Michigan Compiled Laws

Mich. Comp. Laws § 339.901 (2026)

Definitions.

✓ current as of July 2026

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OCCUPATIONAL CODE

Act 299 of 1980

339.901 Definitions.

Sec. 901.

(1) As used in this article:

(a) "Claim" or "debt" means an obligation or alleged obligation for the payment of money or thing of value arising out of an expressed or implied agreement or contract for a purchase made primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.

(b) "Collection agency" means a person that is directly engaged in collecting or attempting to collect a claim owed or due or asserted to be owed or due another, or, subject to subsection (2), repossessing or attempting to repossess a thing of value owed or due or asserted to be owed or due another arising out of an expressed or implied agreement. Collection agency includes an individual who, in the course of collecting, repossessing, or attempting to collect or repossess, represents himself or herself as a collection or repossession agency, or a person that performs collection activities that are regulated under this article on behalf of another. Collection agency also includes a person that furnishes or attempts to furnish a form or a written demand service represented to be a collection or repossession technique, device, or system to be used to collect or repossess claims, if the form contains the name of a person other than the creditor in a manner that indicates that a request or demand for payment is being made by a person other than the creditor even though the form directs the debtor to make payment directly to the creditor rather than to the other person whose name appears on the form. Collection agency also includes a person that uses a fictitious name or the name of another in the collection or repossession of claims to convey to the debtor that a third person is collecting or repossessing or has been employed to collect or repossess the claim. Collection agency does not include a person whose collection activities are confined and are directly related to the operation of a business other than that of a collection agency such as, but not limited to, the following:

(i) A regular employee who collects amounts for 1 employer if all collection efforts are carried on in the name of the employer.

(ii) A state or nationally chartered bank that collects its own claims.

(iii) A trust company that collects its own claims.

(iv) A state or federally chartered savings and loan association that collects its own claims.

(v) A state or federally chartered credit union that collects its own claims.

(vi) A licensee under the regulatory loan act, 1939 PA 21, MCL 493.1 to 493.24.

(vii) A business that is licensed by this state under a regulatory act that regulates collection activity.

(viii) An abstract company that is engaged in an escrow business.

(ix) A licensed real estate broker or salesperson if the claims the broker or salesperson are collecting are related to or in connection with the broker's or salesperson's real estate business.

(x) A public officer or person that is acting under a court order.

(xi) An attorney who is handling a claim or collection on behalf of a client and in the attorney's own name.

(xii) A forwarding agency that, acting on behalf of a creditor or lender, forwards a claim, collection, or repossession only to a licensed collection agency that is licensed under this article or to a person whose collection activities are excluded or exempted from licensing under this article.

(d) "Communicate" means to convey information regarding a debt directly or indirectly to a person through any medium.

(e) "Creditor" or "principal" means a person that offers or extends credit creating a debt or a person to which a debt is owed or due or asserted to be owed or due. Creditor or principal does not include a person that receives an assignment or transfer of a debt solely for the purpose of facilitating collection of the debt for the assignor or transferor. In those instances, the assignor or transferor of the debt shall continue to be considered the creditor or the principal for purposes of this article.

(f) "Consumer" or "debtor" means an individual who is obligated or allegedly obligated to pay a debt.

(g) "Insolvency" means the failure of a licensee to pay debts in the ordinary course of business.

(h) "Office" means a regular place of business where complete records are kept of collections and claims handled by a licensee.

(2) As used in this article, "collecting or attempting to collect a claim", "repossessing or attempting to repossess a thing of value", and "collection activities" do not include any of the following activities of a claim forwarder or remarketer pursuant to a contract with a creditor:

(a) Forwarding repossession assignments on behalf of the creditor to a collection agency that is licensed under this act for repossessing or attempting to repossess a thing of value owed or alleged to be owed on a claim.

(b) Pursuant to the authorization of a creditor and on the creditor's behalf, providing or procuring the services of an auction or other remarketer in connection with the disposition or preparation for disposition of a thing of value that was previously repossessed by a creditor or by another person on behalf of the creditor.

(c) Communicating with a creditor or the collection agency regarding the performance of any of the activities described in subdivision (a) or (b).

History: 1980, Act 299, Imd. Eff. Oct. 21, 1980 ;-- Am. 1981, Act 83, Imd. Eff. July 1, 1981 ;-- Am. 2014, Act 560, Imd. Eff. Jan. 15, 2015 ;-- Am. 2016, Act 167, Eff. Sept. 7, 2016

Compiler's Notes:

For transfer of powers and duties of certain occupational functions, boards, and commissions from the Department of Licensing and Regulation to the Department of Commerce, see E.R.O. No. 1991-9, compiled at MCL 338.3501 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.

PopularName Notes:

Act 299

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 32 cases (9 in the last 5 years), 1987–2025 · leading case: Badeen v. Par, Inc, 853 N.W.2d 303 (Mich. 2014).

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Badeen v. Par, Inc, 853 N.W.2d 303 (Mich. 2014). · cites it 12× “, and Cavanagh, Markman, Kelly, McCormack, Viviano, JJ.”

Newman v. Trott & Trott, P.C., 889 F. Supp. 2d 948 (E.D. Mich. 2012). · cites it 6× “) Count V alleges in the alternative that Defendants violated the Michigan Occupational Code (“MOC”), Mich. Comp. Laws § 339.901 . (Id. at ¶ 80-84.”

Misleh v. Timothy E. Baxter & Assocs., 786 F. Supp. 2d 1330 (E.D. Mich. 2011). · cites it 6× “Compare Mich. Comp. Laws § 339.901 (b) (providing that a “[cjollection agency does not include a person whose collection activities are confined and are directly related to the operation of a business other than that of a collection agency,” and then specifying a non-exhaustive…”

DirecTV, Inc. v. Karpinsky, 269 F. Supp. 2d 918 (E.D. Mich. 2003). · cites it 2× “§ 339.901; civil liability under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”), 18 U.”

Margita v. Diamond Mortg. Corp., 406 N.W.2d 268 (Mich. Ct. App. 1987). · cites it 2× “Plaintiffs filed suit on November 19, 1984, alleging that defendants had intentionally inflicted emotional distress, violated the collection practices act, MCL 339.901 et seq.; MSA 18.425(901) et seq.”

Gradisher v. Check Enf't Unit, Inc., 133 F. Supp. 2d 988 (W.D. Mich. 2001). · cites it 2× “§ 339.901(b) as a person directly or indirectly engaged in soliciting a claim for collection or collecting or attempting to collect a claim owed or due or asserted to be owed or due another.”

Litt v. Portfolio Recovery Assocs. LLC, 146 F. Supp. 3d 857 (E.D. Mich. 2015). · cites it 2× “, Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint also asserted claims under the Michigan Occupational Code, Mich. Comp. Laws § 339.901 et seq. (the ‘ "MOC”) and the Michigan Collection Practices Act, Mich.”

Alexander v. Blackhawk Recovery & Investigation, L.L.C., 731 F. Supp. 2d 674 (E.D. Mich. 2010). · cites it 2× “LAWS § 339.901 et seq. On June 3, 2010, Blackhawk filed a motion for summary judgment 1 arguing that Alexander’s claims under the FDCPA do not state a cause of action because Blackhawk is not a “debt collector” as that term is defined under the FDCPA.”

McCann v. U.S. Bank, N.A., 873 F. Supp. 2d 823 (E.D. Mich. 2012). · cites it 2× “] Mich. Comp. Laws § 339.901 . Since Defendant is a nationally chartered bank attempting to collect its own claims, i.”

Polidori v. Bank of Am., N.A., 977 F. Supp. 2d 754 (E.D. Mich. 2013). · cites it 3× “” Mich. Comp. Laws § 339.901 (b)(ii). *765 At the time BANA sent Plaintiff the debt validation letter, the underlying debt was owed to BANA.”

Montgomery v. Shermeta, Adams & Von Allmen, P.C., 885 F. Supp. 2d 849 (W.D. Mich. 2012). · cites it 2× “§ 339.901(b). The definition is lengthy, and ends with the following sentence: Collection agency does not include a person whose collection activities are confined and are directly related to the operation of a business other than that of a collection agency such as, but not…”

DirecTV, Inc. v. Cavanaugh, 321 F. Supp. 2d 825 (E.D. Mich. 2003). · cites it 2× “§ 339.901; (3) violation of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”), 18 U.”

Show all 32 citing cases →

— Mich. Comp. Laws § 339.901(a) — 4 cases

Badeen v. Par, Inc, 853 N.W.2d 303 (Mich. 2014). “, and Cavanagh, Markman, Kelly, McCormack, Viviano, JJ.”

DirecTV, Inc. v. Karpinsky, 269 F. Supp. 2d 918 (E.D. Mich. 2003). “§ 339.901; civil liability under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”), 18 U.”

Margita v. Diamond Mortg. Corp., 406 N.W.2d 268 (Mich. Ct. App. 1987). “Plaintiffs filed suit on November 19, 1984, alleging that defendants had intentionally inflicted emotional distress, violated the collection practices act, MCL 339.901 et seq.; MSA 18.425(901) et seq.”

Badeen v. PAR, Inc., 834 N.W.2d 85 (Mich. Ct. App. 2013).

— Mich. Comp. Laws § 339.901(b) — 9 cases

Badeen v. Par, Inc, 853 N.W.2d 303 (Mich. 2014). “, and Cavanagh, Markman, Kelly, McCormack, Viviano, JJ.”

Gradisher v. Check Enf't Unit, Inc., 133 F. Supp. 2d 988 (W.D. Mich. 2001). “§ 339.901(b) as a person directly or indirectly engaged in soliciting a claim for collection or collecting or attempting to collect a claim owed or due or asserted to be owed or due another.”

Montgomery v. Shermeta, Adams & Von Allmen, P.C., 885 F. Supp. 2d 849 (W.D. Mich. 2012). “§ 339.901(b). The definition is lengthy, and ends with the following sentence: Collection agency does not include a person whose collection activities are confined and are directly related to the operation of a business other than that of a collection agency such as, but not…”

Polidori v. Bank of Am., N.A., 977 F. Supp. 2d 754 (E.D. Mich. 2013). “” Mich. Comp. Laws § 339.901 (b)(ii). *765 At the time BANA sent Plaintiff the debt validation letter, the underlying debt was owed to BANA.”

Badeen v. PAR, Inc., 834 N.W.2d 85 (Mich. Ct. App. 2013).

— Mich. Comp. Laws § 339.901(b)(ii) — 1 case

Joshua Mitchell v. Capital One, N.A. (W.D. Mich. 2025).

— Mich. Comp. Laws § 339.901(b)(xi) — 1 case

— Mich. Comp. Laws § 339.901(e) — 1 case

Asset Acceptance Corp. v. Robinson, 625 N.W.2d 804 (Mich. Ct. App. 2001).

— Mich. Comp. Laws § 339.901(n) — 1 case

Nitzkin v. One Reliance LLC (E.D. Mich. 2022).

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