wrongful act violation in Georgia

2004That subsection provides that an employer is liable for its contractor's negligence "[i]f the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by express contract upon the employer." The rule is that if "a person contracts to do a certain thing, he cannot evade liability by employing another to do that which he has agreed to perform." (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Crispens Enterprise v. Halstead, 209 Ga.App. 133, 134 (2), 433 S.E.2d 353 (1993).

2004That subsection provides that an employer is liable for its contractor's negligence "[i]f the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by express contract upon the employer." The rule is that if "a person contracts to do a certain thing, he cannot evade liability by employing another to do that which he has agreed to perform." (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Crispens Enterprise v. Halstead, 209 Ga.App. 133, 134 (2), 433 S.E.2d 353 (1993).

1998OCGA § 51-2-5(4); Confetti Atlanta v. Gray, 202 Ga.App. 241, 244 (4), 414 S.E.2d 265 (1991). `An employer is liable for the negligence of a contractor... if the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by statute.' OCGA § 51-2-5(4)." Griffin v. AAA Auto Club South, 221 Ga.App. 1, 2 (1), 470 S.E.2d 474 (1996); accord Parking Co. of America v. Sucan, 195 Ga.App. 616, 617 (1), 394 S.E.2d 411 (1990); Towles v. Cox, 181 Ga.App. 194, 196 , 351 S.E.2d 718 (1986); Gerald v. Ameron Automotive Centers, 145 Ga.App. 200, 202 (2), 243 S.E.2d 565 (1978). "[K]nowledge and conduct of [Goodman Decoratin

1998OCGA § 51-2-5(4); Confetti Atlanta v. Gray, 202 Ga.App. 241, 244 (4), 414 S.E.2d 265 (1991). `An employer is liable for the negligence of a contractor... if the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by statute.' OCGA § 51-2-5(4)." Griffin v. AAA Auto Club South, 221 Ga.App. 1, 2 (1), 470 S.E.2d 474 (1996); accord Parking Co. of America v. Sucan, 195 Ga.App. 616, 617 (1), 394 S.E.2d 411 (1990); Towles v. Cox, 181 Ga.App. 194, 196 , 351 S.E.2d 718 (1986); Gerald v. Ameron Automotive Centers, 145 Ga.App. 200, 202 (2), 243 S.E.2d 565 (1978). "[K]nowledge and conduct of [Goodman Decoratin

1998OCGA § 51-2-5(4); Confetti Atlanta v. Gray, 202 Ga.App. 241, 244 (4), 414 S.E.2d 265 (1991). `An employer is liable for the negligence of a contractor... if the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by statute.' OCGA § 51-2-5(4)." Griffin v. AAA Auto Club South, 221 Ga.App. 1, 2 (1), 470 S.E.2d 474 (1996); accord Parking Co. of America v. Sucan, 195 Ga.App. 616, 617 (1), 394 S.E.2d 411 (1990); Towles v. Cox, 181 Ga.App. 194, 196 , 351 S.E.2d 718 (1986); Gerald v. Ameron Automotive Centers, 145 Ga.App. 200, 202 (2), 243 S.E.2d 565 (1978). "[K]nowledge and conduct of [Goodman Decoratin

1998OCGA § 51-2-5(4); Confetti Atlanta v. Gray, 202 Ga.App. 241, 244 (4), 414 S.E.2d 265 (1991). `An employer is liable for the negligence of a contractor... if the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by statute.' OCGA § 51-2-5(4)." Griffin v. AAA Auto Club South, 221 Ga.App. 1, 2 (1), 470 S.E.2d 474 (1996); accord Parking Co. of America v. Sucan, 195 Ga.App. 616, 617 (1), 394 S.E.2d 411 (1990); Towles v. Cox, 181 Ga.App. 194, 196 , 351 S.E.2d 718 (1986); Gerald v. Ameron Automotive Centers, 145 Ga.App. 200, 202 (2), 243 S.E.2d 565 (1978). "[K]nowledge and conduct of [Goodman Decoratin

1998OCGA § 51-2-5(4); Confetti Atlanta v. Gray, 202 Ga.App. 241, 244 (4), 414 S.E.2d 265 (1991). `An employer is liable for the negligence of a contractor... if the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by statute.' OCGA § 51-2-5(4)." Griffin v. AAA Auto Club South, 221 Ga.App. 1, 2 (1), 470 S.E.2d 474 (1996); accord Parking Co. of America v. Sucan, 195 Ga.App. 616, 617 (1), 394 S.E.2d 411 (1990); Towles v. Cox, 181 Ga.App. 194, 196 , 351 S.E.2d 718 (1986); Gerald v. Ameron Automotive Centers, 145 Ga.App. 200, 202 (2), 243 S.E.2d 565 (1978). "[K]nowledge and conduct of [Goodman Decoratin

1998OCGA § 51-2-5(4); Confetti Atlanta v. Gray, 202 Ga.App. 241, 244 (4), 414 S.E.2d 265 (1991). `An employer is liable for the negligence of a contractor... if the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by statute.' OCGA § 51-2-5(4)." Griffin v. AAA Auto Club South, 221 Ga.App. 1, 2 (1), 470 S.E.2d 474 (1996); accord Parking Co. of America v. Sucan, 195 Ga.App. 616, 617 (1), 394 S.E.2d 411 (1990); Towles v. Cox, 181 Ga.App. 194, 196 , 351 S.E.2d 718 (1986); Gerald v. Ameron Automotive Centers, 145 Ga.App. 200, 202 (2), 243 S.E.2d 565 (1978). "[K]nowledge and conduct of [Goodman Decoratin

1998OCGA § 51-2-5(4); Confetti Atlanta v. Gray, 202 Ga.App. 241, 244 (4), 414 S.E.2d 265 (1991). `An employer is liable for the negligence of a contractor... if the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by statute.' OCGA § 51-2-5(4)." Griffin v. AAA Auto Club South, 221 Ga.App. 1, 2 (1), 470 S.E.2d 474 (1996); accord Parking Co. of America v. Sucan, 195 Ga.App. 616, 617 (1), 394 S.E.2d 411 (1990); Towles v. Cox, 181 Ga.App. 194, 196 , 351 S.E.2d 718 (1986); Gerald v. Ameron Automotive Centers, 145 Ga.App. 200, 202 (2), 243 S.E.2d 565 (1978). "[K]nowledge and conduct of [Goodman Decoratin

1998OCGA § 51-2-5(4); Confetti Atlanta v. Gray, 202 Ga.App. 241, 244 (4), 414 S.E.2d 265 (1991). `An employer is liable for the negligence of a contractor... if the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by statute.' OCGA § 51-2-5(4)." Griffin v. AAA Auto Club South, 221 Ga.App. 1, 2 (1), 470 S.E.2d 474 (1996); accord Parking Co. of America v. Sucan, 195 Ga.App. 616, 617 (1), 394 S.E.2d 411 (1990); Towles v. Cox, 181 Ga.App. 194, 196 , 351 S.E.2d 718 (1986); Gerald v. Ameron Automotive Centers, 145 Ga.App. 200, 202 (2), 243 S.E.2d 565 (1978). "[K]nowledge and conduct of [Goodman Decoratin

1998OCGA § 51-2-5(4); Confetti Atlanta v. Gray, 202 Ga.App. 241, 244 (4), 414 S.E.2d 265 (1991). `An employer is liable for the negligence of a contractor... if the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by statute.' OCGA § 51-2-5(4)." Griffin v. AAA Auto Club South, 221 Ga.App. 1, 2 (1), 470 S.E.2d 474 (1996); accord Parking Co. of America v. Sucan, 195 Ga.App. 616, 617 (1), 394 S.E.2d 411 (1990); Towles v. Cox, 181 Ga.App. 194, 196 , 351 S.E.2d 718 (1986); Gerald v. Ameron Automotive Centers, 145 Ga.App. 200, 202 (2), 243 S.E.2d 565 (1978). "[K]nowledge and conduct of [Goodman Decoratin

1998OCGA § 51-2-5(4); Confetti Atlanta v. Gray, 202 Ga.App. 241, 244 (4), 414 S.E.2d 265 (1991). `An employer is liable for the negligence of a contractor... if the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by statute.' OCGA § 51-2-5(4)." Griffin v. AAA Auto Club South, 221 Ga.App. 1, 2 (1), 470 S.E.2d 474 (1996); accord Parking Co. of America v. Sucan, 195 Ga.App. 616, 617 (1), 394 S.E.2d 411 (1990); Towles v. Cox, 181 Ga.App. 194, 196 , 351 S.E.2d 718 (1986); Gerald v. Ameron Automotive Centers, 145 Ga.App. 200, 202 (2), 243 S.E.2d 565 (1978). "[K]nowledge and conduct of [Goodman Decoratin

2023Exceptions to this general rule are codified at OCGA § 51-2-5, including, relevant to this appeal, where “the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by express contract upon the employer[.]” (Emphasis supplied.) OCGA § 51-2-5 (3); see also Watkins, 284 Ga. App. at 549 .

2022Under this theory of recovery, however, “the contractual duties under which the employer would be liable for the acts of the independent contractor cannot be enforced by one not a party to the contract.” Kidd v. Dentsply Intl., 278 Ga. App. 346, 350 (2) ( 629 SE2d 58 ) (2006) (citation and punctuation omitted).

2022Under this theory of recovery, however, “the contractual duties under which the employer would be liable for the acts of the independent contractor cannot be enforced by one not a party to the contract.” Kidd v. Dentsply Intl., 278 Ga. App. 346, 350 (2) ( 629 SE2d 58 ) (2006) (citation and punctuation omitted).

2017“The exception applies only where the independent contractor has breached the statutory duty of the person employing the independent contractor.” Benson-Jones v. Sysco Food Svcs. of Atlanta, 287 Ga. App. 579, 583 (2) ( 651 SE2d 839 ) (2007) (citation omitted).

2017“The exception applies only where the independent contractor has breached the statutory duty of the person employing the independent contractor.” Benson-Jones v. Sysco Food Svcs. of Atlanta, 287 Ga. App. 579, 583 (2) ( 651 SE2d 839 ) (2007) (citation omitted).

2017See Chrysler Group, 339 Ga. App. at 745 (7) (abuse of discretion standard for motions in limine). 11 OCGA § 51-12-33 (a) applies when an action is brought against one or more persons and the plaintiff is to some degree responsible for the injury or damages.

2014For the reasons above, we agree and reverse the grant of summary judgment to Spalding on a negligence theory.7 With respect to Spalding’s liability under a premises liability theory, Smith “must plead and prove that: (1) the defendant had actual or constructive knowledge of the hazard; and (2) the plaintiff, despite exercising ordinary care for his or her own personal safety, lacked knowledge of the hazard due to the defendant’s actions or to 7 See OCGA § 51-2-5 (4) (“An employer is liable for the negligence of a contractor . . . [i]f the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by stat

2014For the reasons above, we agree and reverse the grant of summary judgment to Spalding on a negligence theory.7 With respect to Spalding’s liability under a premises liability theory, Smith “must plead and prove that: (1) the defendant had actual or constructive knowledge of the hazard; and (2) the plaintiff, despite exercising ordinary care for his or her own personal safety, lacked knowledge of the hazard due to the defendant’s actions or to 7 See OCGA § 51-2-5 (4) (“An employer is liable for the negligence of a contractor . . . [i]f the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by stat

2004OCGA § 51-2-5(4)." (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Johnson v. Clark, 233 Ga.App. 508, 510 , 504 S.E.2d 536 (1998).

2004OCGA § 51-2-5(4)." (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Johnson v. Clark, 233 Ga.App. 508, 510 , 504 S.E.2d 536 (1998).

1998OCGA § 51-2-5(4); Confetti Atlanta v. Gray, 202 Ga.App. 241, 244 (4), 414 S.E.2d 265 (1991). `An employer is liable for the negligence of a contractor... if the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by statute.' OCGA § 51-2-5(4)." Griffin v. AAA Auto Club South, 221 Ga.App. 1, 2 (1), 470 S.E.2d 474 (1996); accord Parking Co. of America v. Sucan, 195 Ga.App. 616, 617 (1), 394 S.E.2d 411 (1990); Towles v. Cox, 181 Ga.App. 194, 196 , 351 S.E.2d 718 (1986); Gerald v. Ameron Automotive Centers, 145 Ga.App. 200, 202 (2), 243 S.E.2d 565 (1978). "[K]nowledge and conduct of [Goodman Decoratin

1998OCGA § 51-2-5(4); Confetti Atlanta v. Gray, 202 Ga.App. 241, 244 (4), 414 S.E.2d 265 (1991). `An employer is liable for the negligence of a contractor... if the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by statute.' OCGA § 51-2-5(4)." Griffin v. AAA Auto Club South, 221 Ga.App. 1, 2 (1), 470 S.E.2d 474 (1996); accord Parking Co. of America v. Sucan, 195 Ga.App. 616, 617 (1), 394 S.E.2d 411 (1990); Towles v. Cox, 181 Ga.App. 194, 196 , 351 S.E.2d 718 (1986); Gerald v. Ameron Automotive Centers, 145 Ga.App. 200, 202 (2), 243 S.E.2d 565 (1978). "[K]nowledge and conduct of [Goodman Decoratin

1998OCGA § 51-2-5(4); Confetti Atlanta v. Gray, 202 Ga.App. 241, 244 (4), 414 S.E.2d 265 (1991). `An employer is liable for the negligence of a contractor... if the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by statute.' OCGA § 51-2-5(4)." Griffin v. AAA Auto Club South, 221 Ga.App. 1, 2 (1), 470 S.E.2d 474 (1996); accord Parking Co. of America v. Sucan, 195 Ga.App. 616, 617 (1), 394 S.E.2d 411 (1990); Towles v. Cox, 181 Ga.App. 194, 196 , 351 S.E.2d 718 (1986); Gerald v. Ameron Automotive Centers, 145 Ga.App. 200, 202 (2), 243 S.E.2d 565 (1978). "[K]nowledge and conduct of [Goodman Decoratin

1998OCGA § 51-2-5(4); Confetti Atlanta v. Gray, 202 Ga.App. 241, 244 (4), 414 S.E.2d 265 (1991). `An employer is liable for the negligence of a contractor... if the wrongful act is the violation of a duty imposed by statute.' OCGA § 51-2-5(4)." Griffin v. AAA Auto Club South, 221 Ga.App. 1, 2 (1), 470 S.E.2d 474 (1996); accord Parking Co. of America v. Sucan, 195 Ga.App. 616, 617 (1), 394 S.E.2d 411 (1990); Towles v. Cox, 181 Ga.App. 194, 196 , 351 S.E.2d 718 (1986); Gerald v. Ameron Automotive Centers, 145 Ga.App. 200, 202 (2), 243 S.E.2d 565 (1978). "[K]nowledge and conduct of [Goodman Decoratin

1996Despite this duty to keep its premises safe, “generally an intervening criminal act by a third party insulates a proprietor from liability, but even an independent criminal act could render the proprietor liable ‘if the defendant (original wrongdoer) had reasonable grounds for apprehending that such criminal act would be committed’ or is ‘reasonably to be anticipated.’ ” Clark v. Carla Gay Dress Co., 178 Ga. App. 157, 161 ( 342 SE2d 468 ) (1986).

1996Despite this duty to keep its premises safe, “generally an intervening criminal act by a third party insulates a proprietor from liability, but even an independent criminal act could render the proprietor liable ‘if the defendant (original wrongdoer) had reasonable grounds for apprehending that such criminal act would be committed’ or is ‘reasonably to be anticipated.’ ” Clark v. Carla Gay Dress Co., 178 Ga. App. 157, 161 ( 342 SE2d 468 ) (1986).