6 canonical passages across 6 cases, quoted by 24 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. Fausto Lopez.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. Fausto Lopez Anchor | green | “with the authority to stop comes the authority to require the subject to submit to the stop, and to use reasonable force to make him submit.” | 7 |
| 2 | United States v. Boros | green | “ne measure of relevance is whether its exclusion would leave a chronological and con- ceptual void in the story.” | 4 |
| 3 | Gabriella Siler v. City of Kenosha, Wisconsin | green | “the obligation to consider the totality of the circumstances in these cases often makes resort to sum- mary judgment inappropriate.” | 4 |
| 4 | Brown v. City Of Oneonta | green | “a description of race and gender alone will rarely provide reasonable suspicion justifying a police search or seizure” | 3 |
| 5 | United States v. Michael J. Morrison | green | “when police are searching for a bank robber described as a black male, it is reasonable for them to be looking for a black man.” | 3 |
| 6 | United States v. Swazine Swindle | green | “race, when considered by itself and sometimes even in tandem with other factors, does not generate reasonable suspicion for a stop” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.