Florida Statutes
Fla. Stat. § 713.31 (2025)
Remedies in case of fraud or collusion.
✓ 2025 Florida Statutes — current through the 2025 Regular Session
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713.31 Remedies in case of fraud or collusion.—
(1) When the owner or any lienor shall, by fraud or collusion, deprive or attempt to deprive any lienor of benefits or rights to which such lienor is entitled under this part by establishing or manipulating the contract price or by giving false affidavits, releases, invoices, worthless checks, statements, or written instruments permitted or required under this part relating to the improvement of real property hereunder to the detriment of any such lienor, the circuit court in chancery shall have jurisdiction, upon a complaint filed by such lienor, to issue temporary and permanent injunctions, order accountings, grant discovery, utilize all remedies available under creditors’ bills and proceedings supplementary to execution, marshal assets, and exercise any other appropriate legal or equitable remedies or procedures without regard to the adequacy of a remedy at law or whether or not irreparable damage has or will be done.
(2)(a) Any lien asserted under this part in which the lienor has willfully exaggerated the amount for which such lien is claimed or in which the lienor has willfully included a claim for work not performed upon or materials not furnished for the property upon which he or she seeks to impress such lien or in which the lienor has compiled his or her claim with such willful and gross negligence as to amount to a willful exaggeration shall be deemed a fraudulent lien.
(b) It is a complete defense to any action to enforce a lien under this part, or against any lien in any action in which the validity of the lien is an issue, that the lien is a fraudulent lien; and the court so finding is empowered to and shall declare the lien unenforceable, and the lienor thereupon forfeits his or her right to any lien on the property upon which he or she sought to impress such fraudulent lien. However, a minor mistake or error in a claim of lien, or a good faith dispute as to the amount due does not constitute a willful exaggeration that operates to defeat an otherwise valid lien.
(c) An owner against whose interest in real property a fraudulent lien is filed, or any contractor, subcontractor, or sub-subcontractor who suffers damages as a result of the filing of the fraudulent lien, shall have a right of action for damages occasioned thereby. The action may be instituted independently of any other action, or in connection with a summons to show cause under s. 713.21, or as a counterclaim or cross-claim to any action to enforce or to determine the validity of the lien. The prevailing party in an action under this paragraph may recover reasonable attorney’s fees and costs. If the lienor who files a fraudulent lien is not the prevailing party, the lienor shall be liable to the owner or the defrauded party who prevails in an action under this subsection in damages, which shall include court costs, clerk’s fees, a reasonable attorney’s fee and costs for services in securing the discharge of the lien, the amount of any premium for a bond given to obtain the discharge of the lien, interest on any money deposited for the purpose of discharging the lien, and punitive damages in an amount not exceeding the difference between the amount claimed by the lienor to be due or to become due and the amount actually due or to become due.
(3) Any person who willfully files a fraudulent lien, as defined in this section, commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. A state attorney or the statewide prosecutor, upon the filing of an indictment or information against a contractor, subcontractor, or sub-subcontractor which charges such person with a violation of this subsection, shall forward a copy of the indictment or information to the Department of Business and Professional Regulation. The Department of Business and Professional Regulation shall promptly open an investigation into the matter, and if probable cause is found, shall furnish a copy of any investigative report to the state attorney or statewide prosecutor who furnished a copy of the indictment or information and to the owner of the property which is the subject of the investigation.
History.—s. 1, ch. 63-135; s. 35, ch. 67-254; s. 12, ch. 77-353; s. 260, ch. 79-400; s. 9, ch. 80-97; s. 15, ch. 90-109; s. 8, ch. 95-240; s. 818, ch. 97-102; s. 6, ch. 2003-177; s. 13, ch. 2007-221.
Note.—Former s. 84.311.
Arrestable Offenses under F.S. 713.31
M = misdemeanor · F = felony · degree: F=1st S=2nd T=3rd§713.31FRAUDFILE A FRAUDULENT LIEN
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 71
cases (6 in the last 5 years), 1971–2025 · leading case: Newman v. Guerra, 208 So. 3d 314 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017).
Newman v. Guerra, 208 So. 3d 314 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017). “Overall, the court concluded that the contractor’s claim of lien “was compiled with such willful and gross negligence that it amounted to a willful exaggeration and should be deemed a fraudulent lien under Fla. Stat. § 713.31 .” The court discharged the lien, but reserved…”
Gator Boring & Trenching, Inc. v. Westra Constr. Corp., 210 So. 3d 175 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016). “Also, Westra filed a counterclaim under section 713.31 (2)(c) for the alleged fraudulent lien against Gator that is unaffected by the orders under review.”
Delta Painting, Inc. v. Baumann, 710 So. 2d 663 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998). “The claim of fraudulent lien in this case is governed by section 713.31, Florida Statutes (1991). In construing an earlier version of this statute, this court said that "[t]he inclusion of items not authorized by change orders or by contract renders the lien fraudulent and…”
Sharrard v. Ligon, 892 So. 2d 1092 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004). “Section 713.31(2) makes a fraudulent lien unenforceable and gives the owner a claim for compensatory damages, costs, attorney's fees, and punitive damages against a contractor who files a fraudulent lien.”
Vinci Dev. Co. v. Connell, 509 So. 2d 1128 (Fla. 2d DCA 1987). “Appellee/cross-appellant (Owner) counterclaimed in three counts seeking compensatory damages for breach of the construction contract for failure of satisfactory performance and on a theory of constructive fraud, and a claim for punitive damages under the provisions of section…”
IberiaBank v. Coconut 41, LLC, 984 F. Supp. 2d 1283 (M.D. Ala. 2013). “10-13) seeks damages against Westwind Contracting pursuant to Fla. Stat. § 713.31 for filing a fraudulent lien against HG Coconut’s De *1301 velopment Area 2.”
Wells v. Halmac Dev., Inc., 189 So. 3d 1015 (Fla. 3d DCA 2016). “[and] that he was entitled to attorney’s fees as the prevailing party under Florida Statute § 713.31.” 4 Further, the court found, Castro “brought a color-able claim to be determined the prevailing party under the authority of Hollub .”
Bankers Life & Cas. Co. v. Crenshaw, 486 U.S. 71 (1988). “1987) provides: "In case the judgment or decree of the court below be affirmed, or the appellant fails to prosecute his appeal to effect, the supreme court shall render judgment against the appellant for damages, at the rate of fifteen percent (15%), as follows: If the judgment…”
Farrey's Wholesale Hardware Co., Inc. v. Coltin Elec. Servs., LLC, 263 So. 3d 168 (Fla. 2d DCA 2018). “3 In response, Coltin filed its answer, affirmative defenses, and counterclaims, which included an action to declare Farrey's claim of lien fraudulent and unenforceable under section 713.31, Florida Statutes (2016) (count IV).”
HOBBS CONST. & DEV., INC. v. Presbyterian Homes, 440 So. 2d 673 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983). “Presbyterian Homes and Leon County counterclaimed that the lien was fraudulent under § 713.31, Fla. Stat. (1981). The deposition of Hobbs' chief engineer, Wenick, showed how Hobbs compiled the lien.”
Murthy v. Sinha Corp., 644 So. 2d 983 (Fla. 1994). “Additionally, the qualifying agent is responsible for supervising, directing, managing, and controlling both the corporation's contracting and construction activities.”
Prosperi v. Code, Inc., 626 So. 2d 1360 (Fla. 1993). “29, Florida Statutes (1989), on the premise that he was not the prevailing party and (2) under section 713.31, Florida Statutes (1989), because the fraudulent affidavits were not used as the basis for the lien and the final affidavit correctly stated the amount which was due and…”
— 713.31(1) — 1 case
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. AAA Asphalt, Inc., 677 So. 2d 93 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996).
— 713.31(2) — 12 cases
Gator Boring & Trenching, Inc. v. Westra Constr. Corp., 210 So. 3d 175 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016). “Also, Westra filed a counterclaim under section 713.31 (2)(c) for the alleged fraudulent lien against Gator that is unaffected by the orders under review.”
Sprinkler Fitters v. FITR SERV., 461 So. 2d 144 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984).
HOBBS CONST. & DEV., INC. v. Presbyterian Homes, 440 So. 2d 673 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983). “Presbyterian Homes and Leon County counterclaimed that the lien was fraudulent under § 713.31, Fla. Stat. (1981). The deposition of Hobbs' chief engineer, Wenick, showed how Hobbs compiled the lien.”
T-Quip of Florida, Inc. v. Tietig, 207 So. 3d 958 (Fla. 5th DCA 2016).
Peacock Const. Co. v. Gould, 351 So. 2d 394 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977).
— 713.31(2)(a) — 29 cases
Sharrard v. Ligon, 892 So. 2d 1092 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004). “Section 713.31(2) makes a fraudulent lien unenforceable and gives the owner a claim for compensatory damages, costs, attorney's fees, and punitive damages against a contractor who files a fraudulent lien.”
Fleetwood Homes of Florida, Inc. v. Reeves, 833 So. 2d 857 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002).
Newman v. Guerra, 208 So. 3d 314 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017). “Overall, the court concluded that the contractor’s claim of lien “was compiled with such willful and gross negligence that it amounted to a willful exaggeration and should be deemed a fraudulent lien under Fla. Stat. § 713.31 .” The court discharged the lien, but reserved…”
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill v. VOLPE CONST., CO., 511 So. 2d 642 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987).
Vinci Dev. Co. v. Connell, 509 So. 2d 1128 (Fla. 2d DCA 1987). “Appellee/cross-appellant (Owner) counterclaimed in three counts seeking compensatory damages for breach of the construction contract for failure of satisfactory performance and on a theory of constructive fraud, and a claim for punitive damages under the provisions of section…”
— 713.31(2)(b) — 19 cases
Sharrard v. Ligon, 892 So. 2d 1092 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004). “Section 713.31(2) makes a fraudulent lien unenforceable and gives the owner a claim for compensatory damages, costs, attorney's fees, and punitive damages against a contractor who files a fraudulent lien.”
Gator Boring & Trenching, Inc. v. Westra Constr. Corp., 210 So. 3d 175 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016). “Also, Westra filed a counterclaim under section 713.31 (2)(c) for the alleged fraudulent lien against Gator that is unaffected by the orders under review.”
Delta Painting, Inc. v. Baumann, 710 So. 2d 663 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998). “The claim of fraudulent lien in this case is governed by section 713.31, Florida Statutes (1991). In construing an earlier version of this statute, this court said that "[t]he inclusion of items not authorized by change orders or by contract renders the lien fraudulent and…”
Zupnik Haverland, L.L.C. v. Current Builders of Florida, Inc., 7 So. 3d 1132 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009).
Sam Rodgers Props., Inc. v. Chmura, 61 So. 3d 432 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011).
— 713.31(2)(c) — 15 cases
Newman v. Guerra, 208 So. 3d 314 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017). “Overall, the court concluded that the contractor’s claim of lien “was compiled with such willful and gross negligence that it amounted to a willful exaggeration and should be deemed a fraudulent lien under Fla. Stat. § 713.31 .” The court discharged the lien, but reserved…”
Wells v. Halmac Dev., Inc., 189 So. 3d 1015 (Fla. 3d DCA 2016). “[and] that he was entitled to attorney’s fees as the prevailing party under Florida Statute § 713.31.” 4 Further, the court found, Castro “brought a color-able claim to be determined the prevailing party under the authority of Hollub .”
Sharrard v. Ligon, 892 So. 2d 1092 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004). “Section 713.31(2) makes a fraudulent lien unenforceable and gives the owner a claim for compensatory damages, costs, attorney's fees, and punitive damages against a contractor who files a fraudulent lien.”
Martin v. Jack Yanks Const. Co., 650 So. 2d 120 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995).
Delta Painting, Inc. v. Baumann, 710 So. 2d 663 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998). “The claim of fraudulent lien in this case is governed by section 713.31, Florida Statutes (1991). In construing an earlier version of this statute, this court said that "[t]he inclusion of items not authorized by change orders or by contract renders the lien fraudulent and…”
— 713.31(3) — 1 case
Delta Painting, Inc. v. Baumann, 710 So. 2d 663 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998). “The claim of fraudulent lien in this case is governed by section 713.31, Florida Statutes (1991). In construing an earlier version of this statute, this court said that "[t]he inclusion of items not authorized by change orders or by contract renders the lien fraudulent and…”
— 713.31(c)(2) — 1 case
Fairway Golfview Homes, Inc. v. Kecskes (In Re Kecskes), 136 B.R. 578 (Bankr. S.D. Florida 1992).
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