8 canonical passages across 7 cases, quoted by 46 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Carl Summers v. Altarum Institute, Corporation.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Carl Summers v. Altarum Institute, Corporation Anchor | green | “the ada makes it unlawful for covered employers to 'discriminate against a qualified individual on the basis of disability.” | 11 |
| 2 | Richard McGary v. City of Portland | green | “although title ii of the ada uses the term 'reasonable modification,' rather than 'reasonable accommodation,' these terms create identical standards.” | 10 |
| 3 | Robertson v. Las Animas County Sheriff's Department | green | “title ii's use of the term 'reasonable modifications' is essentially equivalent to title i's use of the term 'reasonable accommodation.” | 9 |
| 4 | Wahi v. Charleston Area Medical Center, Inc. | green | “we have previously held, along with the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eleventh circuits, that a plaintiff may not raise new claims after discovery has begun without amending his complaint.” | 4 |
| 5 | James Heiko v. Colombo Savings Bank, F.S.B., Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Amicus Supporting | green | “e assess relative job qualifications based on the criteria that the employer has established as relevant to the position in question.” | 3 |
| 6 | Wahi v. Charleston Area Medical Center, Inc. | green | “plaintiff may not raise new claims after discovery has begun without amending his complaint.” | 3 |
| 7 | Iraq Middle Market Development Foundation v. Harmoosh | green | “a court can grant summary judgment only if, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, the case presents no - 11 - genuine issues of material fact and the moving party demonstrates entitlement to judgment as a matter of law.” | 3 |
| 8 | Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. United Airlines, Inc. | green | “the supreme court has found that accommodation through appointment to a vacant position is reasonable. absent a showing of undue hardship, an employer must implement such a reassignment policy.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.