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2018 Georgia Code 48-5-20 | Car Wreck Lawyer

TITLE 48 REVENUE AND TAXATION

Section 5. Ad Valorem Taxation of Property, 48-5-1 through 48-5-607.

ARTICLE 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

48-5-20. Effect of failure to return taxable property; acquisition of real property by transfer; penalty for failure to make timely return.

    1. Any taxpayer of any county who returned or paid taxes in the county for the preceding tax year and who fails to return his property for taxation for the current tax year as required by this chapter shall be deemed to have returned for taxation the same property as was returned or deemed to have been returned in the preceding tax year at the same valuation as the property was finally determined to be subject to taxation in the preceding year.Each such taxpayer shall also be deemed to have claimed the same homestead exemption and personal property exemption as allowed in the preceding year.
    2. Any taxpayer of any county who acquired real property by transfer in the preceding tax year for which a properly completed real estate transfer tax form has been filed and the real estate transfer tax required under Article 1 of Chapter 6 of this title has been paid, and where no subdivision of the real property has occurred at the time of transfer, shall be deemed to have returned for taxation the same real property as was acquired by transfer at the same valuation as the real property was finally determined to be subject to taxation in the preceding year.Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to relieve the taxpayer of the responsibility to file a new timely claim for a homestead exemption and personal property exemption or to file a timely return where improvements have been made to the real property since it was last returned for taxation.
  1. Any penalty prescribed by this title or by any other law for the failure of a taxpayer to return his property for taxation within the time provided by law shall apply only to the property:
    1. Which the taxpayer did not return prior to the expiration of the time for making returns; and
    2. Which the taxpayer has acquired since his last tax return or which represents improvements on existing property since his last return.
  2. Reserved.

(Code 1933, § 92-6202.1, enacted by Ga. L. 1969, p. 960, § 1; Ga. L. 1970, p. 278, § 1; Code 1933, § 91A-1015, enacted by Ga. L. 1978, p. 309, § 2; Ga. L. 1992, p. 1643, § 2; Ga. L. 1994, p. 237, § 2.)

Law reviews.

- For article, "Procedure and Problems in Georgia Ad Valorem Tax Appeals," see 26 Ga. St. B. J. 98 (1990). For survey article on real property law for the period from June 1, 2002 to May 31, 2003, see 55 Mercer L. Rev. 397 (2003).

JUDICIAL DECISIONS

Failure to itemize specific property interests.

- After an owner of mineral rights entered into an agreement with the county where the property was located to pay lump-sum taxes without itemizing the specific property interests, the agreement did not meet the requirements of O.C.G.A. § 48-5-15(c), nor did it constitute payment of taxes due within the meaning of O.C.G.A. § 44-5-168. Georgia Marble Co. v. Whitlock, 260 Ga. 350, 392 S.E.2d 881 (1990), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 1025, 111 S. Ct. 675, 112 L. Ed. 2d 667 (1991).

O.C.G.A. § 48-5-20 does not empower a county board of tax assessors to reassess property that has been automatically returned and the taxes paid as the equivalent of unreturned property, even though the property owner violated an affirmative duty to make an actual return. Cobb County Bd. of Tax Assessors v. Morrison, 249 Ga. App. 691, 548 S.E.2d 624 (2001).

Failure to make return of improvements.

- Automatic refiling of a prior return does not exempt property owners from the duty to make a return of any improvements or subdivision of the property; however, such provision does not empower a county board of tax assessors to treat such under returned fair market value as unreturned because no statute expressly grants such power. Cobb County Bd. of Tax Assessors v. Morrison, 249 Ga. App. 691, 548 S.E.2d 624 (2001).

Failure to indicate fair market value on return.

- When a taxpayer sold improvements on the taxpayer's property, then filed a return in which the taxpayer left blank the area for "market value," it was not entitled to a refund under O.C.G.A. § 48-5-380, as under O.C.G.A. § 48-5-6, returns had to state fair market value; a county was not required to interpret the taxpayer's silence on market value as a declaration that there was no value, and under O.C.G.A. § 48-5-20(a)(1), a taxpayer who failed to return taxable property in a given year was deemed to have returned the property at the same valuation as applied the preceding year. Int'l Auto Processing, Inc. v. Glynn County, 287 Ga. App. 431, 651 S.E.2d 535 (2007).

Valuation of property not based on valuation of Form PT-61.

- In connection with the purchase of real property at a tax sale, the value of the property shown on the Form PT-61 did not trump the county tax commissioner's valuation because the proper value to be assigned to the property was the same valuation as in prior years, not the amount shown on Form PT-61. In re Powell-Garvey Co., Bankr. (Bankr. S.D. Ga. June 13, 2006).

Right of arbitration as to property automatically returned.

- If property is automatically returned under this statute, and no change is made by the tax assessors, then there is no legal right to arbitration. Security-Morosgo Apts., Inc. v. City of Atlanta, 230 Ga. 117, 196 S.E.2d 17 (1973).

Document filed as a "class return" by taxpayers is ineffective, since there are no provisions of law for such a return. The members of that class of taxpayers who have the remedy of class arbitration and who do not file individual returns within the time provided by law are deemed to have returned their property at the assessment placed upon the property for the previous year. Callaway v. Carswell, 240 Ga. 579, 242 S.E.2d 103 (1978).

Return held improper.

- Trial court erred in awarding a property owner $7,515.00 in attorney fees under O.C.G.A. § 48-5-311(g)(4)(B)(ii) against a county board of tax assessors after a jury valued the property in question substantially lower than the board's valuation; the record did not support the trial court's conclusion that the property was returned for taxation by operation of law pursuant to O.C.G.A. § 48-5-20(a)(2), and the board did not waive the board's objection to the fees because the trial court did not hold a hearing on the issue of the attorney's fees, O.C.G.A. § 9-11-46(a), and the board therefore did not have an opportunity to object to the award. Fulton County Bd. of Tax Assessors v. Butner, 258 Ga. App. 68, 573 S.E.2d 100 (2002).

Underpayment of taxes based on automatic tax return.

- Following a bench trial, an order was issued establishing the 1997 fair market value of the taxpayer's property at a value of $4,709,000.00, which was an amount greater than the value set by the board of equalization; however, when the taxpayer paid taxes in 1997, 1998, and 1999, the taxpayer did so based on the board of equalization's 1997 valuation and because the 1997 value of the taxpayer's property was finally determined to be $4,709,000.00, the taxpayer automatically returned the property in 1998 and 1999 at that value and thus, the taxpayer underpaid the taxpayer's taxes for the 1997, 1998, and 1999 tax years and the tax assessors were entitled to summary judgment finding that the taxpayer had underpaid the taxpayer's taxes and owed additional sums. Pine Pointe Hous., L. P. v. Bd. of Tax Assessors, 269 Ga. App. 855, 605 S.E.2d 443 (2004).

Tax return not required.

- As a taxpayer did not pay the prior year's taxes, the taxes paid by the taxpayer for the prior year were deemed the taxpayer's tax return for the tax year under O.C.G.A. § 48-5-20(a)(2), so the taxpayer was not required to file a separate tax return on the taxpayer's property, and the taxpayer's late return was a nullity; therefore, upon the taxpayer's successful appeal of an assessment of the taxpayer's property, an award of costs and attorneys fees was mandatory under O.C.G.A. § 48-5-311(g)(4)(B)(ii). Simmons v. Bd. of Tax Assessors, 268 Ga. App. 411, 602 S.E.2d 213 (2004).

OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

Applicability to claims to the increased homestead exemption.

- General Assembly did not intend this statute to apply to persons claiming the increased homestead exemption provided for in Ga. Const. 1945, Art. VII, Sec. I, Para. IV (see now Ga. Const. 1983, Art. VII, Sec. II, Para. I-IV); this statute does not eliminate the requirement that persons claiming the increased homestead exemption file an annual application for such exemption. 1969 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 69-236; 1969 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 69-459.

RESEARCH REFERENCES

Am. Jur. 2d.

- 72 Am. Jur. 2d, State and Local Taxation, § 625.

Cases Citing O.C.G.A. § 48-5-20

Total Results: 3  |  Sort by: Relevance  |  Newest First

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Blevins v. Dade Cnty. Bd. of Tax Assessors, 702 S.E.2d 145 (Ga. 2010).

Cited 19 times | Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | Nov 1, 2010 | 288 Ga. 113, 2010 Fulton County D. Rep. 3484

...23, 39, 694 S.E.2d 83 (2010) (Nahmias, J., concurring specially) (citation and punctuation omitted). The terms "improvements" or "improvements to the homestead" are used frequently in our Revenue Code, including in other homestead exemption statutes, and have never been deemed unconstitutionally vague. See, e.g., OCGA § 48-5-20(a)(2) (imposing burden on taxpayer to "file a new timely claim for a homestead exemption ......
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Georgia Marble Co. v. Whitlock, 392 S.E.2d 881 (Ga. 1990).

Cited 19 times | Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | Jul 5, 1990 | 260 Ga. 350

...980 to 1987. (b) Georgia Marble argues that, even if it did not specifically return its interest for the tax years 1980 to 1987, it did specifically return that interest in prior years. According to Georgia Marble, it was therefore deemed under OCGA § 48-5-20 (a) to have returned that mineral interest on the ground the interest had been returned before 1980. However, the evidence shows that Georgia Marble did not return its interest in the Whitlock property before 1980. Accordingly, § 48-5-20 (a) has no application to this case....
...[3] Not presented by the facts of this case is the issue whether tax payments made pursuant to such agreements can constitute the payment of taxes due on property that previously had been returned specifically (and thus are deemed to be returned year after year under § 48-5-20 (a)) or on property that a taxpayer notified the taxing authorities of when such an agreement was entered....
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James F. Nelson, Jr. Fam. Ltd. P'ship v. Miller, 479 S.E.2d 737 (Ga. 1997).

Cited 5 times | Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | Jan 21, 1997 | 267 Ga. 466, 97 Fulton County D. Rep. 212

...Contrary to Miller's "understanding," the law does impose upon him a requirement to return his property for taxation and further provides that, only when his property has been returned, will his property thereafter be deemed returned in succeeding years. OCGA §§ 48-5-10, 48-5-15, 48-5-20(a)....