question of sovereign immunity in Florida

10 Florida opinions name it 1 courts 1961–2021 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Florida courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (6)

Case	Followed	Cited
Pollock v. Florida Dept. of Highway Patrolgreen fla · 2004 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006 1 sentence 2006Pollock, 882 So.2d at 932-33, 938 (stating that clarification of the law on sovereign tort immunity was necessary because of the language in this court's opinion in Florida Department of Highway Patrol v. Pollock, 745 So.2d 446 (Fla. 3d DCA 1999), that the government's actions were not operational in nature and, therefore, no special duty was owed to the plaintiffs).	1	1
Henderson v. Bowdengreen fla · 1999 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003 1 sentence 2003See Henderson v. Bowden, 737 So.2d 532, 535 (Fla.1999) (reiterating that the question of sovereign immunity does not arise until it is determined that the defendant owes a duty of care to the plaintiff); Kaisner v. Kolb, 543 So.2d 732, 734 (Fla.1989) (same).	1	1
Kaisner v. Kolbgreen fla · 1989 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003 1 sentence 2003See Henderson v. Bowden, 737 So.2d 532, 535 (Fla.1999) (reiterating that the question of sovereign immunity does not arise until it is determined that the defendant owes a duty of care to the plaintiff); Kaisner v. Kolb, 543 So.2d 732, 734 (Fla.1989) (same).	1	1
George v. Hitek Community Control Corporationgreen fladistctapp · 1994 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997 1 sentence 1997It is only "when a duty of care exists does the essential inquiry turn to the question of sovereign immunity." George v. Hitek Community Control Corp., 639 So.2d 661, 663 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994).	1	1
Evangelical United Brethren Church v. Stategreen wash · 1965 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994 2 sentences 1994In other words, only when a duty of care exists does the essential inquiry turn to the question of sovereign immunity and the four point operational/planning test developed in Evangelical United Brethren Church v. State, 67 Wash.2d 246 , 407 P.2d 440, 445 (1965) and adopted as the law of Florida in Commercial Carrier v. Indian River County, 371 So.2d 1010 (Fla. 1979). 1994In other words, only when a duty of care exists does the essential inquiry turn to the question of sovereign immunity and the four point operational/planning test developed in Evangelical United Brethren Church v. State, 67 Wash.2d 246 , 407 P.2d 440, 445 (1965) and adopted as the law of Florida in Commercial Carrier v. Indian River County, 371 So.2d 1010 (Fla. 1979).	1	1
Harris and Company Advertising, Inc. v. Republic of Cubagreen fladistctapp · 1961 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1961–1961 1 sentence 1961See Harris & Company Advertising, Inc. v. Republic of Cuba, Fla.App. 1961, 127 So.2d 687 ; National City Bank of New York v. Republic of China, 348 U.S. 356 , 75 S.Ct. 423 , 99 L.Ed. 389 ; The Navemar, 303 U.S. 68 , 58 S.Ct. 432 , 82 L.Ed. 667 ; The Pesaro, 255 U.S. 216 , 41 S.Ct. 308 , 65 L.Ed. 592 ; Ex parte Muir, 254 U.S. 522 , 41 S.Ct. 185 , 65 L.Ed. 383 ; and United States v. Lee, 106 U.S. 196 , 1 S.Ct. 240 , 27 L.Ed. 171 .	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Florida. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (12)

Case	Cited	Years
Banco Nacional De Cuba v. Steckel green fladistctapp · 1961 2 sentences 1963Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Steckel, Fla.App. 1961, 134 So.2d 23 . 1962See: Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Steckel, Fla. App. 1961, 134 So.2d 23 , and cases cited therein.	2	1962–1963
Citizens Property Insurance Corp. v. San Perdido Ass'n green fla · 2012 1 sentence 2021Id. at 351 .	1	2021–2021
Francis v. School Board of Palm Beach County green fladistctapp · 2010 1 sentence 2016The reason no duty was owed is that, as the Fourth District held in Francis, 29 So.3d at 444 , the “school board does not have custody or control over students while they are en route to their bus stops” and thus “the school board does not have any duty to its students during this time.” 3 Because Davis was not on the bus or within the custody or control of the School Board (or its employees) at the time of the accident, there was no duty of care owed by the School Board to Davis.	1	2016–2016
STATE, DEPT. OF HIGHWAY PATROL v. Pollack green fladistctapp · 1999 1 sentence 2006Pollock, 882 So.2d at 932-33, 938 (stating that clarification of the law on sovereign tort immunity was necessary because of the language in this court's opinion in Florida Department of Highway Patrol v. Pollock, 745 So.2d 446 (Fla. 3d DCA 1999), that the government's actions were not operational in nature and, therefore, no special duty was owed to the plaintiffs).	1	2006–2006
Commercial Carrier Corp. v. Indian River Cty. green fla · 1979 1 sentence 1994In other words, only when a duty of care exists does the essential inquiry turn to the question of sovereign immunity and the four point operational/planning test developed in Evangelical United Brethren Church v. State, 67 Wash.2d 246 , 407 P.2d 440, 445 (1965) and adopted as the law of Florida in Commercial Carrier v. Indian River County, 371 So.2d 1010 (Fla. 1979).	1	1994–1994
Charles Dowd Box Co. v. Courtney green scotus · 1962 2 sentences 1985Mr. Justice Stewart, writing for the United States Supreme Court in Dowd Box Co. v. Courtney, 368 U.S. 502, 508 , 82 S.Ct. 519, 523 , 7 L.Ed.2d 483 (1962), observed that exclusive federal jurisdiction over cases arising under federal law has been the exception rather than the rule: We start with the premise that nothing in the concept of our federal system prevents state courts from enforcing rights created by federal law. 1985Mr. Justice Stewart, writing for the United States Supreme Court in Dowd Box Co. v. Courtney, 368 U.S. 502, 508 , 82 S.Ct. 519, 523 , 7 L.Ed.2d 483 (1962), observed that exclusive federal jurisdiction over cases arising under federal law has been the exception rather than the rule: We start with the premise that nothing in the concept of our federal system prevents state courts from enforcing rights created by federal law.	1	1985–1985
City of Cave Spring v. Mason green ga · 1984 2 sentences 1985The Supreme Court of Georgia, in City of Cave Spring v. Mason, 252 Ga. 3 , 310 S.E.2d 892 (1984), held that the cause of action created by section 1983 is cognizable in Georgia, but the case is intertwined with the question of sovereign immunity. 1985The Supreme Court of Georgia, in City of Cave Spring v. Mason, 252 Ga. 3 , 310 S.E.2d 892 (1984), held that the cause of action created by section 1983 is cognizable in Georgia, but the case is intertwined with the question of sovereign immunity.	1	1985–1985
United States v. Lee green scotus · 1882 2 sentences 1961See Harris & Company Advertising, Inc. v. Republic of Cuba, Fla.App. 1961, 127 So.2d 687 ; National City Bank of New York v. Republic of China, 348 U.S. 356 , 75 S.Ct. 423 , 99 L.Ed. 389 ; The Navemar, 303 U.S. 68 , 58 S.Ct. 432 , 82 L.Ed. 667 ; The Pesaro, 255 U.S. 216 , 41 S.Ct. 308 , 65 L.Ed. 592 ; Ex parte Muir, 254 U.S. 522 , 41 S.Ct. 185 , 65 L.Ed. 383 ; and United States v. Lee, 106 U.S. 196 , 1 S.Ct. 240 , 27 L.Ed. 171 . 1961See Harris & Company Advertising, Inc. v. Republic of Cuba, Fla.App. 1961, 127 So.2d 687 ; National City Bank of New York v. Republic of China, 348 U.S. 356 , 75 S.Ct. 423 , 99 L.Ed. 389 ; The Navemar, 303 U.S. 68 , 58 S.Ct. 432 , 82 L.Ed. 667 ; The Pesaro, 255 U.S. 216 , 41 S.Ct. 308 , 65 L.Ed. 592 ; Ex parte Muir, 254 U.S. 522 , 41 S.Ct. 185 , 65 L.Ed. 383 ; and United States v. Lee, 106 U.S. 196 , 1 S.Ct. 240 , 27 L.Ed. 171 .	1	1961–1961
The Pesaro green scotus · 1921 2 sentences 1961See Harris & Company Advertising, Inc. v. Republic of Cuba, Fla.App. 1961, 127 So.2d 687 ; National City Bank of New York v. Republic of China, 348 U.S. 356 , 75 S.Ct. 423 , 99 L.Ed. 389 ; The Navemar, 303 U.S. 68 , 58 S.Ct. 432 , 82 L.Ed. 667 ; The Pesaro, 255 U.S. 216 , 41 S.Ct. 308 , 65 L.Ed. 592 ; Ex parte Muir, 254 U.S. 522 , 41 S.Ct. 185 , 65 L.Ed. 383 ; and United States v. Lee, 106 U.S. 196 , 1 S.Ct. 240 , 27 L.Ed. 171 . 1961See Harris & Company Advertising, Inc. v. Republic of Cuba, Fla.App. 1961, 127 So.2d 687 ; National City Bank of New York v. Republic of China, 348 U.S. 356 , 75 S.Ct. 423 , 99 L.Ed. 389 ; The Navemar, 303 U.S. 68 , 58 S.Ct. 432 , 82 L.Ed. 667 ; The Pesaro, 255 U.S. 216 , 41 S.Ct. 308 , 65 L.Ed. 592 ; Ex parte Muir, 254 U.S. 522 , 41 S.Ct. 185 , 65 L.Ed. 383 ; and United States v. Lee, 106 U.S. 196 , 1 S.Ct. 240 , 27 L.Ed. 171 .	1	1961–1961
Ex Parte Muir green scotus · 1921 2 sentences 1961See Harris & Company Advertising, Inc. v. Republic of Cuba, Fla.App. 1961, 127 So.2d 687 ; National City Bank of New York v. Republic of China, 348 U.S. 356 , 75 S.Ct. 423 , 99 L.Ed. 389 ; The Navemar, 303 U.S. 68 , 58 S.Ct. 432 , 82 L.Ed. 667 ; The Pesaro, 255 U.S. 216 , 41 S.Ct. 308 , 65 L.Ed. 592 ; Ex parte Muir, 254 U.S. 522 , 41 S.Ct. 185 , 65 L.Ed. 383 ; and United States v. Lee, 106 U.S. 196 , 1 S.Ct. 240 , 27 L.Ed. 171 . 1961See Harris & Company Advertising, Inc. v. Republic of Cuba, Fla.App. 1961, 127 So.2d 687 ; National City Bank of New York v. Republic of China, 348 U.S. 356 , 75 S.Ct. 423 , 99 L.Ed. 389 ; The Navemar, 303 U.S. 68 , 58 S.Ct. 432 , 82 L.Ed. 667 ; The Pesaro, 255 U.S. 216 , 41 S.Ct. 308 , 65 L.Ed. 592 ; Ex parte Muir, 254 U.S. 522 , 41 S.Ct. 185 , 65 L.Ed. 383 ; and United States v. Lee, 106 U.S. 196 , 1 S.Ct. 240 , 27 L.Ed. 171 .	1	1961–1961
Compania Espanola De Navegacion Maritima, SA v. the Navemar green scotus · 1938 2 sentences 1961See Harris & Company Advertising, Inc. v. Republic of Cuba, Fla.App. 1961, 127 So.2d 687 ; National City Bank of New York v. Republic of China, 348 U.S. 356 , 75 S.Ct. 423 , 99 L.Ed. 389 ; The Navemar, 303 U.S. 68 , 58 S.Ct. 432 , 82 L.Ed. 667 ; The Pesaro, 255 U.S. 216 , 41 S.Ct. 308 , 65 L.Ed. 592 ; Ex parte Muir, 254 U.S. 522 , 41 S.Ct. 185 , 65 L.Ed. 383 ; and United States v. Lee, 106 U.S. 196 , 1 S.Ct. 240 , 27 L.Ed. 171 . 1961See Harris & Company Advertising, Inc. v. Republic of Cuba, Fla.App. 1961, 127 So.2d 687 ; National City Bank of New York v. Republic of China, 348 U.S. 356 , 75 S.Ct. 423 , 99 L.Ed. 389 ; The Navemar, 303 U.S. 68 , 58 S.Ct. 432 , 82 L.Ed. 667 ; The Pesaro, 255 U.S. 216 , 41 S.Ct. 308 , 65 L.Ed. 592 ; Ex parte Muir, 254 U.S. 522 , 41 S.Ct. 185 , 65 L.Ed. 383 ; and United States v. Lee, 106 U.S. 196 , 1 S.Ct. 240 , 27 L.Ed. 171 .	1	1961–1961
National City Bank of NY v. Republic of China green scotus · 1955 2 sentences 1961See Harris & Company Advertising, Inc. v. Republic of Cuba, Fla.App. 1961, 127 So.2d 687 ; National City Bank of New York v. Republic of China, 348 U.S. 356 , 75 S.Ct. 423 , 99 L.Ed. 389 ; The Navemar, 303 U.S. 68 , 58 S.Ct. 432 , 82 L.Ed. 667 ; The Pesaro, 255 U.S. 216 , 41 S.Ct. 308 , 65 L.Ed. 592 ; Ex parte Muir, 254 U.S. 522 , 41 S.Ct. 185 , 65 L.Ed. 383 ; and United States v. Lee, 106 U.S. 196 , 1 S.Ct. 240 , 27 L.Ed. 171 . 1961See Harris & Company Advertising, Inc. v. Republic of Cuba, Fla.App. 1961, 127 So.2d 687 ; National City Bank of New York v. Republic of China, 348 U.S. 356 , 75 S.Ct. 423 , 99 L.Ed. 389 ; The Navemar, 303 U.S. 68 , 58 S.Ct. 432 , 82 L.Ed. 667 ; The Pesaro, 255 U.S. 216 , 41 S.Ct. 308 , 65 L.Ed. 592 ; Ex parte Muir, 254 U.S. 522 , 41 S.Ct. 185 , 65 L.Ed. 383 ; and United States v. Lee, 106 U.S. 196 , 1 S.Ct. 240 , 27 L.Ed. 171 .	1	1961–1961

Statutes the citing opinions construe

FL § 768.28 (5) USC § 42u.s.c.1983 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

GA 12 (1978–2025) FL 10 (1961–2021) NV 5 (2018–2018) CO 5 (2006–2026) NC 4 (1993–2016) NE 4 (2022–2026) AL 4 (1969–2006) VA 4 (2001–2024) NY 4 (1988–2025) MS 3 (1984–2011) CT 3 (1966–1991) KY 3 (1980–2024) DE 2 (1979–1995) TN 2 (1984–2025) MA 2 (2014–2015) UT 2 (1960–1989) AK 2 (1988–2017) IN 2 (1971–1987) MO 2 (1988–2004) WY 2 (1977–1979)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

← Caselaw search · G Cite Topics · Brief Check