3 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 13 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Smith v. Gomez.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Smith v. Gomez Anchor | green | “conspiracy is not an independent basis of liability in 1983 actions” | 5 |
| 2 | William Cefalu and Tyrone Cefalu, Plaintiffs-Appellants/cross-Appellees v. Village of Elk Grove, Defendants-Appellees/cross-Appellants | green | “the jury's conclusion that the cefalus suffered no constitutional injury thus forecloses relief on the conspiracy claim.” | 4 |
| 3 | Smith v. Gomez | green | “onspiracy is not an independent basis of liability in 1983 actions.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.