C.F.R. » Title 14 » CHAPTER I—FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION › SUBCHAPTER F—AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES › PART 107—SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS › Subpart B—Operating Rules

14 C.F.R. § 107.31

Visual line of sight aircraft operation

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(a) With vision that is unaided by any device other than corrective lenses, the remote pilot in command, the visual observer (if one is used), and the person manipulating the flight control of the small unmanned aircraft system must be able to see the unmanned aircraft throughout the entire flight in order to:

(1) Know the unmanned aircraft's location;

(2) Determine the unmanned aircraft's attitude, altitude, and direction of flight;

(3) Observe the airspace for other air traffic or hazards; and

(4) Determine that the unmanned aircraft does not endanger the life or property of another.

(b) Throughout the entire flight of the small unmanned aircraft, the ability described in paragraph (a) of this section must be exercised by either:

(1) The remote pilot in command and the person manipulating the flight controls of the small unmanned aircraft system; or

(2) A visual observer.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 4 cases, 2003–2017 · leading case: United States v. Demond Jamal Camper, 384 F.3d 1073 (9th Cir. 2004).
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United States v. Demond Jamal Camper, 384 F.3d 1073 (9th Cir. 2004). · cites it 2× “See 14 C.F.R. § 107.31 . Camper filled out a security badge application, which contained a questionnaire entitled “Background Verification.”
United States v. Rick Joe Baer, United States of Am. v. William F. Chan, 324 F.3d 282 (4th Cir. 2003). “This regulation was previously codified at 14 C.F.R. § 107.31 (b). The differences between the previous and current versions of the regulation are not material to this litigation.”
Singer v. City of Newton, 284 F. Supp. 3d 125 (D.D.C. 2017). · cites it 2× “§§ 106 (f)(2), (g)(1) ; 14 C.F.R. §§ 107.31 , 107.205 ). Subsection (c)(1)(b) states that no pilotless aircraft may be operated "at a distance beyond the visual line of sight of the Operator.”
United States v. Baer (4th Cir. 2003). “"), 2 This regulation was previously codified at 14 C.F.R. § 107.31 (b). The differences between the previous and current versions of the regulation are not material to this litigation.”
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