4 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 12 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. Samuel E. Gunning and Angela D. Gunning.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. Samuel E. Gunning and Angela D. Gunning Anchor | green | “one who coun- sels or commands another to commit a crime, and knowingly and actively contributes toward its success, is guilty of that crime under 18 u.s.c. 2 .” | 3 |
| 2 | United States v. Hussein | green | “the amount of restitution does not always correspond to guidelines loss because the rules for calculating each dif- fer.” | 3 |
| 3 | United States v. Viktor Khilchenko and Nazar Babiychuk | green | “to effect a constructive amendment, the evidence at trial must establish offenses different from or in addition to those charged by the grand jury.” | 3 |
| 4 | United States v. Bernard Seidling | green | “nothing in the statutory text of 18 u.s.c. 1341 requires a scheme to defraud to involve deception of the same person or entity whose money or property is the intended ob- ject of the scheme.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.