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Florida Statute 90.604 - Full Text and Legal Analysis
Florida Statute 90.604 | Lawyer Caselaw & Research
Link to State of Florida Official Statute
F.S. 90.604 Case Law from Google Scholar Google Search for Amendments to 90.604

The 2025 Florida Statutes

Title VII
EVIDENCE
Chapter 90
EVIDENCE CODE
View Entire Chapter
90.604 Lack of personal knowledge.Except as otherwise provided in s. 90.702, a witness may not testify to a matter unless evidence is introduced which is sufficient to support a finding that the witness has personal knowledge of the matter. Evidence to prove personal knowledge may be given by the witness’s own testimony.
History.s. 1, ch. 76-237; s. 1, ch. 77-77; s. 22, ch. 78-361; s. 1, ch. 78-379; s. 483, ch. 95-147.

F.S. 90.604 on Google Scholar

F.S. 90.604 on CourtListener

Amendments to 90.604


Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases Citing Statute 90.604

Total Results: 45

Roman v. State

475 So. 2d 1228, 10 Fla. L. Weekly 495

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Aug 30, 1985 | Docket: 196352

Cited 63 times | Published

...es that even without "another," the statement was improperly admitted because it was hearsay and because there was no predicate laid to demonstrate that Beaudoin had personal knowledge that her brother had killed the baby. We need go no further than section 90.604, Florida Statutes (1981): 90.604 Lack of personal knowledge....

Rivera v. State

859 So. 2d 495

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Sep 11, 2003 | Docket: 1284596

Cited 28 times | Published

...Therefore, we find no error in the trial court sustaining an objection to the witness's answer. While the fact that the witness knew that other boys stopped seeing Donovan appears appropriate testimony, as it reflects his personal knowledge of the matter under section 90.604, Florida Statutes (2001), his continued statement on "what they had said" was simply nonresponsive to defense counsel's question....
...bjection based either on speculation or on relevance. Either way, it appears the trial court correctly sustained the objection. First, Miriam's testimony about what Rivera was experiencing would not have been based on her own personal knowledge. See § 90.604, Fla....
...er helpful to the defense. We find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in sustaining the objection because trial counsel could not have had personal knowledge of what other evidence would have made a difference to the jury in this case. See § 90.604, Fla....

Campbell v. Salman

384 So. 2d 1331

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jun 24, 1980 | Docket: 2558954

Cited 12 times | Published

...ment with respect to Count I of the complaint. Since the affidavit was based on information and belief rather than personal knowledge, it was not admissible into evidence and should not have been considered by the trial court. Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.510(e); § 90.604, Fla.Stats....

& SC13-1787 Steven Douglas Hayward v. State of Florida and Steven Douglas Hayward v. Julie L. Jones, etc.

183 So. 3d 286

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Jun 25, 2015 | Docket: 2668545

Cited 11 times | Published

...2d 637, 646 (Fla. 2000). Section 90.603, Florida Statutes (2007), provides that a person is disqualified as a witness if the person is incapable of expressing himself or herself concerning the matter or is incapable of understanding the duty to tell the truth. Section 90.604, Florida Statutes (2007), provides that a witness may not testify to a matter unless evidence is introduced sufficient to support a finding that the witness has personal knowledge of the matter....
...Stat. (2007). Section 90.603, Florida Statutes (2007), provides that a person is disqualified as a witness if the person is incapable of expressing himself or herself concerning the matter or is incapable of understanding the duty to tell the truth. Section 90.604, Florida Statutes (2007), provides that a witness may not testify to a matter unless sufficient evidence, which can include the witness’s own testimony, is introduced to support a finding that the witness has personal knowledge of the matter....

Victorino v. State

127 So. 3d 478, 2013 WL 5567079

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Oct 10, 2013 | Docket: 60236730

Cited 8 times | Published

Speculative Lay Opinion Evidence Relying on section 90.604, Florida Statutes (2006), which provides that

Rowan v. State

696 So. 2d 842, 1997 WL 148672

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 2, 1997 | Docket: 1696043

Cited 8 times | Published

...In addition to the fact that the probation officer's testimony that he checked appellant's room was based on the out-of-court statement of Buck, there was no evidence that the probation officer had any independent personal knowledge of which room belonged to appellant. See § 90.604, Fla....

Doctors Co. v. State, Dept. of Ins.

940 So. 2d 466, 31 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. D 2341

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Sep 13, 2006 | Docket: 1524102

Cited 6 times | Published

...Preimesberger's testimony as a fact witness due to the fact that he was not employed by Appellant until 2004, after the three-year transitional period referred to in the Agreement. As such, he lacked personal knowledge of many of the matters relevant and material to the issues to be decided by the jury. See § 90.604, Fla....

Serrano v. State

15 So. 3d 629, 2009 Fla. App. LEXIS 7694, 2009 WL 1677545

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jun 17, 2009 | Docket: 1660461

Cited 6 times | Published

..."Lay witness opinion testimony is admissible if it is within the ken of an intelligent person with a degree of experience." Floyd v. State, 569 So.2d 1225, 1232 (Fla.1990). Any witness, however, may testify as to matters within the witness's personal knowledge, including personal observations. See § 90.604, Fla....

Orton v. State

212 So. 3d 377, 2017 WL 363159, 2017 Fla. App. LEXIS 787

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jan 25, 2017 | Docket: 60263349

Cited 6 times | Published

hand, a speculation objection is rooted in section 90.604, Florida Statutes, which requires a witness

Essex v. State

917 So. 2d 953, 2005 WL 3478353

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Dec 21, 2005 | Docket: 1509424

Cited 6 times | Published

...The second district held that admission of the officer's hearsay testimony constituted reversible error, explaining its conclusion as follows: The rules of evidence would not have allowed Detective Beining to testify about the content of the statements each witness gave him describing the perpetrator. See § 90.604, .801(1)(c), .802, Fla....

State of Florida v. Donna Horwitz

191 So. 3d 429, 41 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 211, 2016 WL 2586307, 2016 Fla. LEXIS 955

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: May 5, 2016 | Docket: 3061089

Cited 5 times | Published

presence of some of the witnesses. See § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (2011).

L.L. v. State

189 So. 3d 252, 2016 WL 1357736, 2016 Fla. App. LEXIS 5262

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 6, 2016 | Docket: 60254465

Cited 5 times | Published

based on the .witness’s personal knowledge,-section 90.604, Florida Statutes, and perceptions, section

Robinson v. State

989 So. 2d 747, 2008 WL 4180266

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Sep 12, 2008 | Docket: 1214426

Cited 4 times | Published

...2d DCA 2004) (concluding that evidence was insufficient to support contempt conviction when State's sole witness testified to certain facts he gleaned by putting "two and two together"; even though witness did not repeat inadmissible hearsay, his testimony was not based on facts within his independent knowledge); see also § 90.604, Fla....

State v. Eubanks

609 So. 2d 107, 1992 WL 341950

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 25, 1992 | Docket: 1737983

Cited 4 times | Published

...officer testify, and the arresting officer did state that he observed the tag and it was expired. The trial court erred in not considering this testimony. The arresting officer should have been able to testify about what he personally observed. See § 90.604, Fla....

Szuba v. State

749 So. 2d 551, 2000 WL 24888

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jan 14, 2000 | Docket: 1690432

Cited 4 times | Published

...Gibson told him about the alleged confession of Mr. Szuba when he investigated the incident two weeks after the crime occurred. *553 The rules of evidence would not have allowed Detective Beining to testify about the content of the statements each witness gave him describing the perpetrator. See § 90.604, .801(1)(c), .802, Fla....

Roschman Partners v. SK PARTNERS I

627 So. 2d 2, 1993 WL 382560

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Sep 29, 1993 | Docket: 1530216

Cited 3 times | Published

...In the case of an ordinary agreement negotiated directly by the parties themselves but later drafted by their lawyers, the principals are the real persons having personal knowledge — and thus capable of testifying — as to the intention of the parties in contracting. See § 90.604, Fla....

Coral Imaging Services v. Geico Indem. Ins.

955 So. 2d 11, 2006 Fla. App. LEXIS 16469, 2006 WL 2819614

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Oct 4, 2006 | Docket: 1659265

Cited 3 times | Published

...Stat. § 11.062(2)(a); § 11.066(4); § 11.70(3)(d); § 14.29(3)(b), (12); § 20.04(7)(a); § 20.19(6)(f); § 20.23(2)(a)3; § 27.34(2); § 27.711(3); § 28.241(3),(4); § 29.004(10)(d); § 39.012; § 39.013(2); § 44.06(2); § 63.0423(5) and (6); § 90.604....

Holborough v. State

103 So. 3d 221, 2012 WL 5933008, 2012 Fla. App. LEXIS 20448

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 28, 2012 | Docket: 60227007

Cited 3 times | Published

from her display of a “Florida ID” to him. See § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (2010). Hearsay is “a statement, other

Simmons v. State

683 So. 2d 1101, 1996 WL 678686

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 26, 1996 | Docket: 466168

Cited 3 times | Published

...ify. § 90.601, Fla.Stat. A person may be disqualified to testify if the court determines that the person is incapable of expressing himself or herself so as to be understood, or is incapable of understanding the duty of a witness to tell the truth. § 90.604, Fla.Stat....

Tennyson v. State

254 So. 3d 510

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 11, 2018 | Docket: 6360287

Cited 3 times | Published

v. State, 475 So. 2d 1228, 1233 (Fla. 1985); § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (2016). He was merely acknowledging

Kenya J. Williams v. State of Florida

257 So. 3d 1192

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 6, 2018 | Docket: 8140338

Cited 2 times | Published

witness has personal knowledge of the matter.” § 90.604, Fla. Stat. Here, in identifying the shoes worn

Bryant v. State

124 So. 3d 1012, 2013 WL 5925304, 2013 Fla. App. LEXIS 17582

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 6, 2013 | Docket: 60235280

Cited 2 times | Published

testimony identifying the phone call’s origin. Section 90.604, Florida Statutes (2009), in pertinent part

State of Florida v. Eric Lucas

183 So. 3d 1027, 41 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 19, 2016 Fla. LEXIS 189, 2016 WL 339550

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Jan 28, 2016 | Docket: 3031846

Cited 2 times | Published

...An expert witness is used “[i]f scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will assist the trier of fact in understanding the evidence or in determining a fact in issue.” See § 90.702, Fla. Stat. (2015). However, a fact witness is used if that witness has personal knowledge of the facts of a case. See § 90.604, Fla....

& SC13-1065 Harold Blake v. State of Florida and Harold Blake v. Timothy H. Cannon, etc.

180 So. 3d 89

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Dec 4, 2014 | Docket: 2611590

Cited 2 times | Published

...2d 1056, 1065 (Fla. 2008). Blake also does not explain why Demetrius’ speculation about why Green wanted Blake to leave town would be admissible. Demetrius would either be repeating Green’s out-of-court statements or offering an inadmissible lay opinion about the purpose of Green’s actions. See § 90.604, Fla....

Hordis Bros., Inc. v. Sentinel Holdings, Inc.

562 So. 2d 715, 1990 Fla. App. LEXIS 2867, 1990 WL 49827

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 24, 1990 | Docket: 2490065

Cited 2 times | Published

...ant who "need not have personal knowledge of the facts"); see also Campbell v. Salman, 384 So.2d 1331, 1333 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980) ("affidavit ... based on information and belief rather than personal knowledge... was not admissible into evidence... ."); § 90.604, Fla....

Richard Allen Johnson v. State of Florida

135 So. 3d 1002, 2014 WL 68134

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Jan 9, 2014 | Docket: 400987

Cited 1 times | Published

...nion testimony regarding a subject on which Vitale was not competent to testify. This argument is without merit because Vitale was simply testifying about his observations and interpretation of Johnson’s nonverbal actions, which was proper. See § 90.604, Fla....

A & A Electric Services, Inc. v. Jurado

198 So. 3d 37, 2015 Fla. App. LEXIS 12713

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 26, 2015 | Docket: 60294173

Cited 1 times | Published

810 So.2d 516, 521 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001); see also § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (2012) (providing that a witness may

State of Florida v. Andrew King

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Sep 9, 2021 | Docket: 60373625

Published

3d 1192, 1196 (Fla. 1st DCA 2018) (quoting section 90.604, Florida Statutes, for the proposition that

& SC13-1065 Harold Blake v. State of Florida and Harold Blake v. Timothy H. Cannon, etc. Corrected Opinion

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Sep 17, 2015 | Docket: 2816845

Published

...2d 1056, 1065 (Fla. 2008). Blake also does not explain why Demetrius’ speculation about why Green wanted Blake to leave town would be admissible. Demetrius would either be repeating Green’s out-of-court statements or offering an inadmissible lay opinion about the purpose of Green’s actions. See § 90.604, Fla....

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. v. Ostrander

201 So. 3d 1281, 2016 Fla. App. LEXIS 16009

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Oct 28, 2016 | Docket: 4483498

Published

knowledge of JPMorgan’s actions. See § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (2014) (“[A] witness may not testify

Robert K. Walton v. Deutsche Bank National Trust Co., etc.

201 So. 3d 831, 2016 Fla. App. LEXIS 15547

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Oct 19, 2016 | Docket: 4480289

Published

taking, place on or before July 16, 2008. See § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (witness may not testify to a matter

PEGGY A. THORLTON v. NATIONSTAR MORTGAGE, L L C

257 So. 3d 596

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Oct 17, 2018 | Docket: 8040495

Published

(2016), or lack of personal knowledge under section 90.604. Nationstar distinguished Spencer by arguing

Airborne Freight Corp. v. Fleming International Airways, Inc.

423 So. 2d 921, 1982 Fla. App. LEXIS 21659

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Nov 9, 1982 | Docket: 64594073

Published

v. United States, 641 F.2d 253 (5th Cir.1981); § 90.604, Fla.Stat. (1981) (lack of personal knowledge)

State v. Green

733 So. 2d 583, 1999 Fla. App. LEXIS 6820, 1999 WL 334756

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: May 27, 1999 | Docket: 64788405

Published

recollect, are included within the provisions of section 90.604. In order to have the requisite personal knowledge

Sharnika Lashay Moore-Bryant v. State of Florida

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: May 15, 2024 | Docket: 68490740

Published

scene. “[A] speculation objection is rooted in section 90.604, Florida Statutes, which requires a witness

John Deere Co. v. Thomas

522 So. 2d 926, 13 Fla. L. Weekly 694, 1988 Fla. App. LEXIS 984, 1988 WL 20056

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 9, 1988 | Docket: 64633841

Published

cross examination, a challenge grounded upon section 90.604, Florida Statutes (1985), would have been appropriate

Carol Boyd v. Universal Property & Casualty Insurance Company

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 26, 2025 | Docket: 69793434

Published

witness has personal knowledge of the matter.” § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (2023). “An affiant’s personal knowledge

Roseman v. Town Square Ass'n, Inc.

810 So. 2d 516, 2001 WL 1540505

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Mar 13, 2002 | Docket: 1654792

Published

...uling. Evidentiary Issues With respect to the exclusion of Tuttle's proffered testimony that he suspected residents were adjusting the door themselves, the trial court excluded the evidence because Tuttle did not actually see anyone adjust the door. Section 90.604, Florida Statutes (1999), prohibits testimony by a witness who does not have personal knowledge of a matter....

Leonard v. State

192 So. 3d 1258, 2016 WL 3201073, 2016 Fla. App. LEXIS 8937

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jun 10, 2016 | Docket: 3077249

Published

not based on personal knowledge. See § 90.604 (“[A] witness may not testify to a matter unless

Howard Bros. v. Sotuyo

472 So. 2d 1264, 10 Fla. L. Weekly 1642

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jul 3, 1985 | Docket: 1793897

Published

...positions was not established. We reject this argument because the evidence of Veasey's position in the department, together with the evidence of his experience and other credentials, was an adequate foundation for the testimony that followed. See, Section 90.604, Florida Statutes (1983)....

Steve Matthews v. the State of Florida

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Jul 2, 2025 | Docket: 70690847

Published

witness has personal knowledge of the matter. § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (2009). Where a witness has no personal

Richard Allen Johnson v. Michael D. Crews, etc.

Supreme Court of Florida | Filed: Jan 9, 2014 | Docket: 400986

Published

...nion testimony regarding a subject on which Vitale was not competent to testify. This argument is without merit because Vitale was simply testifying about his observations and interpretation of Johnson’s nonverbal actions, which was proper. See § 90.604, Fla....

Snelling & Snelling, Inc. v. Kaplan

614 So. 2d 665, 1993 Fla. App. LEXIS 2248, 1993 WL 48258

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Feb 26, 1993 | Docket: 64694635

Published

Browning’s personal knowledge of the matter. See § 90.-604, Fla.Stat. (1991). Nor could the ledger be considered

A&A Electric Services, Inc. v. Jurado

198 So. 3d 37

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Aug 26, 2015 | Docket: 2687744

Published

...In general, a witness is limited to testifying to facts that are within the witness's knowledge rather than the witness's speculation and conjecture. See, e.g., Kennard v. State, 28 So. 858, 859 (Fla. 1900); Roseman v. Town Square Ass'n, 810 So. 2d 516, 521 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001); see also § 90.604, Fla. Stat....

L.L. v. State

District Court of Appeal of Florida | Filed: Apr 6, 2016 | Docket: 3051125

Published

layperson’s personal knowledge.” Id.; see also § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (“Except as

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