2 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 57 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Illinois v. Wardlow.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Illinois v. Wardlow Anchor | green | “an individual's presence in an area of expected criminal activity, standing alone, is not enough to support a reasonable, particularized suspicion that the person is committing a crime.” | 32 |
| 2 | Florida v. JL | green | “the reasonableness of official suspicion must be measured by what the officers knew before they conducted their search.” | 25 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.