3 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 9 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Borgman v. Kedley.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Borgman v. Kedley Anchor | green | “need not rely on an explanation given by the suspect” | 3 |
| 2 | Mark A. Criss v. The City of Kent Rick Haury, Officer, Kent City Police Department | green | “a policeman . . . is under no obligation to give any credence to a suspect's story . . .” | 3 |
| 3 | Richard Marx, Individually, and Kristina Marx, a Minor v. Glenn H. Gumbinner, Robert Timmann and Kelly Vaughn, Martin County Sheriff's Dept. | green | “re not required to forego arresting based on initially discovered facts showing proba- ble cause simply because offered a different explanation” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.