C.F.R. » Title 25 » CHAPTER I—BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR › SUBCHAPTER D—HUMAN SERVICES › PART 23—INDIAN CHILD WELFARE ACT › Subpart I—Indian Child Welfare Act Proceedings

25 C.F.R. § 23.120

How does the State court ensure that active efforts have been made?

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(a) Prior to ordering an involuntary foster-care placement or termination of parental rights, the court must conclude that active efforts have been made to prevent the breakup of the Indian family and that those efforts have been unsuccessful.

(b) Active efforts must be documented in detail in the record.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 35 cases (23 in the last 5 years), 2017–2026 · leading case: Bill S. v. State, Dept. of Health & Soc. Servs., Off. of Child.'s Servs., 436 P.3d 976 (Alaska 2019).
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Bill S. v. State, Dept. of Health & Soc. Servs., Off. of Child.'s Servs., 436 P.3d 976 (Alaska 2019). · cites it 5× “§ 1912 (d) ; 25 C.F.R. § 23.120 (a) (2018) ; CINA Rule 18(c)(2)(B).”
In re Dependency of G.J.A., 489 P.3d 631 (Wash. 2021). · cites it 3× “25 C.F.R. § 23.120 (b); BIA GUIDELINES at 44.”
Mona J. v. State of Alaska, Dep't of Health & Soc. Servs., Off. of Child.'s Servs., 511 P.3d 553 (Alaska 2022). · cites it 2× “§ 1912 (d); 25 C.F.R. § 23.120 (a) (2021); CINA Rule 18(c)(2)(B).”
Gaddie v. K.S.D., 904 N.W.2d 479 (N.D. 2017). · cites it 2× “§ 1912 (d); 25 C.F.R. § 23.120 . [¶ 18] The Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe was properly notified of the proceedings and did not appear or provide a response to the proceedings in writing.”
In Re The Welfare Of A.l.c., 439 P.3d 694 (Wash. Ct. App. 2019). “The social worker gave a statement to the juvenile court on the record, and the Department submitted a report that also outlined the Department’s efforts.”
Clark .J. (Father) v. State of Alaska, DHSS, OCS, 483 P.3d 896 (Alaska 2021). “6 See 25 C.F.R. § 23.120 (b) (2018) (“Active efforts must be documented in the record.”
Brackeen v. Zinke, 338 F. Supp. 3d 514 (N.D. Tex. 2018). “25 C.F.R. § 23.120 . The Final Rule defines "active efforts" to include "assisting the parent or parents or Indian custodian through the steps of a case plan and with accessing or developing the resources necessary to satisfy the case plan.”
Dept. of Human Servs. v. T. J., 462 P.3d 315 (Or. Ct. App. 2020). “See also 25 CFR § 23.120 ; 25 CFR § 23.121 (a); OAR 413-115- 0060; OAR 413-115-0130(1)(a).”
In re: L.W.S., 804 S.E.2d 816 (N.C. Ct. App. 2017). “" 25 C.F.R. § 23.120 (a) -(b) (2017). However, because the order in the instant case was entered on 28 November 2016, before the effective date for new Subpart I (12 December 2016), Subpart I is not applicable to the instant case.”
Ronan F. v. State of Alaska, DHSS, OCS, Elena F. v. State of Alaska, DFCS, OCS, 539 P.3d 507 (Alaska 2023). · cites it 2× “§ 1912 (d); 25 C.F.R. § 23.120 (a). 16 25 C.F.R. § 23.”
In re L.A.G., 429 P.3d 629 (Mont. 2018). “" 25 C.F.R. § 23.120 (a) ; see 25 U.S.C. 1912(d).”
In re B.Y., 432 P.3d 129 (Mont. 2018). “Thus, the district court must document in detail in the record how active efforts have been made by clear and convincing evidence prior to removal and beyond a reasonable doubt prior to termination. Federal regulations specifically define "active efforts": Active efforts means…”
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— 25 C.F.R. § 23.120(a) — 1 case
Jace B. (Father) v. State of Alaska, DFCS, OCS (Alaska 2026).
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