Michigan Compiled Laws

Mich. Comp. Laws § 440.2103 (2026)

Article 2; definitions.

✓ current as of July 2026
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UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE


Act 174 of 1962


440.2103 Article 2; definitions.

Sec. 2103.

    (1) In this article unless the context otherwise requires:

    (a) "Buyer" means a person who buys or contracts to buy goods.

    (b) "Receipt" of goods means taking physical possession of them.

    (c) "Seller" means a person who sells or contracts to sell goods.

    (2) Other definitions applying to this article or to specified parts thereof, and the sections in which they appear are:

    

    "Acceptance".

    Section 2606.

    "Banker's credit".

    Section 2325.

    "Between merchants".

    Section 2104.

    "Cancellation".

    Section 2106(4).

    "Commercial unit".

    Section 2105.

    "Confirmed credit".

    Section 2325.

    "Conforming to contract".

    Section 2106.

    "Contract for sale".

    Section 2106.

    "Cover".

    Section 2712.

    "Entrusting".

    Section 2403.

    "Financing agency".

    Section 2104.

    "Future goods".

    Section 2105.

    "Goods".

    Section 2105.

    "Identification".

    Section 2501.

    "Installment contract".

    Section 2612.

    "Letter of credit".

    Section 2325.

    "Lot".

    Section 2105.

    "Merchant".

    Section 2104.

    "Overseas".

    Section 2323.

    "Person in position of seller".

    Section 2707.

    "Present sale".

    Section 2106.

    "Sale".

    Section 2106.

    "Sale on approval".

    Section 2326.

    "Sale or return".

    Section 2326.

    "Termination".

    Section 2106.

    (3) "Control" as provided in section 7106 and the following definitions in other articles apply to this article:

    

    "Check".

    Section 3104.

    "Consignee".

    Section 7102.

    "Consignor".

    Section 7102.

    "Consumer goods".

    Section 9102.

    "Dishonor".

    Section 3502.

    "Draft".

    Section 3104.

    (4) In addition, article 1 contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this article.

    

History: 1962, Act 174, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ;-- Am. 2000, Act 348, Eff. July 1, 2001 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 87, Eff. July 1, 2013

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 11 cases, 1975–2013 · leading case: Gorman v. Am. Honda Motor Co., 839 N.W.2d 223 (Mich. Ct. App. 2013).
Gorman v. Am. Honda Motor Co., 839 N.W.2d 223 (Mich. Ct. App. 2013). · cites it 2× “”6 7 At the relevant times, MCL 440.2103(b) defined “good faith” for merchants as meaning “honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing in the trade.”
Fisher Sand & Gravel Co. v. Neal a Sweebe, Inc., 81 U.C.C. Rep. Serv. 2d (West) 239 (Mich. 2013). · cites it 2× “” MCL 440.2103(4). 6 The MCL 440.1201(3) definition of “agreement” was superseded effective July 1, 2013, by the substantially similar definition now found at MCL 440.”
First of Am. Bank v. Thompson, 552 N.W.2d 516 (Mich. Ct. App. 1996). · cites it 2× “*585 A The UCC defines “buyer” as “a person who buys or contracts to buy goods,” MCL 440.2103(l)(a); MSA 19.2103(l)(a). The contract in this case defines “buyer” as each person who signs the Buyer’s Agreement, a designated section of the contract.”
Henderson v. Chrysler Corp., 477 N.W.2d 505 (Mich. Ct. App. 1991). · cites it 2× “[UCC 2-103(1)(2), see MCL 440.2103(1)(d); MSA 19.2103(1) (d)]. While the argument is somewhat persuasive, we are nevertheless of the opinion that the retailers sales contract accompanied by the manufacturer's warranty, are so closely linked both in time of delivery and subject…”
Genesee Merchants Bank & Trust Co. v. Tucker Motor Sales, 372 N.W.2d 546 (Mich. Ct. App. 1985). · cites it 2× “[15] MCL 440.2103; MSA 19.2103. [16] MCL 440.2702(2); MSA 19.”
KLT Indus., Inc. v. Eaton Corp., 505 F. Supp. 1072 (E.D. Mich. 1981). “§ 440.2103(l)(b), M.S.A. § 19.2103(l)(b) and M.”
West Cent. Packing Inc. v. a F Murch Co., 311 N.W.2d 404 (Mich. Ct. App. 1981). “MCL 440.2103(l)(a); MSA 19.2103(l)(a). Both parties to this lawsuit recognize that the UCC is applicable because the suit involves a sale of goods.”
People v. Downes, 228 N.W.2d 212 (Mich. 1975). “See MCLA 440.2103(l)(b); MSA 19.2103(l)(b). The choice of language in this instance contrasts markedly with the choice of the language in § 7 of the Uniform Narcotic Drug Act.”
Indem. Marine Assurance Co. v. Lipin Robinson Warehouse Corp., 297 N.W.2d 846 (Mich. Ct. App. 1980). “In the instant case, the defendants are simply not buyers. There was no contract of sale between Combi-Camp and Lipin Robinson Warehouse.”
Nashville Eagle, Inc. v. Ford Motor Credit Co. (In Re Superior Ground Support, Inc.), 140 B.R. 878 (Bankr. W.D. Mich. 1992). “Looking further, the term “purchase” is defined to include the “taking by sale, discount, negotiation, mortgage, pledge, lien, issue or reissue, gift, or any other voluntary transaction creating an interest in property.”
Scher Enter., Inc. v. Bronco Wine Co., 178 F. Supp. 2d 780 (E.D. Mich. 2001). “§ 440.2103. (f) “Reasonable qualifications” means the average standard of the criteria used by the respective supplier for wholesalers that entered into or renewed an agreement with the suppliers during a period of 24 months prior to the proposed transfer of the wholesaler’s…”
— Mich. Comp. Laws § 440.2103(1) — 1 case
Indem. Marine Assurance Co. v. Lipin Robinson Warehouse Corp., 297 N.W.2d 846 (Mich. Ct. App. 1980). “In the instant case, the defendants are simply not buyers. There was no contract of sale between Combi-Camp and Lipin Robinson Warehouse.”
— Mich. Comp. Laws § 440.2103(1)(d) — 1 case
Henderson v. Chrysler Corp., 477 N.W.2d 505 (Mich. Ct. App. 1991). “[UCC 2-103(1)(2), see MCL 440.2103(1)(d); MSA 19.2103(1) (d)]. While the argument is somewhat persuasive, we are nevertheless of the opinion that the retailers sales contract accompanied by the manufacturer's warranty, are so closely linked both in time of delivery and subject…”
— Mich. Comp. Laws § 440.2103(4) — 1 case
Fisher Sand & Gravel Co. v. Neal a Sweebe, Inc., 81 U.C.C. Rep. Serv. 2d (West) 239 (Mich. 2013). “” MCL 440.2103(4). 6 The MCL 440.1201(3) definition of “agreement” was superseded effective July 1, 2013, by the substantially similar definition now found at MCL 440.”
— Mich. Comp. Laws § 440.2103(b) — 1 case
Gorman v. Am. Honda Motor Co., 839 N.W.2d 223 (Mich. Ct. App. 2013). “”6 7 At the relevant times, MCL 440.2103(b) defined “good faith” for merchants as meaning “honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing in the trade.”
— Mich. Comp. Laws § 440.2103(l)(a) — 3 cases
First of Am. Bank v. Thompson, 552 N.W.2d 516 (Mich. Ct. App. 1996). “*585 A The UCC defines “buyer” as “a person who buys or contracts to buy goods,” MCL 440.2103(l)(a); MSA 19.2103(l)(a). The contract in this case defines “buyer” as each person who signs the Buyer’s Agreement, a designated section of the contract.”
West Cent. Packing Inc. v. a F Murch Co., 311 N.W.2d 404 (Mich. Ct. App. 1981). “MCL 440.2103(l)(a); MSA 19.2103(l)(a). Both parties to this lawsuit recognize that the UCC is applicable because the suit involves a sale of goods.”
Nashville Eagle, Inc. v. Ford Motor Credit Co. (In Re Superior Ground Support, Inc.), 140 B.R. 878 (Bankr. W.D. Mich. 1992). “Looking further, the term “purchase” is defined to include the “taking by sale, discount, negotiation, mortgage, pledge, lien, issue or reissue, gift, or any other voluntary transaction creating an interest in property.”
— Mich. Comp. Laws § 440.2103(l)(b) — 3 cases
Gorman v. Am. Honda Motor Co., 839 N.W.2d 223 (Mich. Ct. App. 2013). “”6 7 At the relevant times, MCL 440.2103(b) defined “good faith” for merchants as meaning “honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing in the trade.”
KLT Indus., Inc. v. Eaton Corp., 505 F. Supp. 1072 (E.D. Mich. 1981). “§ 440.2103(l)(b), M.S.A. § 19.2103(l)(b) and M.”
People v. Downes, 228 N.W.2d 212 (Mich. 1975). “See MCLA 440.2103(l)(b); MSA 19.2103(l)(b). The choice of language in this instance contrasts markedly with the choice of the language in § 7 of the Uniform Narcotic Drug Act.”
— Mich. Comp. Laws § 440.2103(l)(d) — 2 cases
First of Am. Bank v. Thompson, 552 N.W.2d 516 (Mich. Ct. App. 1996). “*585 A The UCC defines “buyer” as “a person who buys or contracts to buy goods,” MCL 440.2103(l)(a); MSA 19.2103(l)(a). The contract in this case defines “buyer” as each person who signs the Buyer’s Agreement, a designated section of the contract.”
Henderson v. Chrysler Corp., 477 N.W.2d 505 (Mich. Ct. App. 1991). “[UCC 2-103(1)(2), see MCL 440.2103(1)(d); MSA 19.2103(1) (d)]. While the argument is somewhat persuasive, we are nevertheless of the opinion that the retailers sales contract accompanied by the manufacturer's warranty, are so closely linked both in time of delivery and subject…”
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