12022–2022
State v. Green neutral
la · 2018
1 sentence

2022App. 5 Cir. 5/16/18), 247 So.3d 205, 210 , writ denied, 18-1074 (La. 10/15/18), 253 So.3d 1302 .

12022–2022
Casborn v. Jefferson Parish Hospital District No. 1 neutral
lactapp · 2012
1 sentence

2020Id. at 544 .

12020–2020
Nachreiner Boie Art Factory v. Goris green
scotus · 1996
1 sentence

2017To assist the finder of fact to determine whether a building's vice or defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the Supreme Court has adopted a risk-utility balancing test that weighs four factors: "(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature." Id. at 184 (citing Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging, Inc. , 08-0528 (La. 12/2/08), 995 So

12017–2017
North Michigan Land & Oil Corp. v. Michigan Public Service Commission green
scotus · 1996
2 sentences

2017To assist the finder of fact to determine whether a building's vice or defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the Supreme Court has adopted a risk-utility balancing test that weighs four factors: "(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature." Id. at 184 (citing Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging, Inc. , 08-0528 (La. 12/2/08), 995 So

2017To assist the finder of fact to determine whether a building's vice or defect creates an unreasonable risk of harm, the Supreme Court has adopted a risk-utility balancing test that weighs four factors: "(1) the utility of the complained-of condition; (2) the likelihood and magnitude of harm, including the obviousness and apparentness of the condition; (3) the cost of preventing the harm; and (4) the nature of the plaintiff's activities in terms of its social utility or whether it is dangerous by nature." Id. at 184 (citing Dauzat v. Curnest Guillot Logging, Inc. , 08-0528 (La. 12/2/08), 995 So

12017–2017
Nugent v. Car Town of Monroe, Inc. green
lactapp · 2016
1 sentence

2016Although the precise phrase “unreasonable risk of harm” does not appear in the statutes governing premises liability, see Nugent v. Car Town of Monroe, Inc., 50,910 (La.App. 2d Cir. 9/28/16), 206 So.3d 369, 374 , to aid the trier-of-fact in making the unscientific, factual determination of whether a condition presents an unreasonable risk of harm, our courts have consistently given consideration to the risk-utility balancing test by which the fact-finder must balance the gravity and risk of harm against individual societal rights and obligations, the social utility of the thing, and the cost a

12016–2016
Lodato v. Leboeuf neutral
la · 2012
1 sentence

2014Chambers v. Village of Moreauville, supra; Dickson v. City of Shreveport, 47,268 (La.App.2d Cir.8/8/12), 104 So.3d 9 , writ denied, 2012-2284 (La.11/30/12), 103 So.3d 375 .

12014–2014
Dickson v. City of Shreveport neutral
lactapp · 2012
1 sentence

2014Chambers v. Village of Moreauville, supra; Dickson v. City of Shreveport, 47,268 (La.App.2d Cir.8/8/12), 104 So.3d 9 , writ denied, 2012-2284 (La.11/30/12), 103 So.3d 375 .

12014–2014
In re Appeal of the Decision of the Disciplinary Board No. 12-PDB-014 green
la · 2012
12013–2013
Butkiewicz v. Evans green
lactapp · 2006
12010–2010
Pamplin v. Bossier Parish Community College green
lactapp · 2004
12010–2010
Pepper v. Triplet green
la · 2004
12007–2007
Boyle v. BD. OF SUP'RS OF LA. STATE UNIV. & AGRIC. & MECHANICAL COLLEGE green
lactapp · 1996
12004–2004
Maxwell v. Board of Trustees for State Colleges & Universities green
la · 1997
11999–1999
Maxwell v. Board of Trustees green
lactapp · 1997
11999–1999
Halphen v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp. green
la · 1986
11999–1999
Smith v. Roan green
lactapp · 1992
11998–1998
Verrett v. Cameron Telephone Co. green
la · 1982
11998–1998
Langlois v. Allied Chemical Corporation green
la · 1971
11997–1997
Celestine v. Union Oil Co. of California green
la · 1995
11997–1997
Pitre v. Government Employees Ins. Co. green
la · 1992
11992–1992
Smith v. American Indem. Ins. Co. green
lactapp · 1992
11992–1992

Statutes the citing opinions construe

LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 9:2800 (25) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 9:2800.6 (15) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 1 (6) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 13:5112 (5)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

LA 86 (1989–2026) TX 17 (1994–2019) IL 4 (1991–2008) GA 3 (1996–2020) NH 3 (1997–2005) MI 3 (1989–2001) KY 2 (2003–2023) WI 2 (2009–2021) MS 2 (1996–1999) NE 2 (2000–2001)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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