deliberative process privilege in West Virginia

7 West Virginia opinions name it 1 courts 1996–2022 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by West Virginia courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (14)

Case	Followed	Cited
Daily Gazette Co. v. West Virginia Development Officegreen wva · 1996 · cited in 2 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2015–2018 2 sentences 2018Va. 563, 572 , 482 S.E.2d 180, 189 (1996)(“The deliberative process privilege has been applied to exempt from disclosure written internal government communications, such as opinions and recommendations, which reflect an agency’s deliberative or decision-making processes.”)(internal citation omitted). 2015See Daily Gazette I, 198 W.Va. at 572 , 482 S.E.2d at 189 (stating that “in the spirit of further promoting frank and open discussions during an agency’s deliberative process, courts have interpreted the deliberative process privilege to include opinions and recommendations to a governmental agency by outside consultants and experts so long as such opinions or recommendations are obtained during the government agency’s deliberative, predecisional process”).	2	2
Redland Soccer Club, Inc. v. Department of the Army of the United Statesgreen ca3 · 1995 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000 1 sentence 2000See, e.g., Redland Soccer Club, Inc. v. Department of the Army of the United States, 55 F.3d 827 (3d Cir.1995); In re Grand Jury, 821 F.2d 946 (3d Cir.1987), cert. denied sub nom., Colafella v. United States, 484 U.S. 1025 , 108 S.Ct. 749 , 98 L.Ed.2d 762 , (1988); NLRB v. Sears Roebuck & Co., 421 U.S. 132 , 95 S.Ct. 1504 , 44 L.Ed.2d 29 (1975); see also, Kirk D.	1	1
Donald Plummer v. Springfield Terminal Railway Companygreen ca1 · 1993 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 1 sentence 1996See 5 F.3d at 4 .	1	1
Ethyl Corporation v. United States Environmental Protection Agencygreen ca4 · 1994 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 1 sentence 1996Ethyl Corp., 25 F.3d at 1248-49 (citation omitted).	1	1
cluster 372852green ca9 · 1980 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 1 sentence 1996See Church of Scientology v. U.S. Dept. of the Army, 611 F.2d 738, 742 (9th Cir.1979).	1	1
Arthur Andersen & Co. v. Internal Revenue Servicegreen cadc · 1982 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 2 sentences 1996See Arthur Andersen, 679 F.2d at 257 (The deliberative process privilege covers “ ‘ “all papers which reflect the agency’s group thinking in the process of working out its policy and determining what its law shall be.”’” (citations omitted)); Doe, 721 P.2d at 624 (The deliberative process privilege clearly protects “ ‘advisory communications, from a subordinate to a government officer’ ” as well as “ ‘deliberative communications between officials and those who assist them in formulating ... governmental action.’ ” (citation omitted and emphasis provided)). 1996Instead, the agency must specifically assert the deliberative process privilege for every document it seeks to protect, Mead Data Cent., 566 F.2d at 251; Arthur Andersen, 679 F.2d at 258 ; Mobil Oil Corp. v. Dept. of Energy, 102 F.R.D. 1, 6, 8-9 (N.D.N.Y.1983), without providing information so detailed that it compromises the privilege claimed.	1	1
Doe v. Alaska Superior Court, Third Judicial Districtgreen alaska · 1986 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 1 sentence 1996See Arthur Andersen, 679 F.2d at 257 (The deliberative process privilege covers “ ‘ “all papers which reflect the agency’s group thinking in the process of working out its policy and determining what its law shall be.”’” (citations omitted)); Doe, 721 P.2d at 624 (The deliberative process privilege clearly protects “ ‘advisory communications, from a subordinate to a government officer’ ” as well as “ ‘deliberative communications between officials and those who assist them in formulating ... governmental action.’ ” (citation omitted and emphasis provided)).	1	1
Dow Jones & Company, Inc. v. Department of Justicegreen cadc · 1990 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 1 sentence 1996See Wu v. National Endowment for Humanities, 460 F.2d 1030, 1032 (5th Cir.1972), cert. denied, 410 U.S. 926 , 93 S.Ct. 1352 , 35 L.Ed.2d 586 (1973); Soucie, 448 F.2d at 1078 n. 44 (“The government may have a special need for the opinions and recommendations of temporary consultants and those individuals should be able to give their judgments freely without fear of publicity.”). 17 See also Brush Wellman, Inc. v. *573 Dept. of Labor, 500 F.Supp. 519, 522 (N.D.Ohio 1980); Dow Jones & Co. v. Dept. of Justice, 917 F.2d 571, 574-75 (D.C.Cir.1990).	1	1
Environmental Protection Agency v. Minkred scotus · 1973 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 2 sentences 1996See Ogden Newspapers, supra; EPA v. Mink, 410 U.S. 73, 87-88 , 93 S.Ct. 827, 836 , 35 L.Ed.2d 119, 132 (1973); Mead Data Cent., 566 F.2d at 256. 1996See Ogden Newspapers, supra; EPA v. Mink, 410 U.S. 73, 87-88 , 93 S.Ct. 827, 836 , 35 L.Ed.2d 119, 132 (1973); Mead Data Cent., 566 F.2d at 256.	1	1
Brush Wellman, Inc. v. Department of Laborgreen ohnd · 1980 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 1 sentence 1996See Wu v. National Endowment for Humanities, 460 F.2d 1030, 1032 (5th Cir.1972), cert. denied, 410 U.S. 926 , 93 S.Ct. 1352 , 35 L.Ed.2d 586 (1973); Soucie, 448 F.2d at 1078 n. 44 (“The government may have a special need for the opinions and recommendations of temporary consultants and those individuals should be able to give their judgments freely without fear of publicity.”). 17 See also Brush Wellman, Inc. v. *573 Dept. of Labor, 500 F.Supp. 519, 522 (N.D.Ohio 1980); Dow Jones & Co. v. Dept. of Justice, 917 F.2d 571, 574-75 (D.C.Cir.1990).	1	1
K. C. Wu v. National Endowment for Humanities and Wallace B. Edgerton, as Acting Chairman for the National Endowment for the Humanitiesgreen ca5 · 1972 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 1 sentence 1996See Wu v. National Endowment for Humanities, 460 F.2d 1030, 1032 (5th Cir.1972), cert. denied, 410 U.S. 926 , 93 S.Ct. 1352 , 35 L.Ed.2d 586 (1973); Soucie, 448 F.2d at 1078 n. 44 (“The government may have a special need for the opinions and recommendations of temporary consultants and those individuals should be able to give their judgments freely without fear of publicity.”). 17 See also Brush Wellman, Inc. v. *573 Dept. of Labor, 500 F.Supp. 519, 522 (N.D.Ohio 1980); Dow Jones & Co. v. Dept. of Justice, 917 F.2d 571, 574-75 (D.C.Cir.1990).	1	1
Guy v. Judicial Nominating Commissiongreen delsuperct · 1995 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 2 sentences 1996See Guy v. Judicial Nominating Com’n, 659 A.2d 777, 781 (Del.Ct.App.1995). 1996Moreover, the deliberative process privilege "is a tripartite privilege because it exists for the legislative and judicial branches of government as well as for the executive.” Guy v. Judicial Nominating Com'n, 659 A.2d 777, 782 (Del.Ct.App.1995). (citation omitted). 17 .	1	1
Wu v. National Endowment for the Humanitiesgreen scotus · 1973 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 2 sentences 1996See Wu v. National Endowment for Humanities, 460 F.2d 1030, 1032 (5th Cir.1972), cert. denied, 410 U.S. 926 , 93 S.Ct. 1352 , 35 L.Ed.2d 586 (1973); Soucie, 448 F.2d at 1078 n. 44 (“The government may have a special need for the opinions and recommendations of temporary consultants and those individuals should be able to give their judgments freely without fear of publicity.”). 17 See also Brush Wellman, Inc. v. 573 Dept. of Labor, 500 F.Supp. 519, 522 (N.D.Ohio 1980); Dow Jones & Co. v. Dept. of Justice, 917 F.2d 571, 574-75 (D.C.Cir.1990). 1996See Wu v. National Endowment for Humanities, 460 F.2d 1030, 1032 (5th Cir.1972), cert. denied, 410 U.S. 926 , 93 S.Ct. 1352 , 35 L.Ed.2d 586 (1973); Soucie, 448 F.2d at 1078 n. 44 (“The government may have a special need for the opinions and recommendations of temporary consultants and those individuals should be able to give their judgments freely without fear of publicity.”). 17 See also Brush Wellman, Inc. v. 573 Dept. of Labor, 500 F.Supp. 519, 522 (N.D.Ohio 1980); Dow Jones & Co. v. Dept. of Justice, 917 F.2d 571, 574-75 (D.C.Cir.1990).	1	1
Mobil Oil Corp. v. Department of Energygreen nynd · 1983 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 1 sentence 1996Instead, the agency must specifically assert the deliberative process privilege for every document it seeks to protect, Mead Data Cent., 566 F.2d at 251; Arthur Andersen, 679 F.2d at 258 ; Mobil Oil Corp. v. Dept. of Energy, 102 F.R.D. 1, 6, 8-9 (N.D.N.Y.1983), without providing information so detailed that it compromises the privilege claimed.	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in West Virginia. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (11)

Case	Cited	Years
McDaniel v. Kleiss green wva · 1996 2 sentences 2022Finally, in syllabus point 4 of McDaniel, we held that [w]hen a trial court modifies a judgment entered pursuant to a jury verdict in a comparative negligence case based on juror testimony or a proffer of evidence that the jury wrongly deducted the plaintiff’s apportionment of fault in arriving at its damage award, the court wrongly invades the jury’s deliberative process in violation of Rule 606(b) of the West Virginia Rules of Evidence. 198 W. 2000The circuit court increased the award upon the request of the plaintiff, but this Court reversed, finding that such a modification, “wrongly invades the jury’s deliberative process in violation of Rule 606(b) of the West Virginia Rules of Evidence.” Id., Syl. pt. 4.	2	2000–2022
National Labor Relations Board v. Sears, Roebuck & Co. green scotus · 1975 2 sentences 2015Our review of the appendix record, however, reveals that WVU improperly claimed the “deliberative process” exemption to some documents that are posVdecisional and/or non-deliberative. 19 As the Supreme Court recognized in Sears, the purpose of the deliberative process privilege is to protect the quality of an agency’s decision; revealing “communications made after the decision and designed to explain it” do not affect a decision’s quality. 421 U.S. at 152, 95 S.Ct. 1504 . 2000See, e.g., Redland Soccer Club, Inc. v. Department of the Army of the United States, 55 F.3d 827 (3d Cir.1995); In re Grand Jury, 821 F.2d 946 (3d Cir.1987), cert. denied sub nom., Colafella v. United States, 484 U.S. 1025 , 108 S.Ct. 749 , 98 L.Ed.2d 762 , (1988); NLRB v. Sears Roebuck & Co., 421 U.S. 132 , 95 S.Ct. 1504 , 44 L.Ed.2d 29 (1975); see also, Kirk D.	2	2000–2015
Brooks v. Harris green wva · 1997 2 sentences 2000In the similar case of Brooks v. Harris, 201 W.Va. 184 , 495 S.E.2d 555 (1997), the plaintiff presented evidence of $34,171.29 in medical bills. 2000In the similar case of Brooks v. Harris, 201 W.Va. 184 , 495 S.E.2d 555 (1997), the plaintiff presented evidence of $34,171.29 in medical bills.	1	2000–2000
In Re Grand Jury. In the Matter of Granite Purchases for State Capital-Grand Jury Subpoena Number 86-1. Appeal of United States of America green ca3 · 1987 1 sentence 2000See, e.g., Redland Soccer Club, Inc. v. Department of the Army of the United States, 55 F.3d 827 (3d Cir.1995); In re Grand Jury, 821 F.2d 946 (3d Cir.1987), cert. denied sub nom., Colafella v. United States, 484 U.S. 1025 , 108 S.Ct. 749 , 98 L.Ed.2d 762 , (1988); NLRB v. Sears Roebuck & Co., 421 U.S. 132 , 95 S.Ct. 1504 , 44 L.Ed.2d 29 (1975); see also, Kirk D.	1	2000–2000
Brody v. Guercio green scotus · 1988 2 sentences 2000See, e.g., Redland Soccer Club, Inc. v. Department of the Army of the United States, 55 F.3d 827 (3d Cir.1995); In re Grand Jury, 821 F.2d 946 (3d Cir.1987), cert. denied sub nom., Colafella v. United States, 484 U.S. 1025 , 108 S.Ct. 749 , 98 L.Ed.2d 762 , (1988); NLRB v. Sears Roebuck & Co., 421 U.S. 132 , 95 S.Ct. 1504 , 44 L.Ed.2d 29 (1975); see also, Kirk D. 2000See, e.g., Redland Soccer Club, Inc. v. Department of the Army of the United States, 55 F.3d 827 (3d Cir.1995); In re Grand Jury, 821 F.2d 946 (3d Cir.1987), cert. denied sub nom., Colafella v. United States, 484 U.S. 1025 , 108 S.Ct. 749 , 98 L.Ed.2d 762 , (1988); NLRB v. Sears Roebuck & Co., 421 U.S. 132 , 95 S.Ct. 1504 , 44 L.Ed.2d 29 (1975); see also, Kirk D.	1	2000–2000
Brody v. Guercio green scotus · 1988 1 sentence 2000See, e.g., Redland Soccer Club, Inc. v. Department of the Army of the United States, 55 F.3d 827 (3d Cir.1995); In re Grand Jury, 821 F.2d 946 (3d Cir.1987), cert. denied sub nom., Colafella v. United States, 484 U.S. 1025 , 108 S.Ct. 749 , 98 L.Ed.2d 762 , (1988); NLRB v. Sears Roebuck & Co., 421 U.S. 132 , 95 S.Ct. 1504 , 44 L.Ed.2d 29 (1975); see also, Kirk D.	1	2000–2000
Vaughn v. Rosen green cadc · 1975 1 sentence 1996Soucie, 448 F.2d at 1077 ; Mead Data Cent., 566 F.2d at 256; Vaughn v. Rosen, 523 F.2d 1136 (D.C.Cir.1975).	1	1996–1996
William F. Schell v. United States Department of Health & Human Services, Defendants green ca6 · 1988 1 sentence 1996Soucie, supra; Schell, 843 F.2d at 939 ; Julian v. U.S. Dept. of Justice, 806 F.2d 1411 , 1419 (9th Cir.1986), aff'd, 486 U.S. 1 , 108 S.Ct. 1606 , 100 L.Ed.2d 1 (1988); Manna v. U.S. Dept.	1	1996–1996
cluster 480396 green ca9 · 1986 1 sentence 1996Soucie, supra; Schell, 843 F.2d at 939 ; Julian v. U.S. Dept. of Justice, 806 F.2d 1411 , 1419 (9th Cir.1986), aff'd, 486 U.S. 1 , 108 S.Ct. 1606 , 100 L.Ed.2d 1 (1988); Manna v. U.S. Dept.	1	1996–1996
Gary A. Soucie v. Edward E. David, Jr., Director, Office of Science and Technology green cadc · 1971 2 sentences 1996Soucie, supra; Schell, 843 F.2d at 939 ; Julian v. U.S. Dept. of Justice, 806 F.2d 1411 , 1419 (9th Cir.1986), aff'd, 486 U.S. 1 , 108 S.Ct. 1606 , 100 L.Ed.2d 1 (1988); Manna v. U.S. Dept. 1996Soucie, 448 F.2d at 1077 ; Mead Data Cent., 566 F.2d at 256; Vaughn v. Rosen, 523 F.2d 1136 (D.C.Cir.1975).	1	1996–1996
United States Department of Justice v. Julian green scotus · 1988 2 sentences 1996Soucie, supra; Schell, 843 F.2d at 939 ; Julian v. U.S. Dept. of Justice, 806 F.2d 1411 , 1419 (9th Cir.1986), aff'd, 486 U.S. 1 , 108 S.Ct. 1606 , 100 L.Ed.2d 1 (1988); Manna v. U.S. Dept. 1996Soucie, supra; Schell, 843 F.2d at 939 ; Julian v. U.S. Dept. of Justice, 806 F.2d 1411 , 1419 (9th Cir.1986), aff'd, 486 U.S. 1 , 108 S.Ct. 1606 , 100 L.Ed.2d 1 (1988); Manna v. U.S. Dept.	1	1996–1996

Where else courts name it

PA 38 (1990–2025) NJ 28 (1999–2025) CA 27 (1991–2025) IL 15 (1997–2021) MD 11 (2000–2026) TX 11 (1996–2026) CO 9 (1998–2025) MI 8 (1991–2021) WV 7 (1996–2022) NY 6 (2008–2017) NV 6 (2000–2021) VT 6 (1990–2019) AK 4 (1996–2018) DC 4 (2013–2025) OK 4 (2014–2015) WY 3 (2010–2014) AZ 3 (1994–2010) NM 3 (2012–2019) HI 3 (2008–2021) MA 3 (2007–2015) WA 3 (1981–2013) OH 3 (2006–2013) NE 2 (2004–2017) FL 2 (1970–2016) IN 2 (2014–2016) LA 2 (2004–2011)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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