3 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 14 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Michael Lovern, Sr. v. Mark A. Edwards, Individually and in His Official Capacity as Superintendent of the Henrico County Public Schools.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Michael Lovern, Sr. v. Mark A. Edwards, Individually and in His Official Capacity as Superintendent of the Henrico County Public Schools Anchor | green | “he constitution does not contemplate the federal judiciary deciding issues of state law among non-diverse litigants” | 5 |
| 2 | Collins v. Palczewski | green | “long ago the courts of these united states established that 'criminal statutes cannot be enforced by civil actions.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.