Florida Statutes

Fla. Stat. § 812.012 (2025)

Definitions.

✓ 2025 Florida Statutes — current through the 2025 Regular Session

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812.012 Definitions.—As used in ss. 812.012-812.037:

(1) “Cargo” means partial or entire shipments, containers, or cartons of property which are contained in or on a trailer, motortruck, aircraft, vessel, warehouse, freight station, freight consolidation facility, or air navigation facility.

(2) “Dealer in property” means any person in the business of buying and selling property.

(3) “Obtains or uses” means any manner of:

(a) Taking or exercising control over property.

(b) Making any unauthorized use, disposition, or transfer of property.

(d)1. Conduct previously known as stealing; larceny; purloining; abstracting; embezzlement; misapplication; misappropriation; conversion; or obtaining money or property by false pretenses, fraud, or deception; or

2. Other conduct similar in nature.

(4) “Property” means anything of value, and includes:

(a) Real property, including things growing on, affixed to, and found in land.

(b) Tangible or intangible personal property, including rights, privileges, interests, and claims.

(5) “Property of another” means property in which a person has an interest upon which another person is not privileged to infringe without consent, whether or not the other person also has an interest in the property.

(6) “Services” means anything of value resulting from a person’s physical or mental labor or skill, or from the use, possession, or presence of property, and includes:

(a) Repairs or improvements to property.

(b) Professional services.

(d) Lodging accommodations.

(e) Admissions to places of exhibition or entertainment.

(7) “Stolen property” means property that has been the subject of any criminally wrongful taking.

(8) “Traffic” means:

(a) To sell, transfer, distribute, dispense, or otherwise dispose of property.

(b) To buy, receive, possess, obtain control of, or use property with the intent to sell, transfer, distribute, dispense, or otherwise dispose of such property.

(9) “Enterprise” means any individual, sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, business trust, union chartered under the laws of this state, or other legal entity, or any unchartered union, association, or group of individuals associated in fact although not a legal entity.

(10) “Value” means value determined according to any of the following:

(a)1. Value means the market value of the property at the time and place of the offense or, if such cannot be satisfactorily ascertained, the cost of replacement of the property within a reasonable time after the offense.

2. The value of a written instrument that does not have a readily ascertainable market value, in the case of an instrument such as a check, draft, or promissory note, is the amount due or collectible or is, in the case of any other instrument which creates, releases, discharges, or otherwise affects any valuable legal right, privilege, or obligation, the greatest amount of economic loss that the owner of the instrument might reasonably suffer by virtue of the loss of the instrument.

3. The value of a trade secret that does not have a readily ascertainable market value is any reasonable value representing the damage to the owner, suffered by reason of losing an advantage over those who do not know of or use the trade secret.

(b) If the value of property cannot be ascertained, the trier of fact may find the value to be not less than a certain amount; if no such minimum value can be ascertained, the value is an amount less than $100.

(c) Amounts of value of separate properties involved in thefts committed pursuant to one scheme or course of conduct, whether the thefts are from the same person or from several persons, may be aggregated in determining the grade of the offense.

History.—s. 3, ch. 77-342; s. 292, ch. 79-400; s. 1, ch. 81-85; s. 1, ch. 2001-115.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 248 cases (5 in the last 5 years), 1978–2025 · leading case: Marrero v. State, 71 So. 3d 881 (Fla. 2011).

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Marrero v. State, 71 So. 3d 881 (Fla. 2011). · cites it 11× “1 Section 812.012, Florida Statutes (2010), which defines specific terms used in sections 812.”

Stand. Jury Inst. in Cr. Cases No. 2006-2, 962 So. 2d 310 (Fla. 2007). · cites it 10× “§ 812.012(3), Fla. Stat. "Property" means anything of value, and includes: real property, including things growing on, affixed to and found in land; tangible or intangible personal property, including rights, privileges, interests, and claims; and services.”

In Re Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases-report No. 2015-04, 190 So. 3d 614 (Fla. 2016). · cites it 19× “§ 812.012(1), Fla. Stat. “Cargó” means partial or entire shipments, containers, or cartons of property which are contained in or on a trailer, motortruck, aircraft, vessel, warehouse, freight, station, freight consolidation facility, or air navigation facility.”

In Re Stan. Jury Instr. in Crim. Cases, 543 So. 2d 1205 (Fla. 1989). · cites it 9× “Definitions; "Obtains or uses" means any manner of: give if applicable F.S. 812.012(2) (a) Taking or exercising control over property.”

In re Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases—Report No. 2012-01, 109 So. 3d 721 (Fla. 2013). · cites it 9× “§ 812.012^), Fla. Stat. “Property” means anything of value, and includes: [real property, including things growing on, affixed to and found in land.”

In Re Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases, 911 So. 2d 766 (Fla. 2005). · cites it 10× “Definitions; give if applicable § 812.012(1), Fla. Stat. "Cargo" means partial or entire shipments, containers, or cartons of property which are contained in or on a trailer, motortruck, aircraft, vessel, warehouse, freight station, freight consolidation facility, or air…”

In Re Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases-No. 2007-11, 986 So. 2d 563 (Fla. 2008). · cites it 10× “§ 812.012(1), Fla. Stat. "Cargo" means partial or entire shipments, containers, or cartons of property which are contained in or on a trailer, motortruck, aircraft, vessel, warehouse, freight station, freight consolidation facility, or air navigation facility.”

Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases-Submission 2002-1, 850 So. 2d 1272 (Fla. 2003). · cites it 6× “§ 812.012(3 2), FlaStat. “Obtains or uses” means any manner of: (a) Taking or exercising control over property.”

Brewer v. State, 413 So. 2d 1217 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982). · cites it 4× “See section 812.012(2), Florida Statutes (1979).”

Blackmon v. State, 121 So. 3d 535 (Fla. 2013). · cites it 5× “77-342, Laws of Florida; §§ 812.012-812.037, Fla. Stat.. (1977). “The legislative history of chapter 77-342 reveals that the Florida Anti-Fencing Act was adapted from a model theft and fenc- *541 mg act developed by G.”

In Re Jury Inst. in Cr. Cases (No. 2004-1), 915 So. 2d 609 (Fla. 2005). · cites it 10× “Definitions; give if applicable § 812.012(1), Fla. Stat. "Cargo" means partial or entire shipments, containers, or cartons of property which are contained in or on a trailer, motortruck, aircraft, vessel, warehouse, freight station, freight consolidation facility, or air…”

Nijhawan v. Holder, 557 U.S. 29 (2009). “, Fla. Stat. Ann. §§812.012 (1994), 812.014 (West Supp.”

Show all 248 citing cases →

— 812.012(1) — 9 cases

Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases-Submission 2002-1, 850 So. 2d 1272 (Fla. 2003). “§ 812.012(3 2), FlaStat. “Obtains or uses” means any manner of: (a) Taking or exercising control over property.”

In re Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases—Report No. 2012-01, 109 So. 3d 721 (Fla. 2013). “§ 812.012^), Fla. Stat. “Property” means anything of value, and includes: [real property, including things growing on, affixed to and found in land.”

In Re Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases, 911 So. 2d 766 (Fla. 2005). “Definitions; give if applicable § 812.012(1), Fla. Stat. "Cargo" means partial or entire shipments, containers, or cartons of property which are contained in or on a trailer, motortruck, aircraft, vessel, warehouse, freight station, freight consolidation facility, or air…”

In Re Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases-No. 2007-11, 986 So. 2d 563 (Fla. 2008). “§ 812.012(1), Fla. Stat. "Cargo" means partial or entire shipments, containers, or cartons of property which are contained in or on a trailer, motortruck, aircraft, vessel, warehouse, freight station, freight consolidation facility, or air navigation facility.”

In Re Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases-report No. 2015-04, 190 So. 3d 614 (Fla. 2016). “§ 812.012(1), Fla. Stat. “Cargó” means partial or entire shipments, containers, or cartons of property which are contained in or on a trailer, motortruck, aircraft, vessel, warehouse, freight, station, freight consolidation facility, or air navigation facility.”

— 812.012(10) — 13 cases

Marrero v. State, 71 So. 3d 881 (Fla. 2011). “1 Section 812.012, Florida Statutes (2010), which defines specific terms used in sections 812.”

In Re Stand. Jury Instructions in Crim. Cases— Report No. 2013-03, 146 So. 3d 1110 (Fla. 2014).

— 812.012(10)(a) — 33 cases

Salvatore Bagnara v. State of Florida, 189 So. 3d 167 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016).

Smith v. State, 955 So. 2d 1227 (Fla. 5th DCA 2007).

James Tindal v. State, 145 So. 3d 915 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014).

Lucky v. State, 25 So. 3d 691 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010).

Anthony Keith Council v. State of Florida, 206 So. 3d 155 (Fla. 1st DCA 2016).

— 812.012(10)(a)(1) — 12 cases

Jones v. State, 958 So. 2d 585 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007).

K.W. v. State, 13 So. 3d 90 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009).

Colletti v. State, 74 So. 3d 497 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011).

Ellis v. State, 157 So. 3d 467 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015).

Jorge Alfaro v. The State of Florida (Fla. 3d DCA 2023).

— 812.012(10)(a)(l) — 14 cases

Sanchez v. State, 101 So. 3d 1283 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012).

Carter v. State, 77 So. 3d 849 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012).

Newland v. State, 117 So. 3d 482 (Fla. 2d DCA 2013).

K.W. v. State, 983 So. 2d 713 (Fla. 2d DCA 2008).

Johnie Akwan Walker v. State of Florida, 191 So. 3d 949 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016).

— 812.012(10)(b) — 19 cases

Marrero v. State, 71 So. 3d 881 (Fla. 2011). “1 Section 812.012, Florida Statutes (2010), which defines specific terms used in sections 812.”

Colletti v. State, 74 So. 3d 497 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011).

K.W. v. State, 13 So. 3d 90 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009).

M.K., a child v. State of Florida, 143 So. 3d 428 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014).

A.D. v. State, 30 So. 3d 676 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010).

— 812.012(10)(c) — 2 cases

Sebastiano v. State, 14 So. 3d 1160 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009).

Nooe v. State, 930 So. 2d 579 (Fla. 2006).

— 812.012(2) — 22 cases

Brewer v. State, 413 So. 2d 1217 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982). “See section 812.012(2), Florida Statutes (1979).”

Jones v. State, 666 So. 2d 960 (Fla. 3d DCA 1996).

State v. Dunmann, 427 So. 2d 166 (Fla. 1983).

Stand. Jury Instructions-Crim. Cases, 603 So. 2d 1175 (Fla. 1992).

Dunnigan v. State, 364 So. 2d 1217 (Fla. 1978).

— 812.012(2)(a) — 3 cases

Martin v. State, 379 So. 2d 179 (Fla. 1st DCA 1980).

E.L.S. v. State, 547 So. 2d 298 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989).

ELS v. State, 547 So. 2d 298 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989).

— 812.012(2)(b) — 2 cases

E.L.S. v. State, 547 So. 2d 298 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989).

ELS v. State, 547 So. 2d 298 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989).

— 812.012(2)(c) — 6 cases

State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Pridgen, 498 So. 2d 1245 (Fla. 1986).

Korman v. Iglesias, 736 F. Supp. 261 (S.D. Fla. 1990).

Beal v. State, 620 So. 2d 1015 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993).

Moore Bus. Forms, Inc. v. Iberoamerican Elec., S.R.L., 698 So. 2d 611 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997).

Pridgen v. Bill Terry's Inc., 478 So. 2d 837 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985).

— 812.012(2)(d) — 12 cases

Senfeld v. Bank of Nova Scotia Trust Co., 450 So. 2d 1157 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984).

Dunnigan v. State, 364 So. 2d 1217 (Fla. 1978).

State v. Siegel, 778 So. 2d 426 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001).

Bowling v. Dep't of Ins., 394 So. 2d 165 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981).

Polo v. Horgan, 828 F. Supp. 961 (S.D. Fla. 1993).

— 812.012(2)(d)(1) — 4 cases

State v. Lahurd, 632 So. 2d 1101 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994).

Roush v. State, 413 So. 2d 15 (Fla. 1982).

Refined Sugars Inc. v. S. Commodity Corp., 709 F. Supp. 1117 (S.D. Fla. 1988).

St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. PENSACOLA DIAG. CTR., 505 So. 2d 513 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987).

— 812.012(2)(d)(l) — 1 case

Pensacola Diagnostic Ctr. v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins., 14 Fla. Supp. 2d 152 (Fla. Cir. Ct. 1985).

— 812.012(2)(e) — 1 case

Korman v. Iglesias, 736 F. Supp. 261 (S.D. Fla. 1990).

— 812.012(3) — 24 cases

Stand. Jury Inst. in Cr. Cases No. 2006-2, 962 So. 2d 310 (Fla. 2007). “§ 812.012(3), Fla. Stat. "Property" means anything of value, and includes: real property, including things growing on, affixed to and found in land; tangible or intangible personal property, including rights, privileges, interests, and claims; and services.”

In Re Stan. Jury Instr. in Crim. Cases, 543 So. 2d 1205 (Fla. 1989). “Definitions; "Obtains or uses" means any manner of: give if applicable F.S. 812.012(2) (a) Taking or exercising control over property.”

— 812.012(3)(a) — 8 cases

Blackmon v. State, 121 So. 3d 535 (Fla. 2013). “77-342, Laws of Florida; §§ 812.012-812.037, Fla. Stat.. (1977). “The legislative history of chapter 77-342 reveals that the Florida Anti-Fencing Act was adapted from a model theft and fenc- *541 mg act developed by G.”

Balcor Prop. Mgt. v. Ahronovitz, 634 So. 2d 277 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994).

Burr v. Norris, 667 So. 2d 424 (Fla. 2d DCA 1996).

M.D.S. v. State, 982 So. 2d 1282 (Fla. 2d DCA 2008).

Walls v. State, 184 So. 3d 1151 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015).

— 812.012(3)(b) — 4 cases

Burr v. Norris, 667 So. 2d 424 (Fla. 2d DCA 1996).

Miller v. Wallace Intern. Trucks, Inc., 532 So. 2d 1276 (Fla. 2d DCA 1988).

Crow v. State, 392 So. 2d 919 (Fla. 1st DCA 1980).

Douglas S. Livingston v. State, 154 So. 3d 1171 (Fla. 4th DCA 2015).

— 812.012(3)(c) — 7 cases

Thomas v. Hertz Corp., 890 So. 2d 448 (Fla. 3d DCA 2004).

Segal v. State, 98 So. 3d 739 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012).

Henry v. State, 133 So. 3d 1034 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014).

Chisholm & Co. v. Bank of Jamaica, 643 F. Supp. 1393 (S.D. Fla. 1986).

Weaver v. State, 981 So. 2d 508 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008).

— 812.012(3)(d) — 3 cases

Lewis v. Morgan, 79 So. 3d 926 (Fla. 1st DCA 2012).

Rhodes v. O. Turner & Co., LLC, 117 So. 3d 872 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013).

Weaver v. State, 981 So. 2d 508 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008).

— 812.012(4) — 11 cases

Thomas v. State, 584 So. 2d 1022 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991).

State v. Lahurd, 632 So. 2d 1101 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994).

— 812.012(4)(c) — 1 case

Urbanik v. State, 802 So. 2d 511 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001).

— 812.012(5) — 2 cases

State v. Imber, 223 So. 3d 1070 (Fla. 2d DCA 2017).

— 812.012(5)(a) — 1 case

Burr v. Norris, 667 So. 2d 424 (Fla. 2d DCA 1996).

— 812.012(6) — 15 cases

— 812.012(7) — 18 cases

Hall v. State, 826 So. 2d 268 (Fla. 2002).

State v. Camp, 596 So. 2d 1055 (Fla. 1992).

— 812.012(7)(a) — 5 cases

Scalf v. State, 573 So. 2d 202 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991).

Hudson v. State, 408 So. 2d 224 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981).

Coley v. State, 391 So. 2d 725 (Fla. 1st DCA 1980).

Blake v. State, 444 So. 2d 1054 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984).

State v. Sultan, 443 So. 2d 1058 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984).

— 812.012(7)(b) — 3 cases

Dixon v. State, 541 So. 2d 637 (Fla. 1st DCA 1989).

Lancaster v. State, 369 So. 2d 687 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979).

Blake v. State, 444 So. 2d 1054 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984).

— 812.012(8) — 7 cases

Hale v. State, 838 So. 2d 1185 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003).

Gonzalez v. State, 948 So. 2d 892 (Fla. 5th DCA 2007).

Neals v. State, 962 So. 2d 926 (Fla. 4th DCA 2007).

Brose v. State, 32 So. 3d 144 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010).

Finkelstein v. Se. Bank, NA, 490 So. 2d 976 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986).

— 812.012(8)(a) — 6 cases

Williams v. State, 121 So. 3d 524 (Fla. 2013).

Bradley v. State, 174 So. 3d 1052 (Fla. 5th DCA 2015).

Rodriguez v. State (Fla. 2d DCA 2017).

Horvath v. State, 217 So. 3d 1045 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017).

— 812.012(8)(b) — 1 case

Williams v. State, 121 So. 3d 524 (Fla. 2013).

— 812.012(9) — 5 cases

Randolph v. State, 608 So. 2d 573 (Fla. 5th DCA 1992).

Nooe v. State, 892 So. 2d 1135 (Fla. 5th DCA 2005).

Tobe v. State, 435 So. 2d 401 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983).

Wright v. State, 626 So. 2d 299 (Fla. 5th DCA 1993).

— 812.012(9)(a) — 8 cases

Jackson v. State, 413 So. 2d 112 (Fla. 2d DCA 1982).

S.M.M. v. State, 569 So. 2d 1339 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990).

Johnson v. State, 490 So. 2d 182 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986).

Emshwiller v. State, 443 So. 2d 343 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983).

Ramos v. State, 864 So. 2d 1250 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004).

— 812.012(9)(a)(1) — 3 cases

Doane v. State, 847 So. 2d 1015 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003).

Cofield v. State, 474 So. 2d 849 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985).

Robinson v. State, 686 So. 2d 1370 (Fla. 5th DCA 1997).

— 812.012(9)(b) — 8 cases

Marrero v. State, 71 So. 3d 881 (Fla. 2011). “1 Section 812.012, Florida Statutes (2010), which defines specific terms used in sections 812.”

Swain v. State, 455 So. 2d 533 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984).

Jackson v. State, 413 So. 2d 112 (Fla. 2d DCA 1982).

Randolph v. State, 608 So. 2d 573 (Fla. 5th DCA 1992).

Ramos v. State, 864 So. 2d 1250 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004).

— 812.012(9)(c) — 7 cases

State v. Diaz, 814 So. 2d 466 (Fla. 3d DCA 2002).

Snyder v. State, 715 So. 2d 367 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998).

Nooe v. State, 892 So. 2d 1135 (Fla. 5th DCA 2005).

State v. Scarfo, 465 So. 2d 1347 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985).

Watts v. State, 440 So. 2d 505 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983).

— 812.012(c) — 1 case

Green v. State, 90 So. 3d 835 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012).

— 812.012(l)(c) — 1 case

Hebert v. State, 25 So. 3d 612 (Fla. 1st DCA 2009).

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