4 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 52 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Michael Georgakis v. Illinois State University.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Michael Georgakis v. Illinois State University Anchor | green | “a nonlawyer can't handle a case on behalf of anyone except himself.” | 26 |
| 2 | Joshua Howard v. William Pollard | green | “t is generally not an abuse of discretion for a district court to deny a motion for class certification on the ground that a pro se litigant is not an adequate class representative.” | 13 |
| 3 | Higgin v. Johnson | green | “state law violations do not form the basis for imposing 1983 liability.” | 9 |
| 4 | Estate of Simpson v. Gorbett | green | “section 1983 protects against constitutional violations, not violations of . . . departmental regulation . . . practices” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.