Me. Rev. Stat. » Title 17-A
Maine Revised Statutes

Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 17-A, § 1101 (2026)

Definitions

✓ current as of May 2026
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As used in this Title, the following words shall, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, have the following meanings.   [PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
1.  "Marijuana" includes the leaves, stems, flowers and seeds of all species of the plant genus Cannabis, whether growing or not; but does not include the resin extracted from any part of such plant and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture or preparation from such resin including hashish and does not include the mature stalks of such plant, fiber produced from such stalks, oil or cake made from the seeds of such plant, any other compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture or preparation of such mature stalks, fiber, oil or cake or the sterilized seed of such plant that is incapable of germination. "Marijuana" does not include hemp as defined in Title 7, section 2231, subsection 1‑A, paragraph D.  
[RR 2021, c. 2, Pt. A, §35 (COR).]
1-A. 
[PL 2013, c. 341, §1 (RP).]
1-B. 
[PL 2013, c. 341, §2 (RP).]
2.  "Hypodermic apparatus," hypodermic syringe, hypodermic needle or any instrument designed or adapted for the administration of any drug by injection.  
[PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
3.  "Isomer," the optical isomer, except wherever appropriate, the optical, position or geometric isomer.  
[PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
3-A. 
[PL 2013, c. 341, §3 (RP).]
3-B. 
[PL 2013, c. 341, §4 (RP).]
4.  "Manufacture," to produce, prepare, propagate, compound, convert or process, either directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of natural origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis.  
[PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
4-A.  "Methamphetamine precursor drug" means any drug or product possessed by a person that contains in the aggregate a quantity of more than 9 grams of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine or their salts, isomers or salts of isomers, either alone or in combination with other ingredients, in dry or solid nonliquid form.  
[PL 2005, c. 430, §1 (NEW); PL 2005, c. 430, §10 (AFF).]
5.  "Hashish" includes the resin extracted from any part of the cannabis plant and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture or preparation from such resin. "Hashish" does not include the resin extracted from hemp as defined in Title 7, section 2231, subsection 1‑A, paragraph D.  
[PL 2019, c. 528, §3 (AMD).]
6.  "Narcotic drug," any of the following, whether produced directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis, or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis:  
A. Opium and any opiate, and any salt, compound, derivative or preparation of opium or opiate;   [PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
B. Any salt, compound, isomer, ester, ether, derivative or preparation thereof which is chemically equivalent or identical to or with any of the substances referred to in paragraph A, but not including the isoquinoline alkaloids of opium; or   [PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
C. Opium poppy and poppy straw.   [PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
[PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
7.  "Opiate."  
A. Any substance having an analgesic and addiction forming or addiction sustaining property or liability similar to morphine or capable of conversion into a drug having such analgesic and addiction forming or addiction sustaining property or liability.   [PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
B. This term does not include, unless specifically designated or listed in Schedule W, X, Y or Z, the dextrorotatory isomer or 3-methoxy-n-methyl-morphinan and its salts, dextromethorphan, but does include its racemic and levorotatory forms.   [PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
[PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
8.  "Opium poppy," the plant of the species Papaver somniferum L., except its seeds.  
[PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
9.  "Poppy straw," all parts, except the seeds, of the opium poppy, after mowing.  
[PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
10.  "Prescription drug" means a drug which:  
A. Under federal law is required, prior to being dispensed or delivered, to be labeled with either of the following statements:  
(1) "Caution: Federal law prohibits dispensing without prescription."; or  
(2) "Caution: Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian."; or   [PL 1989, c. 384, §1 (NEW).]
B. Is required by an applicable federal or state law or rule to be dispensed on prescription only or is restricted to use by practitioners only.   [PL 1989, c. 384, §1 (NEW).]
[PL 1989, c. 384, §1 (RPR).]
11.  "Scheduled drug," any drug named or described in section 1102, schedule W, X, Y or Z.  
[PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
12.  "Schedule W drug," any drug named, listed or described in section 1102, schedule W.  
[PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
13.  "Schedule X drug," any drug named, listed or described in section 1102, schedule X.  
[PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
14.  "Schedule Y drug," any drug named, listed or described in section 1102, schedule Y.  
[PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
15.  "Schedule Z drug," any drug named, listed or described in section 1102, schedule Z.  
[PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
16.  "State laboratory," a laboratory of any state agency which is capable of performing any or all of the analyses that may be required to establish that a substance is a scheduled or a counterfeit drug, including, but not limited to, the laboratory of the State Department of Health and Human Services and any such laboratory that may be established within the Department of Public Safety.  
[PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW); PL 2003, c. 689, Pt. B, §6 (REV).]
16-A. 
[PL 2013, c. 194, §5 (RP).]
17.  "Traffick":  
A. To make, create, manufacture;   [PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW).]
B. To grow or cultivate, except for marijuana;   [PL 1999, c. 374, §1 (AMD).]
C. To sell, barter, trade, exchange or otherwise furnish for consideration; or   [PL 2021, c. 396, §1 (AMD).]
D. To possess with the intent to do any act mentioned in paragraph C.   [PL 2021, c. 396, §1 (AMD).]
E. [PL 2021, c. 396, §1 (RP).]
F. [PL 2021, c. 396, §1 (RP).]
[PL 2021, c. 396, §1 (AMD).]
18.  "Furnish":  
A. To furnish, give, dispense, administer, prescribe, deliver or otherwise transfer to another; or   [PL 2021, c. 396, §2 (AMD).]
B. To possess with the intent to do any act mentioned in paragraph A.   [PL 2021, c. 396, §2 (AMD).]
C. [PL 2021, c. 396, §2 (RP).]
D. [PL 2021, c. 396, §2 (RP).]
[PL 2021, c. 396, §2 (AMD).]
19.  "Imitation scheduled drug," a substance that is not a scheduled drug and which was not obtained by valid medical prescription, but which, by dosage unit appearance or by representations made, would lead a reasonable person to believe that the substance was a scheduled drug.  
[PL 1981, c. 603, §1 (NEW).]
20.  "Dosage unit," that unit of measurement which is equivalent to an average adult dose.  
[PL 1981, c. 603, §1 (NEW).]
21.  "Cultivate" means to sow a seed; to grow, raise or tend a plant; to harvest a plant; or to knowingly possess a plant.  
[PL 1999, c. 239, §1 (NEW).]
22. 
[PL 2019, c. 528, §4 (RP).]
22-A.  "Hemp" has the same meaning as in Title 7, section 2231, subsection 1‑A, paragraph D.  
[PL 2019, c. 528, §5 (NEW).]
23.  "Safe zone" means an athletic field, park, playground or recreational facility that is designated as a safe zone by a municipality pursuant to Title 30‑A, section 3253.  
[PL 2005, c. 415, §1 (NEW).]
24.  "Fentanyl powder" means any compound, mixture or preparation, in granular or powder form, containing fentanyl or any derivative of fentanyl listed in section 1102, subsection 1, paragraph I in any quantity.  
[PL 2017, c. 274, §1 (AMD).]
25.  Cocaine.  "Cocaine" means:  
A. Coca leaves, except coca leaves and extracts of coca leaves from which cocaine, ecgonine and derivatives of ecgonine and their salts have been removed; or   [PL 2017, c. 432, Pt. E, §1 (NEW).]
B. A mixture or preparation that contains any quantity of any of the following substances:  
(1) Cocaine, its salts, optical and geometric isomers and salts of isomers;  
(2) Ecgonine, its derivatives, their salts, isomers and salts of isomers; or  
(3) Cocaine base, which is the alkaloid form of cocaine.   [PL 2017, c. 432, Pt. E, §1 (NEW).]
[PL 2017, c. 432, Pt. E, §1 (NEW).]
26.  Heroin.  "Heroin" means any compound, mixture or preparation containing heroin (diacetylmorphine) in any quantity.  
[PL 2017, c. 432, Pt. E, §1 (NEW).]
SECTION HISTORY
PL 1975, c. 293, §4 (AMD). PL 1975, c. 499, §1 (NEW). PL 1975, c. 740, §§96,97 (AMD). PL 1977, c. 647, §1 (AMD). PL 1981, c. 603, §1 (AMD). PL 1983, c. 775 (AMD). PL 1989, c. 384, §1 (AMD). PL 1997, c. 481, §1 (AMD). PL 1999, c. 239, §1 (AMD). PL 1999, c. 374, §1 (AMD). PL 1999, c. 453, §§1-5 (AMD). PL 2003, c. 61, §1 (AMD). PL 2003, c. 689, §B6 (REV). PL 2005, c. 415, §1 (AMD). PL 2005, c. 430, §1 (AMD). PL 2005, c. 430, §10 (AFF). PL 2011, c. 428, §§1-4 (AMD). PL 2011, c. 428, §9 (AFF). PL 2011, c. 465, §5 (AMD). PL 2011, c. 578, §§1, 2 (AMD). PL 2013, c. 194, §5 (AMD). PL 2013, c. 341, §§1-4 (AMD). PL 2015, c. 346, §§1-3 (AMD). PL 2015, c. 496, §§1, 2 (AMD). PL 2017, c. 274, §1 (AMD). PL 2017, c. 432, Pt. E, §1 (AMD). PL 2019, c. 12, Pt. B, §2 (AMD). PL 2019, c. 528, §§2-5 (AMD). PL 2021, c. 396, §§1, 2 (AMD). RR 2021, c. 2, Pt. A, §35 (COR).
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Notes of Decisions
Cited in 43 cases (7 in the last 5 years), 1976–2025 · leading case: State of Maine v. Dale M. Pinkham Sr., 2016 ME 59 (Me. 2016).
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State of Maine v. Dale M. Pinkham Sr., 2016 ME 59 (Me. 2016). · cites it 8× “Because he expressly pleaded guilty to the charge of trafficking based on possession of two grams or more of heroin, and not to any alternative manner of proof provided in 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17), we vacate the judgments of conviction on Counts I, II, and III and remand to the…”
State v. Woo, 2007 ME 151 (Me. 2007). · cites it 12× “" 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17)(A) (2006). "Manufacture" means "to produce, prepare, propagate, compound, convert or process, either directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of natural origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis.”
State of Maine v. Aaron S. Lowden, 2014 ME 29 (Me. 2014). · cites it 9× “” 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17)(A). To “[mjanufacture” means “to produce, prepare, propagate, compound, convert or process, either directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of natural origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis.”
State of Maine v. David Reckards, 2015 ME 31 (Me. 2015). · cites it 6× “) denying his motions to dismiss two criminal cases against him on the ground that the statute defining a “synthetic hallucinogenic drug,” 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(16-A)(O) (2012), is unconstitutionally vague.”
State of Maine v. Kashawn McLaughlin, 2018 ME 97 (Me. 2018). · cites it 3× “See 17-A M.R.S. §§ 1101 - 1102 (2017). The Legislature defined "cocaine" in the second of those statutes, section 1102(1)(F) : F.”
United States v. Oliveira, 287 F. Supp. 3d 97 (D. Me. 2017). · cites it 8× “Oliveira argues that possession with intent to do the acts in 17-A M.R.S. § 1101 (C), including "selling, bartering, trading, etc.”
State of Maine v. Damien Osborn, 2023 ME 19 (Me. 2023). · cites it 4× “” 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17)(F) (2018).5 The court ordered that the State could not use section 1106-A to aggregate the drug quantities seized on each of the three dates in Count 1 to reach a quantity of 5The definition of “trafficking” in 17-A M.”
State of Maine v. Pedro J. Rosario, 2022 ME 46 (Me. 2022). · cites it 3× “” 16 A 2021 amendment to 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17) removed paragraph F.”
State v. Huntley, 473 A.2d 859 (Me. 1984). · cites it 6× “); and 17-A M.R.S.A. § 1101 (defining "marijuana," "scheduled drug," "traffick," etc.”
State v. Moulton, 1997 ME 228 (Me. 1997). · cites it 2× “Although alcohol is not a scheduled drug within the meaning of 17-A M.R.S.A. § 1101, it arguably could fall within the second sentence’s definition of a “drug.”
State v. Peakes, 440 A.2d 350 (Me. 1982). · cites it 3× “2d 1336 (1981), 2 for the proposition that growing marijuana cannot be used to make up the weight required for conviction of trafficking under section 1103(3) because of the exception of growing marijuana from the definition of “traffick” under 17-A M.R.S.A. § 1101. 3 But Toppan…”
Dawkins v. State, 547 A.2d 1041 (Md. 1988). “§§ 40:961 to 40:995 (1977); Me.Rev.Stat.Ann. tit. 17-A §§ 1101 to 1116, tit.”
Show all 43 citing cases →
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 17-A, § 1101(1) — 1 case
State v. Pierce, 899 A.2d 801 (Me. 2006).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 17-A, § 1101(17) — 18 cases
State of Maine v. Pedro J. Rosario, 2022 ME 46 (Me. 2022). “” 16 A 2021 amendment to 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17) removed paragraph F.”
United States v. Oliveira, 287 F. Supp. 3d 97 (D. Me. 2017). “Oliveira argues that possession with intent to do the acts in 17-A M.R.S. § 1101 (C), including "selling, bartering, trading, etc.”
State of Maine v. Kashawn McLaughlin, 2018 ME 97 (Me. 2018). “See 17-A M.R.S. §§ 1101 - 1102 (2017). The Legislature defined "cocaine" in the second of those statutes, section 1102(1)(F) : F.”
State of Maine v. Dale M. Pinkham Sr., 2016 ME 59 (Me. 2016). “Because he expressly pleaded guilty to the charge of trafficking based on possession of two grams or more of heroin, and not to any alternative manner of proof provided in 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17), we vacate the judgments of conviction on Counts I, II, and III and remand to the…”
State v. Huntley, 473 A.2d 859 (Me. 1984). “); and 17-A M.R.S.A. § 1101 (defining "marijuana," "scheduled drug," "traffick," etc.”
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 17-A, § 1101(17)(A) — 5 cases
United States v. Oliveira, 287 F. Supp. 3d 97 (D. Me. 2017). “Oliveira argues that possession with intent to do the acts in 17-A M.R.S. § 1101 (C), including "selling, bartering, trading, etc.”
State v. Woo, 2007 ME 151 (Me. 2007). “" 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17)(A) (2006). "Manufacture" means "to produce, prepare, propagate, compound, convert or process, either directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of natural origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis.”
State of Maine v. Aaron S. Lowden, 2014 ME 29 (Me. 2014). “” 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17)(A). To “[mjanufacture” means “to produce, prepare, propagate, compound, convert or process, either directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of natural origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis.”
State of Maine v. Michael O. Fox, 2014 ME 136 (Me. 2014).
State of Maine v. John D. Schlosser, 2025 ME 76 (Me. 2025).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 17-A, § 1101(17)(B) — 2 cases
State v. Peakes, 440 A.2d 350 (Me. 1982). “2d 1336 (1981), 2 for the proposition that growing marijuana cannot be used to make up the weight required for conviction of trafficking under section 1103(3) because of the exception of growing marijuana from the definition of “traffick” under 17-A M.R.S.A. § 1101. 3 But Toppan…”
State v. Benner, 553 A.2d 219 (Me. 1989).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 17-A, § 1101(17)(C) — 10 cases
State of Maine v. Dale M. Pinkham Sr., 2016 ME 59 (Me. 2016). “Because he expressly pleaded guilty to the charge of trafficking based on possession of two grams or more of heroin, and not to any alternative manner of proof provided in 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17), we vacate the judgments of conviction on Counts I, II, and III and remand to the…”
State of Maine v. Pedro J. Rosario, 2022 ME 46 (Me. 2022). “” 16 A 2021 amendment to 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17) removed paragraph F.”
State v. Buchanan, 2007 ME 58 (Me. 2007).
State v. Van Sickle, 434 A.2d 31 (Me. 1981).
United States v. Oliveira, 287 F. Supp. 3d 97 (D. Me. 2017). “Oliveira argues that possession with intent to do the acts in 17-A M.R.S. § 1101 (C), including "selling, bartering, trading, etc.”
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 17-A, § 1101(17)(D) — 1 case
State v. Peakes, 440 A.2d 350 (Me. 1982). “2d 1336 (1981), 2 for the proposition that growing marijuana cannot be used to make up the weight required for conviction of trafficking under section 1103(3) because of the exception of growing marijuana from the definition of “traffick” under 17-A M.R.S.A. § 1101. 3 But Toppan…”
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 17-A, § 1101(17)(E) — 3 cases
State of Maine v. Dale M. Pinkham Sr., 2016 ME 59 (Me. 2016). “Because he expressly pleaded guilty to the charge of trafficking based on possession of two grams or more of heroin, and not to any alternative manner of proof provided in 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17), we vacate the judgments of conviction on Counts I, II, and III and remand to the…”
State of Maine v. Kashawn McLaughlin, 2018 ME 97 (Me. 2018). “See 17-A M.R.S. §§ 1101 - 1102 (2017). The Legislature defined "cocaine" in the second of those statutes, section 1102(1)(F) : F.”
United States v. Mulkern, 49 F.4th 623 (1st Cir. 2022).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 17-A, § 1101(17)(F) — 3 cases
State of Maine v. Damien Osborn, 2023 ME 19 (Me. 2023). “” 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17)(F) (2018).5 The court ordered that the State could not use section 1106-A to aggregate the drug quantities seized on each of the three dates in Count 1 to reach a quantity of 5The definition of “trafficking” in 17-A M.”
State of Maine v. Dale M. Pinkham Sr., 2016 ME 59 (Me. 2016). “Because he expressly pleaded guilty to the charge of trafficking based on possession of two grams or more of heroin, and not to any alternative manner of proof provided in 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17), we vacate the judgments of conviction on Counts I, II, and III and remand to the…”
State of Maine v. Calixte Fleury, 2025 ME 18 (Me. 2025).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 17-A, § 1101(18) — 2 cases
State v. Huntley, 473 A.2d 859 (Me. 1984). “); and 17-A M.R.S.A. § 1101 (defining "marijuana," "scheduled drug," "traffick," etc.”
State v. Deering, 1998 ME 23 (Me. 1998).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 17-A, § 1101(18)(B) — 1 case
State v. Deering, 1998 ME 23 (Me. 1998).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 17-A, § 1101(24) — 2 cases
State of Maine v. Dale M. Pinkham Sr., 2016 ME 59 (Me. 2016). “Because he expressly pleaded guilty to the charge of trafficking based on possession of two grams or more of heroin, and not to any alternative manner of proof provided in 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17), we vacate the judgments of conviction on Counts I, II, and III and remand to the…”
State of Maine v. Semprebon (Me. Super. Ct 2020).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 17-A, § 1101(25)(B)(3) — 1 case
United States v. Moran-Stenson, 115 F.4th 11 (1st Cir. 2024).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 17-A, § 1101(4) — 3 cases
State v. Woo, 2007 ME 151 (Me. 2007). “" 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17)(A) (2006). "Manufacture" means "to produce, prepare, propagate, compound, convert or process, either directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of natural origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis.”
State of Maine v. Aaron S. Lowden, 2014 ME 29 (Me. 2014). “” 17-A M.R.S. § 1101(17)(A). To “[mjanufacture” means “to produce, prepare, propagate, compound, convert or process, either directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of natural origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis.”
State of Maine v. Michael O. Fox, 2014 ME 136 (Me. 2014).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 17-A, § 1101(7)(A) — 1 case
State v. Hart, 640 A.2d 740 (Me. 1994).
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