Cases pin-citing Ludwin
Ludwin v. Cambridge Mutual Fire Insurance · 1979 · 5 pinpoint citations from 3 cases, 3 distinct passages.
Patrick Poland v. Terry L. Stewart, Director, Arizona Department of Corrections
· 1999-03-01 · Ninth Circuit · 2 pin-cites
· pin 99 S. Ct. at 1254
“Fear of force is an element of robbery and the conviction of robbery presumes that such fear was present.”
Timmons v. State
· 1989-07-14 · District Court of Appeal of Florida · pin 99 S. Ct. at 1254
"The decisional law in effect at the time an appeal is decided governs the issues raised on appeal, even where there has been a change of law since the time of trial."
State v. Poland
· 1985-03-20 · Arizona Supreme Court · 2 pin-cites
· pin 99 S. Ct. at 1254
"Fear of force is an element of robbery and the conviction of robbery presumes that such fear was present."