conducting hearing (Pennsylvania) · Go Syfert
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conducting hearing in Pennsylvania

9 Pennsylvania opinions name it 3 courts 1950–2015 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Pennsylvania courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (6)

CaseFollowedCited
Patti's Estategreen
pasuperct · 1938 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1950–1957
2 sentences

1950The rule is firmly established that the judge of the orphans’ court conducting the hearing on an appeal for the granting of an issue d.v.n. is not to constitute himself the jury, that is, to decide the case as he would if acting in the capacity of an ultimate fact-finding tribunal; his function is to determine whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence:

1950The rule is firmly established that the judge of the orphans’ court conducting the hearing on an appeal for the granting of an issue d.v.n. is not to constitute himself the jury, that is, to decide the case as he would if acting in the capacity of an ultimate fact-finding tribunal; his function is to determine whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence:

22
Molden Willgreen
pa · 1957 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1957–1960
2 sentences

1960The rule is firmly established that the judge of the orphans’ court conducting the hearing on an appeal for the granting of an issue d.v.n. is not to constitute himself the jury, that is, to decide the case as he would if acting in the capacity of an ultimate fact-finding tribunal; his function is to determine whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact . . .”: Lewis Estate, 364 Pa. 225, 232 ; Molden Will, 387 Pa. 484, 501 ; Kerr v. O’Donovan, 389 Pa. 614, 621 .

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

12
McCreesh v. City of Philadelphiagreen
pa · 2004 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
1 sentence

2007Id. at 225 (quoting Dambacher by Dambacher v. Mallis, 336 Pa.Super. 22 , 485 A.2d 408 , 423 n. 5 (1984), abrogated on unrelated grounds as recognized by Moroney v. General Motors Corp., 850 A.2d 629, 634-35 (Pa.Super.2004)).

11
Sturgeon Willgreen
pa · 1947 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1957–1957
2 sentences

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

11
Dugacki Willgreen
pa · 1947 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1950–1950
2 sentences

1950A decedent possesses testamentary capacity only if he has a full and intelligent knowledge of the act in which he is engaged and of the property he posseses, together with an intelligent perception and understanding of the disposition he wishes to make of his property and of the persons and objects he desires to participate in his bounty: Ash Will, 351 Pa. 317, 321, 322 , 41 A. 2d 620, 622 ; Dugacki Will, 356 Pa. 143, 148, 149 , 51 A. 2d 627, 630 ; Patti’s Estate, 133 Pa. Superior Ct. 81, 90, 91 , 1 A. 2d 791, 796 .

1950A decedent possesses testamentary capacity only if he has a full and intelligent knowledge of the act in which he is engaged and of the property he posseses, together with an intelligent perception and understanding of the disposition he wishes to make of his property and of the persons and objects he desires to participate in his bounty: Ash Will, 351 Pa. 317, 321, 322 , 41 A. 2d 620, 622 ; Dugacki Will, 356 Pa. 143, 148, 149 , 51 A. 2d 627, 630 ; Patti’s Estate, 133 Pa. Superior Ct. 81, 90, 91 , 1 A. 2d 791, 796 .

11
Ash Willgreen
pa · 1944 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1950–1950
2 sentences

1950A decedent possesses testamentary capacity only if he has a full and intelligent knowledge of the act in which he is engaged and of the property he posseses, together with an intelligent perception and understanding of the disposition he wishes to make of his property and of the persons and objects he desires to participate in his bounty: Ash Will, 351 Pa. 317, 321, 322 , 41 A. 2d 620, 622 ; Dugacki Will, 356 Pa. 143, 148, 149 , 51 A. 2d 627, 630 ; Patti’s Estate, 133 Pa. Superior Ct. 81, 90, 91 , 1 A. 2d 791, 796 .

1950A decedent possesses testamentary capacity only if he has a full and intelligent knowledge of the act in which he is engaged and of the property he posseses, together with an intelligent perception and understanding of the disposition he wishes to make of his property and of the persons and objects he desires to participate in his bounty: Ash Will, 351 Pa. 317, 321, 322 , 41 A. 2d 620, 622 ; Dugacki Will, 356 Pa. 143, 148, 149 , 51 A. 2d 627, 630 ; Patti’s Estate, 133 Pa. Superior Ct. 81, 90, 91 , 1 A. 2d 791, 796 .

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Pennsylvania. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (17)

CaseCitedYears
Lewis Will green
pa · 1950
2 sentences

1960The rule is firmly established that the judge of the orphans’ court conducting the hearing on an appeal for the granting of an issue d.v.n. is not to constitute himself the jury, that is, to decide the case as he would if acting in the capacity of an ultimate fact-finding tribunal; his function is to determine whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact . . .”: Lewis Estate, 364 Pa. 225, 232 ; Molden Will, 387 Pa. 484, 501 ; Kerr v. O’Donovan, 389 Pa. 614, 621 .

1953“The rule is firmly established that the judge of the orphans’ court conducting the hearing on an appeal for the granting of an issue d.v.n. is not to constitute himself the jury, that is, to decide the case as he would if acting in the capacity of an ultimate factfinding tribunal; his function is to determine whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence”:

31952–1960
Delaurentiis's Estate green
pa · 1936
2 sentences

1960His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence”: DeLaurentiis’ Estate, 323 Pa. 70, 79 , (1936).

1950The rule is firmly established that the judge of the orphans’ court conducting the hearing on an appeal for the granting of an issue d.v.n. is not to constitute himself the jury, that is, to decide the case as he would if acting in the capacity of an ultimate fact-finding tribunal; his function is to determine whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence:

21950–1960
In re Application to Restore Firearms Rights of Keyes green
pasuperct · 2013
1 sentence

2015Did the Lower Court err in finding the case of In re Keyes, 83 A.3d 1016, 1024 , prevented the Court from conducting a hearing on Appellant’s Petition to Expunge the 302 under 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6111.1(g)(2) even though appellant's involuntary commitment was outpatient, while Keyes involved an inpatient commitment, and both 50 P.S. § 7303 and 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6105(c)(4) preclude firearm possession only to those persons involuntarily committed to a mental institution for inpatient care and treatment under §§ 302, 303 or 304 of the Pennsylvania Mental Health Act?

12015–2015
Riley v. Warren Manufacturing, Inc. green
pasuperct · 1997
1 sentence

2007Id. at 225 (quoting Dambacher by Dambacher v. Mallis, 336 Pa.Super. 22 , 485 A.2d 408 , 423 n. 5 (1984), abrogated on unrelated grounds as recognized by Moroney v. General Motors Corp., 850 A.2d 629, 634-35 (Pa.Super.2004)).

12007–2007
Dambacher by Dambacher v. Mallis green
pa · 1985
2 sentences

2007Id. at 225 (quoting Dambacher by Dambacher v. Mallis, 336 Pa.Super. 22 , 485 A.2d 408 , 423 n. 5 (1984), abrogated on unrelated grounds as recognized by Moroney v. General Motors Corp., 850 A.2d 629, 634-35 (Pa.Super.2004)).

2007Id. at 225 (quoting Dambacher by Dambacher v. Mallis, 336 Pa.Super. 22 , 485 A.2d 408 , 423 n. 5 (1984), abrogated on unrelated grounds as recognized by Moroney v. General Motors Corp., 850 A.2d 629, 634-35 (Pa.Super.2004)).

12007–2007
Morgan Trailer Mfg. Co. v. Hydraroll, Ltd. green
pasuperct · 2000
1 sentence

2002As noted in Morgan I, “[i]t is the rare preliminary injunction that can correctly be denied without a hearing.” 759 A.2d at 932 ; see also Pa.R.Civ.P. 1531(a)(“A court shall issue a preliminary or special injunction only after written notice and hearing unless ... irreparable injury will be sustained before notice can be given or a hearing held ....”) The criteria looked at in assessing whether to grant an injunction has been oft-stated; namely: 1) is the injunction necessary to prevent immediate and irreparable harm not compensable by damages; 2) would greater harm result from denying the inj

12002–2002
Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City green
scotus · 1978
1 sentence

1996Two important factors identified by the Court in conducting this inquiry are “[t]he economic impact of the regulation on the claimant and, particularly, the extent to which the regulation has interfered with distinct investment-backed expectations.... ” Id.

11996–1996
Kerr v. O'Donovan green
pa · 1957
1 sentence

1960The rule is firmly established that the judge of the orphans’ court conducting the hearing on an appeal for the granting of an issue d.v.n. is not to constitute himself the jury, that is, to decide the case as he would if acting in the capacity of an ultimate fact-finding tribunal; his function is to determine whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact . . .”: Lewis Estate, 364 Pa. 225, 232 ; Molden Will, 387 Pa. 484, 501 ; Kerr v. O’Donovan, 389 Pa. 614, 621 .

11960–1960
Higbee Will green
pa · 1950
2 sentences

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

11957–1957
Porter's Estate green
pa · 1941
2 sentences

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

11957–1957
Kline's Estate green
pa · 1936
2 sentences

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

11957–1957
DeSilver v. Pennsylvania Trust Co. neutral
pa · 1941
2 sentences

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

11957–1957
Young Estate green
pa · 1943
2 sentences

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

11957–1957
Hunter's Estate green
· 1937
2 sentences

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

11957–1957
Noble's Estate green
pa · 1940
2 sentences

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

1957His function is to decide whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence. . . .’We have repeatedly reaffirmed this principle: Kline’s Estate, 322 Pa. 374, 378 , 186 A. 364 ; Hunter’s Estate, 328 Pa. 484, 492 , 196 A. 35 ; Noble’s Estate, 338 Pa. 490, 492 , 13 A. 2d 422 ; Porter’s Estate, 341 Pa. 476, 482 , 19 A. 2d 731 ; De Silver, Admrs., v. Pa. Trust Co.,

11957–1957
O'Malley Will green
pa · 1952
2 sentences

1953“The rule is firmly established that the judge of the orphans’ court conducting the hearing on an appeal for the granting of an issue d.v.n. is not to constitute himself the jury, that is, to decide the case as he would if acting in the capacity of an ultimate factfinding tribunal; his function is to determine whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence”:

1953“The rule is firmly established that the judge of the orphans’ court conducting the hearing on an appeal for the granting of an issue d.v.n. is not to constitute himself the jury, that is, to decide the case as he would if acting in the capacity of an ultimate factfinding tribunal; his function is to determine whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence”:

11953–1953
Lare Will green
pa · 1944
2 sentences

1950The rule is firmly established that the judge of the orphans’ court conducting the hearing on an appeal for the granting of an issue d.v.n. is not to constitute himself the jury, that is, to decide the case as he would if acting in the capacity of an ultimate fact-finding tribunal; his function is to determine whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence:

1950The rule is firmly established that the judge of the orphans’ court conducting the hearing on an appeal for the granting of an issue d.v.n. is not to constitute himself the jury, that is, to decide the case as he would if acting in the capacity of an ultimate fact-finding tribunal; his function is to determine whether there is a substantial dispute upon a material matter of fact, and such a dispute exists if a verdict that might be reached by a jury, even if at variance with his own opinion, would not have to be set aside as judicially untenable because contrary to the weight of the evidence:

11950–1950

Where else courts name it

NY 12 (1985–2025) OH 11 (1998–2022) PA 9 (1950–2015) TX 9 (1982–2026) LA 8 (1954–1992) IL 7 (1966–2022) CA 6 (1935–2023) NJ 3 (1964–2024) ME 3 (2001–2017) KS 2 (2019–2019) MI 2 (2000–2011) FL 2 (1977–2002) NM 2 (1968–2003)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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