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3 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 291 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Norman Braley v. City of Pontiac, Stanley Helgemo, Sergeant Arthur Rouse and Roland Garcia, Officers.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Norman Braley v. City of Pontiac, Stanley Helgemo, Sergeant Arthur Rouse and Roland Garcia, Officers Anchor | green | “section 1983 does not itself create any constitutional rights; it creates a right of action for the vindication of constitutional guarantees found elsewhere” | 141 |
| 2 | Frazier v. State of Michigan | green | “a complaint must allege that the defendants were personally involved in the alleged deprivation of federal rights” | 128 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.