2 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 31 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Spavone v. New York State Department of Correctional Services.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spavone v. New York State Department of Correctional Services Anchor | green | “it is well settled in this circuit that personal involvement of defendants in alleged constitutional deprivations is a prerequisite to an award of damages under 1983.” | 23 |
| 2 | Decarlo v. Fry | green | “single incident alleged in a complaint, especially if it involved only actors below the policy-making level, does not suffice to show a municipal policy.” | 8 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.